1. Epigastric pain
The most common symptom is epigastric pain, which most patients with chronic superficial gastritis have. Most epigastric pain is irregular and not related to diet. The pain is usually diffuse epigastric burning, vague pain, distension and so on. Symptoms are often aggravated by eating cold, hard, spicy or other irritating foods, and a few are related to climate change.
2. Bloating
Patients with chronic superficial gastritis often have bloating. It is often caused by retained food in the stomach, delayed emptying, and indigestion.
3. Belching
Patients have belching. It indicates an increase of gas in the stomach, which is expelled through the esophagus, giving temporary relief of epigastric fullness.
4. Recurrent bleeding
is a common symptom. The cause of bleeding is an acute inflammatory change in the gastric mucosa complicating the chronic superficial gastritis.
5. Other
Loss of appetite, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, constipation or diarrhea.
6. Signs
Upper abdominal pressure on examination, and in a few patients there may be wasting and anemia.
Examination
1. Gastroscopy
is the main method of diagnosing chronic superficial gastritis.
2. Helicobacter pylori examination
The positive rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic superficial gastritis is as high as 70% to 90%, which can be examined through gastroscopy by taking the gastric mucous membrane tissues, and also by checking for antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in the patient's blood. It can also be checked before and after anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in superficial gastritis as one of the tracing indicators.
Diagnosis
Patients can be suspected of having chronic superficial gastritis mainly based on symptoms such as fullness and pain in the upper abdomen after meals. Confirmation of the diagnosis depends mainly on gastroscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy.
This disease needs to be differentiated from peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal neurosis, and chronic biliary tract disease.
Treatment
Most of the symptoms of chronic superficial gastritis can disappear on their own, and the lesions can be completely recovered after several months or years.
1. Eliminate the causes of the disease
such as quitting smoking and alcohol, reducing salt intake; correcting bad eating habits, avoiding diets that irritate the stomach, eating a soft and easily digestible diet, and avoiding overly rough, overly strong spices, and overly hot, overly cold diets. Eat less salted, smoked, not fresh food; as well as stop taking certain drugs that stimulate the gastric mucosa, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin; there is a chronic infection foci in the nasal cavity and pharynx should be removed.
2. Pharmacological treatment
(1) to protect the gastric mucosa drugs commonly used drugs are colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS), aluminum thiosulfate, Simethicone, mazurin-S, aluminum hydroxide gel, gastric membrane and cover the stomach and so on.
(2) Adjustment of gastrointestinal motor function drugs epigastric fullness and bloating with gastrodin or domperidone, etc.. Hiccups, bloating or have reflux phenomenon is the main person, can use gastric power drugs, such as gastrodin, morcellators, mosapride.
(3) antibiotics if gastroscopy found positive Helicobacter pylori, should take antibiotics, clarithromycin, hydroxybenzylpenicillin and so on, have the effect of removing Hp, generally can choose two, often with gastric mucosa protector and acidifier joint application.
(4) acid-making agent commonly used drugs are cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide gel, cover the stomach and so on.
(5) Painkillers for heavier epigastric pain can be orally atropine, probenecid, belladonna tablets or 654-2 to reduce gastric acid secretion and relieve abdominal pain syndrome.