Key points of ginger cultivation techniques 1. Ginger planting treatment
1. Sun-dried ginger: before sowing 1 month, the ten-day average temperature 10℃. Take out the stored ginger seeds, wash the soil with water, dry in the sun for 1-2 days, then put the planted ginger indoors for 3-4 days, and cover it with straw mats as trapped ginger. Sun-dried ginger and trapped ginger alternate 2-3 times, and then begin to sprout.
2. Seed selection: Choose healthy ginger slices that are fat, full, shiny, bright yellow, not frozen and free from pests and diseases as seeds.
3. Germination: Put ginger in a basket, keep warm with wheat straw, and put it in a warm place with air relative humidity of 80-85% and temperature of 22-28℃ to accelerate germination.
Second, soil preparation and fertilization
Select dry land with deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil, and plough it for 25-30cm after harvesting. Ridge with furrows before sowing, and sow in furrows in the east-west direction, with the furrow spacing of 50 cm and the furrow depth of 10 cm. The base fertilizer is applied into the fertilization ditch on the south side of the river ditch, and the soybean cake150-250kg, ammonium bicarbonate 30-40kg or decomposed manure1-1.5kg, plant ash150-200kg and calcium superphosphate 50kg are applied per mu.
Third, sow.
1, sowing date: that is, in the first half of April, the ground temperature is stable above 16℃.
2. Sowing amount: per square meter 1 kg.
3. Density: 7000-9000 plants per mu.
4. Sowing methods and techniques: Sowing in sunny and warm weather, each seed block keeps 1-2 short and strong buds, removes other weak buds, and removes diseased ginger with black cross section. When sowing, you should water along the ditch first. Put the seed buds into the ditch horizontally facing south or southeast, and gently press the seed blocks into the soil to make the ginger buds flush with the soil surface. Level the ditch surface and cover it with soil for 4-5cm. Conditional can use plastic film as a small arch shed to cover. Arch height 10- 15cm.
5. Shading: After sowing, insert straw into sparse flower buds or a row of oak branches (or corn stalks) on the south side of the river ditch to shade the river seedlings. The flower bud is 70-80cm high, slightly to the north. Conditionally use sunshade net to shade the sun.
6. Fertilizer and water management: after emergence, water can be poured 1-2 times, and then intertillage to conserve moisture. Don't be short of water at seedling stage. Water frequently in the morning and evening, 3-4 days before harvest 1 time. So the ginger pieces can be stored in the kiln with mud.
Fourth, pest control.
1, ginger rot: agricultural control measures should be taken as the main measure, supplemented by chemical control, the transmission route should be cut off, diseased plants should be pulled out, soil with bacteria should be dug out, and lime should be removed to control the occurrence and spread of the disease as much as possible.
2. Ginger leaf spot disease: pay attention to crop rotation to avoid continuous cropping of ginger fields. Use 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil WP 1000 times solution, or 500% polysulfide suspension, or 50% benomyl WP 1000 times solution 65438+.
3. Ginger borer: foliar spraying 40% EC 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1500 times, or 2.5% pyrethrin 1000 times.
4, ginger maggots: select ginger seeds and find that the murdered ginger is immediately eliminated. Soak ginger with 1.8% iverdin EC 1000 times solution for 5- 10 minute to prevent pests from spreading to the field.
How to grow ginger well
Key points of ginger cultivation techniques 1. Ginger planting treatment
1. Sun-dried ginger: before sowing 1 month, the ten-day average temperature 10℃. Take out the stored ginger seeds, wash the soil with water, dry in the sun for 1-2 days, then put the planted ginger indoors for 3-4 days, and cover it with straw mats as trapped ginger. Sun-dried ginger and trapped ginger alternate 2-3 times, and then begin to sprout.
2. Seed selection: Choose healthy ginger slices that are fat, full, shiny, bright yellow, not frozen and free from pests and diseases as seeds.
3. Germination: Put ginger in a basket, keep warm with wheat straw, and put it in a warm place with air relative humidity of 80-85% and temperature of 22-28℃ to accelerate germination.
Second, soil preparation and fertilization
Select dry land with deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil, and plough it for 25-30cm after harvesting. Ridge with furrows before sowing, and sow in furrows in the east-west direction, with the furrow spacing of 50 cm and the furrow depth of 10 cm. The base fertilizer is applied into the fertilization ditch on the south side of the river ditch, and the soybean cake150-250kg, ammonium bicarbonate 30-40kg or decomposed manure1-1.5kg, plant ash150-200kg and calcium superphosphate 50kg are applied per mu.
Third, sow.
1, sowing date: that is, in the first half of April, the ground temperature is stable above 16℃.
2. Sowing amount: per square meter 1 kg.
3. Density: 7000-9000 plants per mu.
4. Sowing methods and techniques: Sowing in sunny and warm weather, each seed block keeps 1-2 short and strong buds, removes other weak buds, and removes diseased ginger with black cross section. When sowing, you should water along the ditch first. Put the seed buds into the ditch horizontally facing south or southeast, and gently press the seed blocks into the soil to make the ginger buds flush with the soil surface. Level the ditch surface and cover it with soil for 4-5cm. Conditional can use plastic film as a small arch shed to cover. Arch height 10- 15cm.
5. Shading: After sowing, insert straw into sparse flower buds or a row of oak branches (or corn stalks) on the south side of the river ditch to shade the river seedlings. The flower bud is 70-80cm high, slightly to the north. Conditionally use sunshade net to shade the sun.
6. Fertilizer and water management: after emergence, water can be poured 1-2 times, and then intertillage to conserve moisture. Don't be short of water at seedling stage. Water frequently in the morning and evening, 3-4 days before harvest 1 time. So the ginger pieces can be stored in the kiln with mud.
Fourth, pest control.
1, ginger rot: agricultural control measures should be taken as the main measure, supplemented by chemical control, the transmission route should be cut off, diseased plants should be pulled out, soil with bacteria should be dug out, and lime should be removed to control the occurrence and spread of the disease as much as possible.
2. Ginger leaf spot disease: pay attention to crop rotation to avoid continuous cropping of ginger fields. Use 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil WP 1000 times solution, or 500% polysulfide suspension, or 50% benomyl WP 1000 times solution 65438+.
3. Ginger borer: foliar spraying 40% EC 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 1500 times, or 2.5% pyrethrin 1000 times.
4, ginger maggots: select ginger seeds and find that the murdered ginger is immediately eliminated. Soak ginger with 1.8% iverdin EC 1000 times solution for 5- 10 minute to prevent pests from spreading to the field.
How do you grow ginger at home?
Ginger (not vine)
A cultivated species of Zingiber in Zingiberaceae, whose scientific name is Dioscorea zingiberensis. )Rosc。 Perennial herbs. Alias Junjiang. Use rhizome as medicine. Distributed in the subtropical zone. China mainly produces Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, but also Zhejiang, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong and Shaanxi provinces.
Plant height is 50-80cm. The rhizome is thick, with transverse branches, light yellow surface, mango and spicy taste. Leaf blade lanceolate to linear lanceolate. Spikes, corolla tube yellow-green. Two varieties of medicinal ginger and vegetable ginger were formed. Huajiang is called yellow silk or yellow mouth ginger, which is the source of dried ginger. It is characterized by more starch, less cellulose, yellow section, less moisture, pungent smell, overlapping shapes, many branches and dense internodes.
Planting technique
I. Botanical characteristics
Ginger root system is underdeveloped and shallow, mainly distributed in the range of about 30 cm. The stem is a fleshy rhizome, and the axillary buds can differentiate once, twice and thrice. Secondary rhizomes are clustered into blocks. Generally, the more seedlings, the bigger the ginger pieces and the higher the yield. The aboveground stems are pseudostems formed by leaf sheaths, with a height of 70- 100 cm, and are upright and unbranched. Leaves lanceolate, sheathed, green, alternate leaves, arranged in two rows. Ginger can bloom in the tropics, with yellow-green or red flowers, which rarely bear fruit and reproduce by roots.
Second, the requirements for environmental conditions
Ginger likes warm and humid environmental conditions and can't stand low temperature frost. Germination begins above 16℃, the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 20-25℃, the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 25-28℃, and the growth stops below 15℃. The annual temperatures in Mudu, Zhuangke, Anahei and other village committees are basically above 15℃, and the lowest hot valley area is very suitable for the growth of ginger, and the yield is also relatively high.
Ginger prefers weak light to strong light. Leaves wither easily under strong light. There is an agricultural proverb called "ginger basking in the sword (new leaves) equals death". The requirement of sunshine length is not strict.
Ginger likes loam which is fertile and loose, rich in organic matter, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and slightly acidic in soil. Strict requirements for water, not early and not resistant to theft, premature exposure will cause stem and leaf withering, poor growth, high temperature and humidity, poor drainage and easy to cause disease. For the demand of three elements, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus is the least.
Three. Types and varieties
Rhizome nodes are many and dense, and there are many ginger slices, which are arranged in two or more layers. The representative varieties are Guangdong Miren fine meat ginger, Yuxi turmeric in our province and Xichou fine ginger. In addition, according to the skin color of ginger, it can be divided into white ginger, purple ginger, green ginger (also known as water ginger) and turmeric. Dioscorea longqing has medium growth and many branches, belonging to close planting type.
Fourth, cultivation techniques.
(1) Cultivation system and season: Ginger can be planted in net or intercropped. Longqing Dioscorea zingiberensis was generally planted in sericulture fields around Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Intercropping can be planted under tall crops, such as melons and beans, and can also be intercropped between rows of corn to provide shade.
(2) Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization: Ginger should avoid continuous cropping, and it is best to rotate with rice, onion and garlic, and choose loam or sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage. Ginger is afraid of strong light and should be planted in a suitable shade. Ginger has a long growth period, high yield and large amount of fertilizer. The agricultural fertilizer per mu is not less than 3000 kg, and 20 kg of artificial potassium sulfate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer to fully meet the nutritional needs of ginger. Borders are generally made into high borders.
(3) Seed selection and sowing: Before sowing, carefully select ginger seeds and remove moldy, rotten and withered ginger slices. It is better to choose ginger with 50- 100g and 1-2 strong buds for planting ginger. Large Jiang Ye can be planted, but the amount of seeds is large and the cost is high. It can be cut with a knife or opened by hand, but the wound should be disinfected with plant ash or lime before sowing. Before sowing, it is best to soak the seeds with chemicals to accelerate germination. Methods Ginger was spread and dried for 65,438+0-2 days, and then soaked in 65,438+0:1:65,438+020 Bordeaux solution for 65,438+00 minutes. Then, after the ginger is taken out, it is layered with wet sand, covered with a film with a thickness of about 30-40 cm, and the temperature is kept at 20-30. The amount of seeds used per mu is 300-500 kg.
Generally, the row spacing of ginger is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 26-30 cm, and the ditch depth is 10- 12 cm. Sowing in the pool can be carried out according to the plant spacing of 33 cm and the depth of the pool of 7-8 cm.
After digging ditches and ponds, put ginger seeds obliquely, arrange the buds in one direction, cover them with fully decomposed farm manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, with a thickness of 6-8 cm, and then cover them with a small amount of soil.
(4) Field management: After the ginger is discharged, the soil can sprout without watering, and the soil should be watered once when it is dry. ......
How to plant ginger with high yield
Master the growth habits of ginger and learn scientific vegetable management techniques. Search for vegetable and fruit growing tribes
Who knows how to grow ginger?
1. Preparation and methods of ginger before sowing
1. Preparation before broadcasting:
(1) Broken ginger seeds: When planting ginger to accelerate germination, ginger pieces are larger. Although some ginger areas have been broken before accelerated germination, they still need to be selected after germination. Therefore, before planting ginger, you should break more ginger pieces. The process of breaking ginger is essentially a process of selecting blocks and buds.
When ginger breaks its shell, it is generally required to keep only 1 short strong buds on each piece of ginger. According to the situation of young buds, several pieces of ginger can keep two strong buds, and all other young buds are removed, so that the nutrition of the main buds can be concentrated and the seedlings can flourish. When breaking ginger, if it is found that the bud base is black or the broken ginger section is brown, it should be strictly removed.
In addition to strong buds, the size of ginger pieces should also be considered. It has been proved by the author's experiments for many years that the appropriate seed block is about 75 grams.
It should also be noted that in order to facilitate management in the future, it can be graded according to the size of seed blocks and the strength of young buds, that is, put the fine ginger blocks with weak buds together, and put the fat ginger blocks with strong buds together. When planting, partition management should be carried out according to the growth situation.
(2) Pouring bottom water: Because ginger germinates slowly and takes a long time to emerge, if the soil moisture is insufficient, it will affect the emergence and growth of tender buds. In order to ensure the smooth excavation of buds, bottom water must be poured before sowing. Generally, after fertilizing in the ditch, water the bottom water once 1 ~ 2 hours before sowing, and the amount of water should not be too large, otherwise the ginger ridge will be soaked, which is not convenient for field operation.
2. Sowing method: After the bottom water seeps out, the prepared ginger seeds can be put into the ditch at a certain spacing. The placement method of ginger varies with ginger area. One is flat sowing, that is, ginger slices are placed horizontally in the ditch to keep the seedlings in the same direction. If the ditch runs east-west, the ginger buds will all face south; North-south ditch, buds all go west. After adding ginger slices, gently press them into the mud by hand to make the ginger buds flush with the soil surface. Then peel off some wet soil and cover it on the bud to prevent it from being burned by strong light. In this sowing method, the planted ginger is vertically connected with the new ginger mother, which is convenient for peeling the old ginger later. The second method is vertical sowing, that is, ginger slices are vertically inserted into the mud, and all ginger buds are upward. In this sowing method, the planted ginger is connected with the ginger mother on the new plant from top to bottom, so it is easy to damage the roots when peeling the ginger, which is inconvenient to operate.
In some ginger areas in the south, in order to pick ginger conveniently, ginger seeds are put upside down. Although this method is convenient to harvest ginger, it affects the unearthed buds and is not suitable for production.
Second, ginger should be planted reasonably close.
Reasonable close planting is an important measure to achieve high yield, but the determination of reasonable planting density is very complicated, which is influenced by many factors such as soil, fertilizer and water conditions, sowing date, sowing amount and field management level. For example, under the condition of high fertilizer and high water content, 7000 plants are planted per mu, the plants grow healthily and the population develops well, and the yield per mu can reach 3535.438+0 kg; However, under the condition of moderate fertilizer and water, 7000 plants are planted per mu, and the plants grow sturdily and the population is small, with an yield of 2948.3 kg per mu. The above phenomenon shows that the reasonable planting density is not fixed, and it should be determined according to local conditions and specific conditions. Usually, under the condition of fertile soil and rich water, stems and leaves are often lush and plants are tall, so the row spacing and plant spacing should be increased appropriately; On the contrary, under the condition of thin mountains and insufficient fertilizer and water, plants are often short, and the nutritional area should be reduced appropriately.
In northern China, the cultivation method of furrow planting and ridge planting is mostly adopted. According to the general soil fertility and management level of ginger fields, the suitable planting density of ginger can be roughly divided into three types for the reference of producers.
1. High-fertilizer paddy field: refers to a field with sufficient water resources, organic matter content above 2%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen above 100 ppm, available phosphorus above 40ppm and available potassium above 120 ppm. The row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 19 cm, and 6500 ~ 7000 plants can be planted per mu.
2. Middle-fat paddy field refers to a field with good irrigation conditions, which contains organic matter 1.2% ~ 2%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60 ~ 100 ppm, available phosphorus 15 ~ 40 ppm, available potassium 80 ~ 120 ppm, and the row spacing can be 50 cm.
3. Low-fat paddy field: refers to the field with general watering conditions, with organic matter below 1.2%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen below 60ppm, available phosphorus below 15 ppm and available potassium below 80ppm. The row spacing is 48-50 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and about 9000 plants can be planted per mu.
In the vigorous growth period of ginger, the maximum leaf area index should be kept at 5.5 ~ 6.5. ......
When is ginger planted? How to plant it?
The suitable sowing period is from early March to mid-April.
1. Preparation and methods of ginger before sowing
1. Preparation before broadcasting:
(1) Broken ginger seeds: When planting ginger to accelerate germination, ginger pieces are larger. Although some ginger areas have been broken before accelerated germination, they still need to be selected after germination. Therefore, before planting ginger, you should break more ginger pieces. The process of breaking ginger is essentially a process of selecting blocks and buds.
When ginger breaks its shell, it is generally required to keep only 1 short strong buds on each piece of ginger. According to the situation of young buds, several pieces of ginger can keep two strong buds, and all other young buds are removed, so that the nutrition of the main buds can be concentrated and the seedlings can flourish. When breaking ginger, if it is found that the bud base is black or the broken ginger section is brown, it should be strictly removed.
In addition to strong buds, the size of ginger pieces should also be considered. It has been proved by the author's experiments for many years that the appropriate seed block is about 75 grams.
It should also be noted that in order to facilitate management in the future, it can be graded according to the size of seed blocks and the strength of young buds, that is, put the fine ginger blocks with weak buds together, and put the fat ginger blocks with strong buds together. When planting, partition management should be carried out according to the growth situation.
(2) Pouring bottom water: Because ginger germinates slowly and takes a long time to emerge, if the soil moisture is insufficient, it will affect the emergence and growth of tender buds. In order to ensure the smooth excavation of buds, bottom water must be poured before sowing. Generally, after fertilizing in the ditch, water the bottom water once 1 ~ 2 hours before sowing, and the amount of water should not be too large, otherwise the ginger ridge will be soaked, which is not convenient for field operation.
2. Sowing method: After the bottom water seeps out, the prepared ginger seeds can be put into the ditch at a certain spacing. The placement method of ginger varies with ginger area. One is flat sowing, that is, ginger slices are placed horizontally in the ditch to keep the seedlings in the same direction. If the ditch runs east-west, the ginger buds will all face south; North-south ditch, buds all go west. After adding ginger slices, gently press them into the mud by hand to make the ginger buds flush with the soil surface. Then peel off some wet soil and cover it on the bud to prevent it from being burned by strong light. In this sowing method, the planted ginger is vertically connected with the new ginger mother, which is convenient for peeling the old ginger later. The second method is vertical sowing, that is, ginger slices are vertically inserted into the mud, and all ginger buds are upward. In this sowing method, the planted ginger is connected with the ginger mother on the new plant from top to bottom, so it is easy to damage the roots when peeling the ginger, which is inconvenient to operate.
In some ginger areas in the south, in order to pick ginger conveniently, ginger seeds are put upside down. Although this method is convenient to harvest ginger, it affects the unearthed buds and is not suitable for production.
How to grow ginger
My family bought ginger from the market and buried it in the soil. It will germinate after a while.
When is ginger planted? How to plant it?
Jiang likes warm and humid environmental conditions and is not resistant to low temperature frost. Germination begins above 16℃, the suitable temperature for seedling growth is 20~25℃, the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 25~28℃, and the growth stops below 15℃. The annual temperatures in Mudu, Zhuangke, Anahei and other village committees are basically above 15℃, and the lowest hot valley area is very suitable for the growth of ginger, and the yield is also relatively high.
Ginger prefers weak light to strong light. Leaves wither easily under strong light. There is an agricultural proverb called "ginger basking in the sword (new leaves) equals death". The requirement of sunshine length is not strict.
Ginger likes the slightly acidic soil which is fertile and loose, rich in organic matter and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Strict requirements for water, neither drought nor humidity tolerance, drought will cause stem and leaf withering, poor growth, high temperature and high humidity, poor drainage and easy to cause disease. For the demand of three elements, potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus is the least.
Three. Types and varieties
Rhizome nodes are many and dense, and there are many ginger slices, which are arranged in two or more layers. The representative varieties are Guangdong Miren fine meat ginger, Yuxi turmeric in our province and Xichou fine ginger. In addition, according to the skin color of ginger, it can be divided into white ginger, purple ginger, green ginger (also known as water ginger) and turmeric. Dioscorea longqing has medium growth and many branches, belonging to close planting type.
Fourth, cultivation techniques.
(1) Cultivation system and season: Ginger can be planted in net or intercropped. Longqing Dioscorea zingiberensis was generally planted in sericulture fields around Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Intercropping can be planted under tall crops, such as melons and beans, and can also be intercropped between rows of corn to provide shade.
(2) Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization: Ginger should avoid continuous cropping, and it is best to rotate with rice, onion and garlic, and choose loam or sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage. Ginger is afraid of strong light and should be planted in a suitable shade. Ginger has a long growth period, high yield and large amount of fertilizer. The agricultural fertilizer per mu is not less than 3000 kg, and 20 kg of artificial potassium sulfate or 30 kg of compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer to fully meet the nutritional needs of ginger. Borders are generally made into high borders.
(3) Seed selection and sowing: Before sowing, carefully select ginger seeds and remove moldy, rotten and withered ginger slices. It is better to choose ginger with 50- 100g and 1-2 strong buds for planting ginger. Large Jiang Ye can be planted, but the amount of seeds is large and the cost is high. It can be cut with a knife or opened by hand, but the wound should be disinfected with plant ash or lime before sowing. Before sowing, it is best to soak the seeds with chemicals to accelerate germination. Methods Ginger was spread and dried for 65,438+0-2 days, and then soaked in 65,438+0:1:65,438+020 Bordeaux solution for 65,438+00 minutes. Then, after the ginger is taken out, it is layered with wet sand, covered with a film with a thickness of about 30-40 cm, and the temperature is kept at 20-30. The amount of seeds used per mu is 300-500 kg.
Generally, the row spacing of ginger is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 26-30 cm, and the ditch depth is 10- 12 cm. Sowing in the pool can be carried out according to the plant spacing of 33 cm and the depth of the pool of 7-8 cm.
After digging ditches and ponds, put ginger seeds obliquely, arrange the buds in one direction, cover them with fully decomposed farm manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer, with a thickness of 6-8 cm, and then cover them with a small amount of soil.
(4) Field management: After ginger is discharged, if the soil is wet, it can germinate without watering. If the soil is dry, water it once, but not too much. After germination, water according to soil moisture and plant appearance. Early watering and late watering should be advocated in high temperature period, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season.
During the growth period, ginger should be cultivated by intertillage and forced fertilization for many times. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, it is suitable for intertillage weeding cultivation. Top dressing is mainly human excrement and urine, and the cultivation is 3 cm. With the increase of tillering, each seedling should be forced to apply fertilizer once, and the thickness of soil cultivation should be 3-4 times without burying the seedling tips, so that the original planting ditch can be turned into a ridge. Soil culture can inhibit excessive tillering and make ginger slices hypertrophy.
Ginger is afraid of strong light, so it is feasible to interplant corn or beans, or put it in a shade shed or insert branches and wormwood stems for shade.
(5) Pest control: The pest is corn borer, and the disease is mainly ginger rot, which mainly harms leaves and roots, especially at high temperature. Prevention and control methods: rotation, disease-free ginger, irrigation, to prevent water from the diseased areas. The pesticide can be used once every 7- 10 days, which is 800 times that of 50% zineb.
In what month do you grow ginger?
I. Requirements for environmental conditions
1, Temperature: Ginger is native to tropical China and East Indies, and likes to be warm, so the growth of rhizome (ginger block) needs higher temperature. It can germinate above 16 ~ 18℃, and ginger grows rapidly at 20 ~ 27℃, with an average monthly temperature of 24 ~ 29℃, which is most suitable for rhizome meristem growth. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the growth will stop, and when it reaches 40℃, the germination will not be hindered. But below 10℃, ginger is easy to rot.
2, light: ginger is resistant to shade but not to strong sunshine, and the requirements for the length of sunshine are not strict. Therefore, when planting, we should build a shade shed or use intercropping crops for proper shade to avoid strong sunlight.
3. Moisture: The root system of ginger is underdeveloped, and its drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance are poor, so the requirements for moisture are particularly particular. Too dry or too wet soil during the growing period is not conducive to the growth and expansion of ginger slices, and it is easy to cause diseases and rot.
4. Soil nutrition: Ginger likes fertile and loose loam or sandy loam, and it does not grow well in low-lying areas with heavy viscosity and high water content, and does not grow well in poor land with poor water retention. Ginger needs potassium fertilizer the most, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer the least.
Second, the cultivation techniques
(1) Ginger planting treatment:
1. Seed selection and disinfection: In last year's reserved field, ginger pieces of healthy plants were selected for harvesting and storage. Before sowing, select ginger blocks with flat shape, good color, short and fat internodes and no pests and diseases, and soak them in plant ash solution for disinfection 15 ~ 20 minutes to prevent the spread of rot (ginger blast). During seed selection and disinfection, it was found that ginger slices were stained with water and the epidermis was easy to fall off, indicating that they had been infected with diseases and must be eliminated.
2. Sun-dried seeds to accelerate germination: In order to germinate quickly and orderly, about a week before sowing, choose sunny days, turn over the seeds for a few days, make the ginger skins dry and white, put them in a laundry basket with straw, and put them layer by layer, so that their heads are inward and their feet are outward. Then cover them with straw curtains or straw, tie them tightly with ropes, put them on the top of the stove, and heat them with hot smoke from firewood to keep them. It can also be placed in a greenhouse or plastic shed, keeping the temperature above 20℃ to accelerate germination. After accelerated germination, cut ginger into small pieces, each with 1 ~ 2 buds, and then sow with plant ash.
(2) Soil preparation and fertilization
Ginger likes fertile soil with deep soil layer and rich humus. Because ginger has few roots and a small distribution range, the land where ginger is planted must be deeply ploughed and exposed to the sun to make it weathered and loose, which is conducive to the growth and development of roots. Ginger has a high yield and a long growth period, which requires a lot of fertilizer. Apply 2000 ~ 2500 kg of decomposed cattle and pigsty fertilizer per mu, or use 70 ~ 80 tons of concentrated human and animal manure as base fertilizer, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer can be added if conditions permit. Ginger is not suitable for continuous cropping, and should be rotated with other vegetables for more than 3 years to prevent ginger blight.
(3) sowing and cultivation
1, sowing:
(1) Sowing date: Sowing in late April to early May, and early and middle March is suitable for low-heat valley areas. Germinated or cultivated with plastic film can be advanced appropriately.
(2) Sowing amount: The size of seed block has a great relationship with yield. Using large pieces of ginger as seeds not only has the advantages of early emergence, fast growth and early maturity, but also has high yield, so it is appropriate to plant 50 ~ 100g of ginger per piece. If the row spacing of field cultivation is 50 × 15cm, 150 ~ 250 kg of ginger seeds can be used per mu. Although more seeds are used, ginger seeds can be recycled in the future.
2. Cultivation methods
In order to prevent the rhizome from appearing on the ground and reducing the quality during the growth process, deep sowing must be carried out properly during cultivation. The culture method is as follows.
(1) High-box cultivation method: the land is leveled and ditched to make a high and narrow box with a box width of 1.2m and a ditch width of 30cm, and three planting ditches are evenly arranged in each box. After applying base fertilizer and mixing with soil, plant spacing is 15 ~ 18cm, and 8000 ~ plants can be planted per mu. This method can enhance soil permeability, raise soil temperature and prevent water from rotting roots in areas with flat terrain and high groundwater level (such as rice fields).
(2) Ridge farming method: plow and rake the land, and do not make boxes. The planting ditch is furrowed with 50 cm row spacing and applied with base fertilizer. After mixing with soil, plant with the row spacing of 15 ~ 20 cm, and then cultivate the soil to make ridges. This method can plant about 8000 plants per mu, which is suitable for planting in terraced fields or sloping fields with low groundwater level and good ventilation.
When sowing, if the seeds germinate, the buds should be placed upward, and the seeds that have not germinated can be placed horizontally or obliquely. After sowing, cover 5 ~ 6 cm thick fine soil to make it emerge as soon as possible.
(4) Site management
1. Build a shed for shade: ginger is afraid of the scorching sun. ......