Field planting
Determination of planting period: plant as soon as possible under the premise of ensuring that it will not be frozen after planting. Chengde area is generally planted at the end of April and the beginning of May. Temperature index requirements: the minimum temperature at night is higher than 5℃, and the soil temperature at 0 ~ 10 cm is higher than 12℃. Cucumber in autumn dew field adopts direct seeding method.
Planting density: 4000-4500 plants/mu, planted in large and small rows, with small row spacing of 40 cm, large row spacing of 80 cm, plant spacing of 25-30 cm, and planted in dark water.
operate
Tea house. Transplanting should be done as soon as possible after transplanting, and the seedlings can be pulled out from the wind. In the tea nail, the flower stand or herringbone stand can be used, which is about 8 ~ 10 cm away from the root.
Tie the vines. Use the "8" character system to hold the vines to prevent them from wearing and sagging. Play every 2 ~ 3 quarters and play in the afternoon. The stems and vines are easy to break in the morning, so the tightness of the vines should be restrained. For plants with great growth potential, tie them properly to make the growing points highly consistent.
Trim and trim. The main vine should remove all the lateral branches, and the lateral vine should leave one or two leaves behind the melon to pinch the tip and destroy all the tendrils. When the stem exceeds the frame head, pinch the tip in time to promote the growth of the lower melon, or twist the tip to inhibit the growth of the upper melon.
Fertilizer and water management. Timely watering and intertillage, the amount and frequency of watering depend on the weather and growth period. 5-7 days after sowing, irrigate seedlings and slowly release water; Control water, intertillage and squat seedlings before sitting on melons; When the root melon grows to 10 ~ 12 cm, water it to promote the melon; Water every 5 ~ 7 days in the fruiting period. The principle of topdressing is light before heavy, with a small amount for many times, so as to make the melon fertilizer topdressing after the root melon is seated, and then irrigate the melon fertilizer after the root melon is harvested. Advocate the use of organic fertilizer topdressing. [5]
greenhouse
Carry out soil preparation
Buckle the shed and bake the ground early, and cover the shed film 20 ~ 30 days before planting. The old shed should be disinfected, and the columns and shed membranes can be sprayed with trisodium phosphate or sodium hypochlorite, or fumigated with smoke agents such as chlorothalonil. After thawing, plough the land in time and apply base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the ridge cultivation is covered with plastic film.
Field planting
Seedlings should be planted as soon as possible under the premise of ensuring that they are not damaged by freezing. The ground temperature in 10 cm shed is higher than 12℃, and the minimum temperature at night is not lower than 5℃. Moderately close planting, about 4000 plants per mu, moderately shallow planting.
operate
Temperature management: Cucumber cultivated in early spring is mainly used for heat preservation and cold protection in the early stage. Generally, seedlings are delayed for about 7 days without outdoor air. Take various measures to increase the temperature at night and promote slow seedling growth. It takes about 20 days from seedling delay to root-bearing melon stage, and the temperature should be controlled at 20 ~ 25℃ during the day and 12 ~ 16℃ at night to prevent excessive growth. The temperature in the full fruit stage should be controlled at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and 16 ~ 18℃ at night.
Fertilizer and water management and intertillage: the ground temperature is low in early spring, and the planting water should be appropriately less. Water the seedlings after delaying, then intertillage and squat. Water the root melon after harvest, and then water it every five days. It's best to water it in the sunny morning and water it again after the rainstorm in summer. Ventilation in time after watering to reduce the air humidity in the shed.
Top dressing can be applied 1 ~ 2 times from planting to root melon harvesting, and once every 7 ~ 10 days at the peak of fruit setting. Diammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate are used alternately and can also be applied with irrigation.
Pruning by hanging vines: when the cucumber grows to 5 knots, hang seedlings or chajia in time, then wrap or tie seedlings every 2-3 days, and remove all side branches and tendrils in time. When cucumber seedlings approach the plastic film, pinch or twist the tip. Knock out the diseased old leaves at the lower part in time. [5]
greenhouse
Preparation before planting
Cover with plastic film and disinfect the shed. Cover with plastic film one month before planting and disinfect the shed. During disinfection, 200 ml of dichlorvos can be added with sulfur 1.5 ~ 2 kg, mixed with sawdust and ignited, and closed in the shed for 1 ~ 2 days, which can effectively kill sick eggs in the shed. In the greenhouse with serious root-knot nematodes, 80 kilograms of lime nitrogen can be applied per mu and mixed thoroughly.
Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer: the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and 10000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, turned over to a depth of 40 cm, and mixed evenly. Fermented broken grass, wheat straw, rice husk and other organic matter can also be applied year after year. The best measure is the application of straw bioreactor technology, which can not only effectively increase the ground temperature, increase soil organic matter and improve the soil environment, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve product quality and achieve outstanding yield increase effect.
Make a bed and cover it with plastic film: Cucumber should be raised from the bed in greenhouse in winter, and drip irrigation or underground irrigation under the film should be adopted. The bed width is 1.2m and the height is about 15cm, which should be covered with plastic film. You can also plant it first and then cover it with plastic film.
Determination of planting period: Cucumber planting in winter and spring usually starts from165438+early February and ends in1late October.
Planting method and density: about 3500 plants per mu. Seedling planting should be strictly screened to eliminate sick seedlings, weak seedlings and unqualified seedlings. Planting holes should be opened according to the plant spacing of 28 ~ 30 cm, and seedlings should be planted in the holes, watered and covered with plastic film. [5]
Post-colonial management
Pre-management: From planting to harvesting, the management of this period is called pre-management, and the center of pre-management is to promote roots and control seedlings. Although the temperature and light in this period have obviously decreased, they have not reached the lowest point. It is necessary to make full use of the favorable climatic conditions in this period, strengthen management, promote root development and enhance the adaptability of plants to low temperature, weak light and special weather. The technical level of early management has an important influence on plant growth, disease resistance, cold tolerance and yield in the middle and late stage.
Watering the first three waters well: first, water should be poured well to prevent the soil from being layered with the surrounding soil, which will affect the slow seedling. During the period from10 to15 days after planting, the slow-growing water of seedlings should be thoroughly poured out from the culvert in the middle of the border until the water level reaches the planting hole. After the root melon is harvested, water it for the third time on a sunny morning, which is also called melon urging water.
Root promotion and seedling control: within one week after planting, the temperature is 25 ~ 32℃ during the day and 15 ~ 17℃ at night. After delaying the emergence of seedlings, the air release should be increased, and the maximum air release should not exceed 30℃ at noon on sunny days, 15 ~ 12℃ at night, and it should be maintained at 10℃ before the curtain is lifted in the morning to increase the temperature difference between day and night and control the growth of aboveground parts. The temperature management is too high, the plants grow too vigorously, and the ability to resist low temperature and cold current decreases in the coldest 1 and February. At the same time, the leaves will be too large, the ground will be seriously shaded, and it will also affect the increase of ground temperature and the development of roots.
Plant vine hanging and adjustment: when the plant grows to 6 ~ 7 leaves and begins to swing vines, pull the wire to hang vines in time. With the growth of stems and vines, the stems and vines are wound on the lanyard, and then every 2 ~ 3 days.
Mid-term management: the management from harvesting root melons to early March is called mid-term management. This period is the lowest temperature and the weakest light in winter cucumber production, which is a difficult period of management and the peak of output value formation.
Temperature management: During this period, temperature management is the core. During the day, we should extend the lighting time as much as possible. Under the premise of not affecting the indoor temperature, open the straw curtain as soon as possible and implement four-level temperature change management. 8: 00 am-13: 00 am, control the temperature between 25℃ and 32℃, and release outdoor air when it exceeds 32℃. In the afternoon 13: 00 ~ 15: 30, the photosynthetic capacity decreased obviously, and the temperature remained between 20 ~ 30℃. After the curtain is covered, the indoor temperature drops gently, and the temperature is kept between 20 ~ 15℃ in the first half of the night and between 12 ~ 10℃ in the second half of the night, which is beneficial. The ground temperature should be kept above 65438 05℃. In the middle and late February, with the increase of temperature, sunshine hours and light intensity, the nutrients produced by plants will increase, and the temperature at night will also increase, from 22 ~ 16℃ in the first half of the night to 15 ~ 12℃ in the second half of the night, which is beneficial to the transportation of nutrients and the growth of melons.