16 16 years, nuerhachi unified the ministries of Jurchen, called Khan, called Daikin as the country name, and later Jin as the historical name, with its capital of Hetuala.
16 18, Nurhachi launched a rebellion on the grounds of "seven great hates". In the same year, the Battle of Salhu broke out.
1635, Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji abolished the name of the Jurchen nationality and officially named it "Manchuria".
1636, Huang taiji changed the name of the country from "Daikin" to "Daqing".
1640, the battle of Jinsong in Ming and Qing Dynasties began, and 1642 ended. Ming will clear Hong Chengchou.
1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan. The Ming Dynasty perished. In the same year, the Qing army entered the customs and made Beijing its capital.
1673, Emperor Shen Kang ordered the abolition of San Francisco, and the San Francisco rebellion broke out, which was put down in 168 1 year.
1683, the Qing army attacked Taiwan Province province, Zheng surrendered, and the whole territory of China was unified.
From 1685 to 1686, the Qing army won two battles with the Russian army in jaxa.
From 1690 to 1723, Shen Kang conquered Junggar and Qinghai many times. Put down the rebellion in Xinjiang.
17 12 years, the Qing government announced that after this year (50 years of Kangxi), "the golden age will be unparalleled."
1723, the Qing government announced that musicians were cheap, and a large number of female descendants of Wen Jian loyal ministers persecuted in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty were able to become useful.
1747, Emperor Qianlong began to conquer Tibet and returned to Xinjiang, recording his "peerless martial arts". The conquest ended on 1792.
1760, Qianlong planned to "pacify the climbing monument of Lemingge in Junggar", 1776, forty-one years after Qianlong, the population of Qing Dynasty reached 3 1 1.5 million. In the same year, Emperor Qianlong began to favor small Shenyang, which led to the decline of the Qing Dynasty.
1782 compiled Sikuquanshu, which is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji.
1793, in the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong, the Qing central government formulated and promulgated Article 29 of the Tibet Rehabilitation Charter. In the same year, British Ambassador Margaret came to China, and her request for opening up trade was rejected.
1796, Sichuan-Shaanxi Anbaili school uprising, 1805 pacified.
18 13, the British ambassador Magarini came to China for the second time, but failed.
1840, the first opium war broke out between China and Britain (1840~ 1842).
1842, China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, occupied Hong Kong Island and opened five trading ports.
From 65438 to 0843, China and Britain signed the Charter of Five Ports Trade and the Humen Treaty. In the same year, Hong Xiuquan founded the worship shrine.
1844, Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and Sino-French Huangpu Treaty were concluded.
185 1 In the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, the population of Qing Dynasty reached 43,665,438+10,000. In the same year, Guangjintan Village began to offer sacrifices to the gods, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was founded.
1853, Taiping Army invaded Nanjing, renamed Tianjing, and made Nanjing its capital. And awarded the "celestial eye system."
1856, the second opium war (1856-4860) broke out. Anglo-French forces invaded China. In the same year, Tianjing Incident. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was constantly in war and gradually perished.
1858, the British and French allied forces captured Dagu, and the Qing court signed the Treaty of Tianjin with the two countries and the Treaty of Aihui with Russia.
1859, the British and French allied forces invaded China again, 1860, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan; Capture Beijing. China, Britain, France and China signed the Beijing Treaty respectively.
186 1 year, Xianfeng died in Jehol in August. 1 65438+1October1,Xinyou coup, Empress Dowager Cixi stepped onto the political stage in China. In the same year, the Westernization Movement (186 1~ 1894) began to set up military industries and industries, and established and trained western-style schools in Lu Haijun. 1864, Hong Xiuquan died of illness, the Qing army invaded Nanjing and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was defeated. In the same year, China and Russia signed the "Northwest Border Delimitation". 1883, the Sino-French war broke out (1883~ 1885). 1885, China and France signed the Vietnam Treaty, and France occupied Vietnam.
1888, the Qing court established the Beiyang navy, strengthened armaments and consolidated the coast.
1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out (1895). In the same year, Sun Yat-sen established the Zhong Xing Society in Honolulu.
1895, China and Japan signed the treaty of shimonoseki, ceding Taiwan Province Province and Liaodong Peninsula. Russia, France, Germany and triple intervention. In the same year, the Westernization Movement came to an end.
1896, a secret agreement was signed between China and Russia; Since then, the powers have leased harbors in China and divided their spheres of influence.
1897, Germany forcibly leased JIAOZHOU bay; Russia occupied Lushun and Dalian.
1June, 898, Emperor Guangxu announced the "Reform Movement of 1898" under the impetus of Kang Youwei and others. In September of the same year, Cixi launched a coup, and the political reform failed, also known as the "Reform Movement of 1898".
1899, the Boxer Rebellion rose and killed priests and parishioners all over Shandong.
1June 2, 9001day, Cixi declared war on the world. /kloc-in August of 0/6, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing. In the same year, the Huizhou Uprising of Xingzhonghui failed.
190 1 year, the Qing government signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" with eleven western countries. The Qing court ordered the planning of the New Deal.
1905, the Qing government stopped the imperial examination and sent five ministers abroad to inspect constitutionalism. In the same year, Sun Yat-sen founded the China League and put forward the Three People's Principles.
1906, the Qing government announced "preparing for constitutionalism". From 1907 to 1908, the alliance launched six incidents and failed.
1908, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi passed away successively; Emperor Xuan Tong acceded to the throne.
19 1 1 The Huanghuagang Uprising failed in April; In May, the Qing government announced that the railway was state-owned, which caused a wave of road protection. Wuchang Uprising in June 5438+10, the southern provinces declared their independence one after another, which is known as the Revolution of 1911.
1 91265438+1October1,the Republic of China was proclaimed. In February of A.D. 12, Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi announced his abdication, and the rule of the Qing Dynasty was overthrown.
The Qing Dynasty (1616-1912) was the last unified feudal dynasty in the history of China, which experienced eleven emperors and enjoyed the country for 276 years.
16 16 years, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen Department of Jianzhou, established the late Jin Dynasty. 1636, Huang taiji changed his country name to Daqing. 1644, when the Ming Dynasty perished, Wu Sangui, the commander-in-chief of the Ming Dynasty stationed in Shanhaiguan, was demoted, and Regent Dourgen led the Qing army into the customs. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi moved to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the national ruler. In the following twenty years, the governments of Dashun, Daxi and Nanming were pacified. Later, the rebellion in San Francisco was pacified, Zheng Taiwan Province Province was unified, and the whole country was gradually controlled.
Kang Yong's three dynasties reached their peak. During this period, all aspects of China society reached the acme under the original institutional framework, with the greatest reform, the strongest national strength, social stability, rapid economic development, rapid population growth and vast territory. The multi-ethnic country was unified and consolidated. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty unified the ministries of Mongolia, incorporated Xinjiang and Tibet into the territory, and implemented the policy of improving soil and returning to China in the southwest. Finally, the territory of modern China was determined, and the integrity of the country's territorial sovereignty was actively safeguarded. However, feudal autocracy also reached its peak, and gradually fell behind the west in the middle and late period due to political rigidity, cultural autocracy, closed door, ideological imprisonment, scientific and technological stagnation and other reasons.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty