I. Planting techniques

(1) land selection. The wampee with big core has low requirements on soil, and it can be planted in both clay loam and sandy loam, but different soils will have different effects on the growth and yield of wampee plants. Planting on sandy loam with good drainage, fertile soil and deep soil layer can make the tree grow vigorously and produce high and stable yield; Planting on clay with poor soil quality, poor drainage and irrigation and waterlogging will lead to slow growth and low yield.

(2) Planting density. Generally, 45~55 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 3m×4m or 3.5m×3.5m.

(3) Prepare for ploughing. For planting in mountainous areas, dig pits according to the specifications of length, width, depth 1m and 0.8m, and bury 40-50 ㎏ of green manure, 40-50 ㎏ of soil miscellaneous manure, 0.5㎏ of lime and 0.5㎏ of phosphate fertilizer in each pit, and backfill topsoil is 20 𠎟 higher than the ground. Small holes can be dug for planting on the slope, but the holes will be expanded in the following year. The planting holes are 0.5m long, 0.4m wide and 0.4m deep, and the farmyard manure10 ~15.

(4) planting time. It is usually carried out in March-May, when there is more rain, the temperature rises, it is easy to take root and the plant survival rate is high. When transplanting, the root system of nutrient bag seedlings is less affected, and it can be planted all year round in gardens with irrigation conditions.

(5) Colonization. Choose bagged seedlings for planting, with the height of 40 ~ 50 ㎝, which should be 1 ~ 2 grafted seedlings with mature buds. When planting, the roots of wampee seedlings should avoid contact with fertilizers, and the seedlings should remain upright, and the roots naturally spread around. It is suitable to cover the seedlings with fine soil to the height of root neck 2㎝. In the early stage of planting before the new shoots are pulled out, water should be sprayed for 3 days in sunny days.

Second, young tree management technology

1, fertilizer and water management

(1) fertilization. Young roots are underdeveloped, shallow in distribution and weak in absorption. Fertilization should be based on the principle of diligent application and thin application, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and foliar micro-fertilizer as the supplement. Water and fertilizer are mainly applied. Fertilization starts every month after the plant survives, and new buds are pulled out at this time. After that, dilute water fertilizer (diluted with manure, which can add 1 ~ 2 urea/barrel) 1 time every 15 days, and each plant is sprayed with dilute manure for 2 ~ 3 times. It is best to fertilize before the new buds germinate and after the new buds turn green.

(2) Water management. Young trees grow vigorously, with shallow and few roots, which are easily affected by soil moisture changes. In order to strengthen soil moisture management, water the new shoots for about 1 month, 7 ~ 10 days in drought 1 time, and then water them when the new shoots are slightly wilting. During the whole growth period, attention should be paid to drainage, waterlogging prevention and keeping the soil moist, so as to facilitate the normal growth of plants.

2. Soil management

(1) loosen the soil. Young orchards with big yellow skin should be loosened several times a year, which is generally combined with weeding and intercropping crops. In summer and autumn, loosen the soil after rain to prevent soil hardening. The depth of loosening soil in rhizosphere is 5 ~ 10 ㎝.

(2) Reaming and improving soil. Generally from the second year after planting (the first year of small hole planting). In addition, every winter, organic fertilizers such as chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung and other dried farmyard manure, or peanut bran are added. In the first year, the mouth of the cave expanded into a "7" shape to the southeast, and in the second year, it expanded to the northwest. The hole is 30 ~ 40 cm deep and 50 cm wide. After applying 20 ~ 30 ㎏ dry farmyard manure or 3 ~ 5 ㎏ peanut bran, reaming will be completed within 4 years.

3, plastic pruning

After the seedlings are planted and survive, pick the core or cut the stem at a height of 40 ~ 50 ㎝ to promote the germination of branches. When the main branch is mature, core or chop it at 15 ~ 20 ㎝ to promote the germination of secondary branches. Then select 2 ~ 3 healthy branches with reasonable distribution from each main branch to cultivate secondary main branches, and cultivate tertiary branches, tertiary branches and multilevel branches in the same way.

Step 4 mix cropping

Under the condition of not affecting the growth of wampee, it is feasible to plant leguminous crops or vegetables such as peanuts and soybeans in young orchards with large core and many wampee, which is beneficial to soil moisture conservation and heat preservation. If the intercropping density of wampee with other crops is too high and the drainage is not perfect, it is easy to waterlogging after rain, which will affect the yield and quality of wampee.

Third, the result tree management technology.

1, fertilization of fruit trees

(1) Fertilize the fruits after picking. This kind of fertilization is carried out after the fruit is picked, and the amount of fertilization is large, which depends on the age of the bearing tree, fruit yield and soil conditions. Based on the fruit-bearing capacity of young fruit-bearing trees of 20㎏, each tree is applied with decomposed bran water 15㎏, and sprayed in the shallow ditch near drip line around the crown or directly on the tree tray: if dry fertilizer is applied, ternary compound fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is15:15:) is selected.

(2) Fertilization in autumn. The purpose is to promote the senescence of autumn shoots, promote the development of secondary branches in time and cultivate fruiting mother branches. Based on the fruit yield of 20 young fruit trees, the ternary compound fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15: 15: 15) is 0.5 ~ 1 ㎏.

(3) Promoting flowering and fertilization. Apply before and after severe cold and when the ear is about 5㎝. The purpose is to promote flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to the development of flower organs and fruiting branches. Based on 20㎏ bearing young trees, apply 10 ~ 20 ㎏ dry farmyard manure or 12㎏ baked bran cake to each tree.

(4) Strong flowers and fruit protection and fertilization. After the full flowering period, the purpose is to replenish the nutrients consumed by flowering in time, promote flowering and fruiting, and keep the leaves green. Apply 0.25-0.5 ㎏ compound fertilizer to plants and add 0.25㎏ potassium chloride.

(5) Fertilize the strong fruits. Fertilize in the fruit expansion period, that is, after physiological fruit drop. The purpose is to promote fruit expansion, ensure normal fruit development and increase yield. Based on 20-year-old fruit trees, dry retting cooked farmyard manure 10 ~ 15 ㎏ or retting chaff cake1~10.5 ㎏.

prune

(1) Prune the fruit after picking. It is mainly to cut off dead branches, pests and diseases, shady branches and weak branches, and combine fruit picking or timely retraction or short cutting of fruiting mother branches to promote autumn shoots and cultivate strong fruiting mother branches.

(2) pruning in winter. Combined with clearing the garden in winter, it can ensure the ventilation and light transmission of trees, reduce pests and unnecessary nutrient consumption in the next year, benefit photosynthesis and lay the foundation for high yield in the next year.

3. Belamcanda control and flower promotion

(1) tip control. In winter, because of the low temperature and drought, the yellow skin of large fruit chicken heart grows slowly, and it can blossom and bear fruit without controlling the winter shoots in general years. However, in the years of high temperature and humidity in winter, it is easy to sprout winter buds, which will consume nutrients and affect flower bud differentiation, so it is necessary to prevent the formation of winter buds. Control methods of winter shoots: ① Combined with clearing the garden in winter, cut off dead branches, shady branches, over-dense branches and branches of diseases and pests, open holes and bury organic fertilizer, dry soil and cut off roots to control water, so as to control the root system in a certain drought state and force the trees to sleep. ② Spraying paclobutrazol with the concentration of 500 ~ 1000 ppm for 2 ~ 3 times every 20 days after the autumn shoots are fully mature can effectively inhibit the formation of winter shoots.

(2) promoting flowers. The transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of young trees with yellow skin of big fruit chicken heart is unstable, which is easily affected by unfavorable factors such as temperature and water. When the temperature and moisture are sufficient, leaf buds are easy to germinate, so attention should be paid to eliminating waterlogging in production and keeping the soil moderately dry; When flower buds are difficult to germinate and need to be watered to promote flowers, only a small amount of water can be watered. When the tree age of Huangpi reaches 10 year, the flowering and fruiting will be very stable, and it is not necessary to take measures to control the shoots and promote the flowering.

4. Sparse flowers and fruits

(1) flower thinning: large-fruited chicken heart with yellow skin, large ears and many small flowers, with more than 1000 flowers per ear and long flowering period, especially for young trees. The flowering period of the same ear can often be as long as 15 ~ 20 days, the fruit setting rate is 3% ~ 6%, and the height is about 10%. Because of the long flowering period, it is not only easy to cause fruit drop, but also the fruits of the same ear vary in size and maturity. In order to reduce the nutrient consumption of trees and promote the consistency of flowering and maturity of the same ear, appropriate methods of thinning flowers or cutting short ears can be adopted. That is, from the initial flowering stage to the flowering stage, about 1/3 of the total amount is cut from the top ear. If there are leaflets on the ear, they should be removed at the same time.

(2) Fruit thinning: Fruit thinning can increase the size and maturity of fruit. It should be carried out after physiological fruit drop, generally thinning deformed fruits, diseased fruits and small fruits, and then thinning dense fruits according to plant growth, nutritional level and fruit hanging amount.