Spain covers an area of 504,750 square kilometers (including land area of 499,542 square kilometers and water area of 5,240 square kilometers), ranking fifth in Europe, with a length of 1000 kilometers from the northernmost to the southernmost part of the mainland. Most of the territory is located in Iberian Peninsula, with France and Andorra in the northeast and Portugal in the west. It faces Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar. The Bay of Biscay is in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest and southwest.

There are Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Melilla and Ceuta in Africa (Morocco claims sovereignty). Britain occupied Gibraltar in the south of the peninsula.