Chrysanthemum stem: can be used as medicine, diuretic; clearing heat and detoxification. It is also used to treat retention of urine; sore throat; carbuncle and furuncle.
Chrysanthemum leaves: clearing the liver and improving eyesight; detoxifying and reducing swelling. Mainly used for head wind; dizziness; furuncle; carbuncle.
Chrysanthemum flowers: slightly pungent, sweet and bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature. It can evacuate wind-heat, clear liver and eyesight, calm liver-yang and detoxify. It is used for colds and wind-heat, fever and dizziness; heat in the liver meridian; redness of the eyes with many tears, or deficiency of yin in the liver and kidney, dimming of the eyes; hyperactivity of liver yang, dizziness and headache; sores and swelling and pain. It is also used in modern times for coronary heart disease and hypertension.
The root of chrysanthemum: diuretic; clearing heat and removing toxins. Mainly retention of urine; sore throat; carbuncle boils.
Introduction
(1)Chrysanthemum (Latin name: Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.): in plant taxonomy is a perennial rooted herb of the family Asteraceae, genus Aster. According to the form of cultivation, it is divided into the cultivation types such as multi-headed chrysanthemums, solo chrysanthemums, dali chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemums, art chrysanthemums, and desk chrysanthemums, etc.; and according to the appearance of petal forms, it is divided into the cultivation types such as garden embrace, retreating embrace, anti-embrace, chaotic embrace, heart-exposing embrace, and flying lunch embrace. Different types of chrysanthemums are named various species names.
(2) Chrysanthemum is the third of China's top ten famous flowers, one of the four gentlemen of flowers (plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum), and one of the world's four major cut flowers (chrysanthemums, monsoons, carnations and irises), with the highest production. Because chrysanthemum has the character of being cold and proud of snow, there is Tao Yuanming's famous line "picking chrysanthemums under the East Fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain". The Chinese have the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Chongyang Festival. In Tang Meng Haoran's "Passing by the Old Man's Village", he said, "When it comes to the Chung Yeung Festival, I will come back to enjoy chrysanthemums." Chrysanthemums were also given the meaning of good luck and longevity in ancient myths and legends.
(3)Chrysanthemum is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated by artificial selection for a long time, around the eighth century A.D., chrysanthemum as an ornamental flower was spread to Japan from China. 17th century Dutch merchants introduced Chinese chrysanthemum into Europe, France in the 18th century, and North America in the middle of the 19th century. Since then, Chinese chrysanthemums have spread all over the world.
Growing environment
Chrysanthemum is a short-sunlight plant, and can bloom early under short sunlight. Prefer sunlight, avoid shade, more tolerant of early, afraid of flooding. Prefer warm and humid climate, but also cold, severe winter rhizomes can overwinter in the ground. Flowers can withstand frost, but seedling growth and branching buds need higher temperatures. The optimal growth temperature is about 20 ℃.
Chrysanthemum's adaptability is very strong, like cool, more cold-tolerant, growth temperature 18-21 ℃, the highest 32 ℃, the lowest 10 ℃, underground rhizomes of low-temperature limit is generally a 10 ℃. Flowering minimum night temperature of 17 ℃, flowering (in, after) can be reduced to 15-13 ℃. Prefer full sun, but also slightly shade-tolerant. More tolerant of dry, most avoid waterlogging. Prefer high and dry terrain, deep soil, rich in humus, easily fertile and well-drained sandy loam. In slightly acidic to neutral soil can grow, and PH6.2-6.7 better. Avoid continuous cropping. Autumn chrysanthemum is a long night day plant, in the 14.5 hours a day under long sunlight for stem and leaf nutrient growth, more than 12 hours a day of darkness and 100 degrees Celsius night temperature is suitable for the development of flower buds. But different varieties have different responses to sunlight.
Reproduction methods
There are two methods of nutritional reproduction and seed propagation. Nutritional reproduction includes pole insertion, planting, grafting, pressing and tissue culture. Usually take cuttings to propagate the main, which is divided into buds, shoots, leaf buds.
(1) bud insertion
In the fall and winter cut the plant external foot bud pole insertion. The standard for selecting buds is far from the plant, buds full. After the buds are selected, peel off the lower leaves, according to the plant spacing 3-4 cm, row spacing 4-5 cm, inserted in the greenhouse or greenhouse pots or inserted into the bed of coarse sand, to maintain a room temperature of 7-8c, planted outdoors after the warmth of spring. Shoot cuttings: This method is the most widely used. Most cuttings are taken in April-May. Cut the young technology 8-10 cm as a spike, after insertion of good management. At a temperature of 18-210C, most varieties of roots in about 3 weeks, about 4 weeks to move seedlings into pots.
(2) ground insertion
Medium available garden soil with 1/3 of the huller ash. In a raised bed with a reed-curtain trellis for shade. Full light insertion beds, such as automatic spray equipment, do not need shade.? Leaf bud insertion: cut 1 leaf with axillary buds from a branch and insert it. This method is only used to propagate rare species.? Divided plants: generally around the time of the Qingming Festival, the plant is dug out, according to the natural shape of the roots with roots apart, another planting pot.
(3)Grafting
In order to make chrysanthemums grow strong and healthy, which can be used to make "ten kinds of brocade" or big chrysanthemums, Artemisia annuaak or Artemisia annuaak can be used as rootstocks for grafting. Artemisia annuaak or A.apiacea can be used as rootstocks for grafting. Seeds are picked in late fall, sown in greenhouses in winter, or raised in hotbeds in March, and then moved to pots or fields in late April when the seedlings are 3-4 cm tall, and split on sunny days. Crimping: this method is used only when propagating the sprouted parts.
(4)Seeds
Chrysanthemum seeds germinate slowly above 100 degrees Fahrenheit at a moderate temperature of 250 degrees Fahrenheit. sowed sparingly between February and April, they can bloom more often that year under normal conditions.
(5)Tissue culture
Tissue culture technology to propagate chrysanthemums, less useful material, large number of seedlings, detoxification, de-disease and can maintain the excellent characteristics of varieties and other advantages. The culture medium is MS+6BA=(6 a benzyl purine) 1 mg/liter ten NAA (cai acetic acid) 0.2 mg/liter, pH5.8. Use chrysanthemum stem tip (0.3-0.5mm), young stem or flower bud (diameter 9-10mm), cut into 0.5 cm small section, inoculation. Inoculate at room temperature of 26 degrees Celsius to 1 degree Celsius with light for 8 hours a day (1000-1500 lux). Healing tissue can be induced after 1-2 months. After another 1-2 months, green shoots will be differentiated. The differentiated green shoots were transferred to White+NAAI-2 mg/L medium, which induced a robust root system after about 1 month. After another month of incubation, the plants can be planted outdoors. Watering with half of the original culture solution is the key to the success of in vitro seedlings.