Mary I
The sister of Queen Elizabeth I of England, the eldest daughter of Henry VIII, known as "Bloody Mary", reigned from 1553 to 1558, growing up in the midst of the Reformation in Europe, when England became the scene of a deadly struggle between Catholicism and Protestantism. Her mother, Catherine, was a Catholic princess of Spain, and her father, Henry VIII, betrayed the Catholic Church, broke with the Pope, and supported Protestantism and persecuted Catholics at home in order to achieve the goal of divorcing her mother.
Since then Princess Mary's fate has been even more difficult. She was not allowed to meet her mother, on various occasions, she was called "Mary Tudor" Miss, not Princess, her father ostracized him, her maids of honor were replaced, and then she was placed under house arrest, deprived of all titles, but she still stubbornly claimed to be the king's legitimate daughter, and not some illegitimate daughter. Henry VIII was furious. He canceled all possible marriages of his daughter, including the most powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the time, Charles V (who was Mary's cousin), and King Fran?ois of France.
Perhaps as a result of the upbringing described above, or perhaps from her own old-fashioned, stubborn nature, she became a die-hard Catholic with a bitter hatred of Protestantism. As an adult, she was almost put on trial for treason by Henry VIII for her refusal to convert to Protestantism, and later married King Philip II of Spain, then the defender of the Catholic world. In 1553, Mary overthrew Jane Grey, the "Queen of the Nine Days", and upon ascending to the throne, she immediately proclaimed the restoration of Catholicism and adopted a high-handed policy of slaughtering Protestants, more than 300 of whom were burned at the stake during her five-year reign, including the Archbishop of Cranmer, who had the audacity to declare her parents' marriage null and void and her illegitimate daughter, and numerous Protestants were forced to live in exile abroad. She finally earned the name "Bloody Mary" from the English people for her atrocities. When she died, it is said that bells were rung throughout London in honor of her sister, Elizabeth I, who would later become a famous monarch. (By the way, if a Chinese emperor only executed more than 300 people, then he is definitely not a tyrant, because in China, "when the son of heaven is angry, millions of corpses will be executed, and blood will flow into the river", like Zhu Yuanzhang, every time he raised a big prison, he had to execute tens of thousands of people, but it still can't change that he is considered a wise monarch. But in Europe the standard is different, the execution of a few hundred people is already appalling.)
Her marriage to Philip II was purely political. Philip II had no interest in the cousin aunt, twelve years his senior, and hardly ever lived in England at all, so that's not much of a progeny. So when Queen Mary died in 1558, her sister, Princess Elizabeth, rightly became Queen of England and Ireland.