The existing regulatory drugs mainly used to reduce plasma triglycerides are: phenoxy aromatic acid or fibrates, Guanxinping, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, Conley fat, and clonidine; Fish oil preparation, such as Duoxikang capsule.
Hyperlipidemia refers to the high blood lipid level, which can directly cause some diseases that seriously endanger human health, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, pancreatitis and so on.
Hyperlipidemia can be divided into primary and secondary. Primary is related to congenital and heredity, which is caused by single gene defect or multi-gene defect, or by environmental factors (diet, nutrition, drugs) and through unknown mechanisms. Secondary diseases mostly occur in metabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, myxedema, hypothyroidism, obesity, liver and kidney diseases, adrenocortical hyperfunction), or are related to other factors such as age, sex, season, drinking, smoking, diet, physical activity, mental stress and emotional activity.
The clinical manifestations of hyperlipidemia are xanthoma caused by dermal lipid deposition and arteriosclerosis caused by vascular endothelial lipid deposition. Although hyperlipidemia can cause xanthoma, the incidence rate is not very high; The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis is a slow and gradual process. So in general, most patients have no obvious symptoms and abnormal signs. Many people only find that the existing plasma lipoprotein level rises when they have blood biochemical tests for other reasons.
treat cordially
1. Control ideal weight
Many epidemiological data show that the average plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of obese people are significantly higher than those of non-obese people of the same age. In addition to the obvious positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid level, the distribution of body fat is also closely related to plasma lipoprotein level. Generally speaking, people with central obesity are more prone to hyperlipidemia. After obese people lose weight, abnormal blood lipids can also return to normal.
Step 2 exercise
Physical exercise can not only enhance cardiopulmonary function, improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, but also reduce body weight, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and improve HDL cholesterol levels.
In order to achieve the goal of safety and effectiveness, the following items should be paid attention to during exercise:
Exercise intensity is usually measured by the heart rate level after exercise, and the appropriate exercise intensity is generally that the heart rate after exercise is controlled at about 80% of the individual's maximum heart rate. Exercise forms include moderate walking, jogging, swimming, skipping rope, doing aerobics, cycling and other aerobic activities.
Exercise duration Before each exercise, warm-up activities should be carried out for 5 ~ 10 min to make the heart rate gradually reach the above level, and then it should be maintained for 20 ~ 30 minutes. It is best to relax for 5 ~ 10 min after exercise. Exercise at least 3 ~ 4 times a week.
Pay attention to safety protection during exercise.
give up smoking
Smoking can increase the levels of plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol and decrease the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. After quitting smoking 1 year, plasma HDL- cholesterol can rise to the level of non-smokers, and the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by 50%, even close to non-smokers.
4. Diet therapy
Plasma lipids mainly come from food. By controlling diet, the plasma cholesterol level can be reduced by 5% ~ 10%, which is also helpful to lose weight. And make the lipid-lowering drugs play the best role. Most patients with type ⅲ hyperlipoproteinemia can often reduce their blood lipid levels to normal through diet therapy and correction of other metabolic disorders.
The timing of diet therapy mainly depends on the risk of coronary heart disease and the level of plasma LDL- cholesterol. Generally speaking, the higher the risk of coronary heart disease, the lower the plasma LDL- cholesterol level when starting diet therapy.
Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia is to reduce the level of LDL- cholesterol in plasma by controlling diet, while maintaining an ideal weight.
Dietary structure can directly affect blood lipid level. Plasma cholesterol level is easily influenced by dietary cholesterol intake, and a large amount of saturated fatty acids will also increase cholesterol synthesis. Usually, meat, eggs, dairy products (especially egg yolk and animal offal) and other foods contain more cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, so they should be eaten in limited quantities. Edible oil should be mainly vegetable oil, and the dosage per person per day is 25 ~ 30g. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia should strictly limit the intake of cholesterol and fatty acids in food.
5. Drug therapy
Statins and resins mainly reduce serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The drugs that mainly reduce serum triacylglycerol are fibrates and nicotinic acids.
6. Non-drug treatment of severe dyslipidemia
Some patients with dyslipidemia can achieve ideal blood lipid regulation effect by adjusting diet and improving lifestyle. There are very few patients with very high blood lipid levels, which are more common in patients with genetic abnormalities and can be treated by plasma purification and surgery. Gene therapy may overcome the intractable hereditary dyslipidemia in the future.