Types of visas and application channels (1)
Type of visa
The visas granted by Japanese foreign embassies and consulates are divided into six categories: diplomatic, official, transit, sightseeing, commercial and specific visas.
There are two types of visas in Japan: long-term visas and short-term visas: short-term visas with a residence period of less than 1 year, and long-term visas with a residence period of more than 1 year (up to 3 years). Long-term visas mainly include: study visa, academic exchange visa, education visa, ordinary work visa and senior labor visa. There are also several kinds of special visas, such as Japanese orphans, Japanese China spouses, and diplomatic, news and trade visas for official business.
According to the provisions of Japan's immigration control law. If foreigners have certain professional expertise, Japan allows them to stay in Japan for a certain period of time and engage in certain jobs. Usually, several kinds of visas can be obtained for long-term residence in Japan: technical visa, work visa, dependent visa, special visa and so on.
1.Technical visa
Include two kinds of visa with code numbers of 4- 1-7 and 4- 1- 12. Experts, professors, lecturers, doctors, translators and various technicians among foreigners can obtain this visa if they are employed by relevant Japanese enterprises or scientific research institutions and schools. After entering the country, you are generally allowed to stay for one year, and then apply for an extension to three years with your employment certificate. Spouses and minor children of these immigrants may also enter and reside at the same time.
2. Work visa
The code name of the visa is 4- 1- 13, which is an entry visa for all kinds of skilled workers. For example, China chefs who are employed by Japanese or overseas Chinese to open restaurants can enter the country in this capacity. This entry visa is valid for one year. After the expiration of one year, workers with special skills can apply for two extensions and stay for three years. After three years of residence, they must leave the country. Then, they can re-apply for entry abroad and stay for another three years. As long as you are employed by an employer, you can re-enter every three years 1 time, regardless of the number of entry times.
3. Dependent visa
Usually refers to the parents, spouses or minor children of overseas Chinese in Japan, who can apply for such visas. Generally speaking, after the expiration of the visa period, you can ask for an extension of residence, and you can get a residence visa valid for three years in the future, and all of them can live for a long time. This kind of visa is essentially an immigrant visa.
4. Special visa
This kind of visa is mainly issued to people with Japanese descent or blood relationship with Japan. It is valid for three years and can be extended until the right of permanent residence is obtained. According to relevant Japanese laws and regulations. If you stay in Japan for more than 10 years, you can obtain permanent residency. For example, people of Japanese descent and foreign spouses of Japanese citizens who have made significant contributions to Japan are actually immigrant visas.
The validity period of Japanese visas, except diplomatic and official passports, is in principle 4 months for transit and sightseeing visas; Other visas are for 6 months. In principle, the number of valid entry is limited to one time, and a new visa must be issued when re-entering. Exceptions, if confirmed to be necessary, will also be granted 2 or more valid visas.
Types of visas and application channels (2)
According to Japanese law, different types of visas should be applied in different ways. For technical visas and work visas, the employing department shall apply to the local Immigration Bureau, that is, apply for entry permit. Proof materials such as invitation letter, contract letter and guarantee letter must be provided when applying. After being submitted to the Ministry of Justice for approval, the Immigration Bureau will issue a Certificate of Qualification forNo. Stay with a visa code to apply for a visa at the Japanese Embassy or Consulate in China.
Dependent visas and special visas can generally be applied directly by the applicant to the Japanese embassy or consulate in China. Issue a certificate of kinship, a certificate of guarantee or a certificate of employment adoption when applying. Born in Japan, it is enough to issue a household registration certificate, and no other certificates will be issued. It usually takes about three months to six months from application to obtaining an entry visa.
Ways of visa application
There are usually two ways to apply for a Japanese visa: one is for the applicant to apply to the Japanese embassy or consulate abroad. One is for relatives and friends living in Japan to apply to the local Immigration Bureau. Either way, the embassy or consulate is authorized to issue entry visas after the approval of the Ministry of Justice.
1.Procedures for applying to Japanese embassies and consulates abroad. Whether working or settling down, the applicant can apply for a visa directly to the Japanese consulate in the local area. Fill in the visa application form and submit the supporting materials corresponding to the application reasons. Then, the Japanese embassy or consulate will report the relevant archival materials to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which will forward them to the Ministry of Justice, and then the Ministry of Justice will review them with relevant departments. Those who apply for a senior labor visa need to be sent to the Ministry of International Trade and Industry for approval. If there are no different opinions, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will instruct the embassy or consulate to issue visas. It usually takes about 3 months from application to obtaining a visa.
2. Procedures for applying to the Immigration Bureau in Japan.
Japan's Entry-Exit Administration Law stipulates that foreigners applying for study abroad, technical services and general work visas must apply to the Ministry of Justice for a Certificate of Qualification for Stay before they can obtain an entry visa. If the applicant has relatives and friends in Japan, they can be entrusted to apply to the local immigration authorities. Then, the Immigration Bureau will report it to the Ministry of Justice for examination and approval, including examining the guarantor's guarantee qualification, property status, illegal behavior and previous guarantee reputation. After examination and approval, the local immigration bureau will issue a Certificate of Qualification for Stay to the guarantor. The guarantor sends this certificate to the applicant, who will apply for a visa to the embassy or consulate with this certificate.
For foreigners living in Japan who want to leave Japan temporarily for some reason, Japan should apply to the Japanese Ministry of Justice for a re-entry permit before leaving Japan. This certificate is issued by the Minister of Justice. You can enter Japan at any time during the validity of this credit. If it expires for some reason, you can apply for an extension at Japanese embassies and consulates abroad.
Foreigners passing through Japan must rest, shop and make a short stay outside the plane or ship, and the stay time shall not exceed 72 hours. They may apply for entry permit or transit permit from the entry administration branch at the port. With this card, you can move around the port.
Management of foreigners' entry and exit
Entry-exit management agency
Japan's administrative organ in charge of entry-exit management affairs is the Immigration Bureau. The Immigration Bureau is mainly responsible for the entry inspection, residence activities and re-entry procedures of foreigners, and the implementation of asylum, expulsion and refugee status for those who violate the entry and exit laws.
The Exit-Entry Administration is located in the Ministry of Justice. In eight cities, including Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Sapporo, exit-entry administrations, four branches and 10 1 office were established. In foreign countries, embassies and consulates abroad are in charge of entry and exit visa affairs. There are immigration inspectors at all ports of entry, who are in charge of the inspection of entry visas and certificates, and the determination of residence period and residence qualification.
Japan's visa affairs are in the charge of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, while the entry and exit administration is in the charge of the Minister of Justice. The two provinces hold joint meetings regularly, and individual visa issues must be decided through consultation between the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Justice.
Generally, long-term residence visas, employment visas, etc. need to be examined in advance, and most of them should be examined in advance by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Justice, and the foreign embassies and consulates should submit them to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Justice. Then the foreign minister raised it with the Minister of Justice. After the Immigration Bureau of the Ministry of Justice knows the real purpose of entry through various channels, the Minister of Justice will give the Minister of Foreign Affairs an opinion on whether to grant a visa. Therefore, it takes quite a long time for this kind of visa to be issued from the application.
The Japanese Embassy in China is responsible for applying for visas to Japan from people outside the consular section of its consulate in China. The Japanese Consulate in China is responsible for applying for visas to Japan by people within its territory. The time required for a visa is generally 8- 10 days.
In 195 1, Japan promulgated the first entry-exit administration law, namely the Entry-Exit Administration Order, and enacted the Alien Registration Law the following year. 1982 promulgated the Alien Landing Law, and revised the Exit-Entry Administration Order again, changing it into the Exit-Entry Administration and Refugee Recognition Law, and implemented the revised bill in 1990. The main contents of the law are divided into foreigners' entry, residence, exit, deportation, Japanese going abroad and returning home.
The entry management system implemented by the Japanese government, like most countries, issues different entry visas to different immigrants. Different residence qualifications are generally expressed by different kinds of visas or notes. The types of visas in Japan are expressed in Arabic letters, ranging from 4- 1- 1 to 4- 1 1 16. For example, if you travel to Japan for sightseeing or visiting relatives and friends, the residence qualification is 4-1-4; The residence qualification for international students is 4-L-6l. Those who go to Japan for scientific research and teaching activities have a residence qualification of 4- 1-7 and so on. Among them, 4- 1- 16 is divided into three categories: 1, 2 and 3, and the residence qualification is divided into four categories: general residence qualification, intermediate residence qualification, advanced residence qualification and special residence qualification.
When issuing entry visas, Japanese embassies or consulates abroad generally indicate the residence qualification number directly below the visa. When entering Japan, the entry inspection officials stamp the passport with the "permission to land" and also indicate the residence qualification number to further confirm the identity of the entrant.
Qualification and duration of residence (1)
Japan's entry management law is characterized by a system of residence qualification and duration for foreigners who have been approved to enter the country. That is, foreigners with different identities and different reasons are allowed to stay for different periods of time, and the activities allowed during their stay are also different.
Residence qualification means that foreigners have the conditions to engage in activities suitable for their status during their stay in Japan. The so-called residence period refers to the time that foreigners are allowed to stay in Japan after entering the country. The residence time corresponds to the residence qualification, and what kind of residence qualification there is, what kind of residence time there is. For example, tourists and relatives are generally allowed to stay 15 days, 30 days or 60 days or 90 days; Students studying abroad are allowed to stay for half a year or one year; Engaged in activities, can stay 1 year to 3 years; Skilled workers are allowed to stay for half a year or one year; Senior technicians can stay 1 year to 3 years.
Ordinary residence qualification allows the shortest residence time, and the longest can not exceed 90 days; The residence time of intermediate residence qualification is six months to one year; Senior residence qualification for one to three years; The maximum special residence qualification is 3 years, which can be extended for a long time until the permanent residence qualification is obtained.
According to Japan's Entry and Exit Administration Order, foreigners who apply for entry can only be allowed to enter Japan if they are qualified to stay in Japan on a visa. The qualification of stay is the qualification that foreigners can engage in certain activities during their stay in Japan, and foreigners are not allowed to engage in activities other than those recognized by this qualification. The length of stay varies according to qualifications. When officially entering the country after obtaining an entry visa, the entry examination should indicate the qualification and duration of stay in the visa.
Japan's Entry-Exit Administration Order provides for various stay qualifications and their stay periods as follows:
1.The duration of stay of diplomats, consular officers, attaché s and their families is unlimited.
2. There is no restriction on the duration of stay of public servants and their families who serve foreign governments and international institutions recognized by the Japanese government.
3. The duration of stay of the transit is 15 days.
4. Tourists, including participants in conferences sponsored by entertainment, recuperation and non-governmental organizations, participants in competitions and competitions, family visits between relatives and friends, study of Japanese inherent skills such as flower arranging, tea-drinking, judo and Zen, visits by organizations such as religious tours, sister cities and schools, and other immigrants who do not engage in activities with benefits, shall stay for 60 days.
5. The stay period of personnel engaged in trade, business and investment activities (managers and operators of enterprises) is 3 years.
6. The length of stay of international students (those who are engaged in research and receiving education in educational institutions above short-term universities) is 1 year.
7. The duration of stay of personnel engaged in research guidance and teaching in academic research institutions and educational institutions (including those who hold the positions of lecturer, associate professor and professor in education and research institutions above short-term universities) is 3 years.
8. The duration of stay of persons engaged in artistic and academic activities (including those engaged in music, fine arts, literature, science and other artistic and scientific activities) is 1 year.
9. The stay period for people who are engaged in theatrical performances, performing arts, performances and sports performances is 60 days.
10. Personnel sent by foreign religious groups for religious activities shall stay for 3 years.
11.As the staff of foreign news, radio, film and other media who come to Japan, the stay period is 3 years.
12. Personnel recruited by public or private institutions in China who provide high-tech or special technology and skills in the industry will stay for 3 years.
1 3. Skilled workers (such as chefs of Chinese cuisine, dim sum makers, etc., but generally not allowed to work alone) will stay for1year.
14. For those who live permanently, the duration of stay is permanent.
15. Spouses and minor children (so-called dependents) of persons with stay qualification of 5- 13. ) The duration of stay is the same as that of the dependents.
16. Short-and medium-term residents and their families with stay qualifications of 5, 10, 12 shall stay for 180 days.
17.1952 Law No.2, item 6, children of persons born in Japan after the implementation date of the law, the stay period is 3 years.
18. Stay-in personnel licensed by the Minister of Justice (those who do not belong to other stay qualifications, such as doctors, technical trainees, linguistics teachers, students from various schools, Japanese dependents, etc.). In addition, even if you are engaged in other activities with stay qualification, but the stay period is different from that stipulated in the stay qualification, it is also suitable for this), and its stay period is specified individually within 3 years.
19.1953 decree No.404, item 2 14, and those born in Japan after the implementation date of this law, the duration of stay is 3 years.
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