Clinical manifestations

The symptoms of FD are complex and diverse, mainly including postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning sensation. Symptoms should be located in the upper abdomen, from the level of the xiphoid process to the level of the umbilicus, and within the area on both sides not exceeding the midclavicular line. Symptoms are characterized by chronic onset, repeated exacerbation or persistence.

Patients with this disease may coexist with other functional gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, etc., and often have mental and psychological abnormalities such as anxiety and depression. The symptoms may be aggravated or appear due to improper diet, mental stress, fatigue, sleep disorders, etc.