Causes of soccer injuries

(1) injuries of intense competition, the game due to the intense scrambling, fast running and shoveling the ball, easy to occur in the thigh and calf muscle strains and muscle fiber rupture. Sudden change of body position, sudden twisting of the calf, adduction or abduction are all causes of knee and hip ligaments as well as bone injuries.

(2) due to the indirect effect of the ball injury: this injury occurs in the lower limbs. For example, when kicking the ball with the outside of the foot, it is easy to damage the anterior talofibular ligament, which is the longest ankle injury; when kicking the ball with the inside of the foot forefoot, the knee joint, because of the position of flexion, the calf suddenly due to the role of the ball and the adduction of external rotation, it is easy to cause injury to the lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint, the meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligaments. Especially when it happens with the opposing athletes? The foot is not the same as the foot of the opponent. case, the leg muscles due to the lack of force, it is also easy to cause the inner and outer collateral ligament tear injury, sometimes the quadriceps muscle contraction is too fierce, but also cause the quadriceps muscle, rectus femoris muscle belly or tendon membrane tear injury.

(3) ball impact injuries: such as facial abrasions, contusions, abdominal contusions (rupture of the liver and spleen, gastrointestinal tract contusions), scrotum and testicular contusions. But the most typical and common injury is the goalkeeper's finger injuries, such as thumb, index finger or other fingers and ligament involvement or joint dislocation.

(4) kick injuries: the game of . When the size of the leg is often by the opponent's sneakers, knee and calf kicking, causing muscle contusion, subcutaneous hematoma, muscle rupture (most commonly muscle quadriceps injury) as well as bone injuries (such as tibia fracture or tibia traumatic periostitis) and so on.

(5) fall injury: in the athletes compete for the top, rushing or running suddenly lost their center of gravity and fell, especially in the cinder block field, dirt field is most likely to cause bruises, serious traumatic bursitis (knee and elbow), patellar fracture, vertebral fracture, cerebral hemorrhage, concussion and so on. Falls on artificial turf will also appear hot brain injury and skin infection.

(6) other chronic injuries: in addition to the above, soccer players will also occur because of strain and chronic injuries, such as ankle anterior and posterior osteophytes, phalangeal osteitis and chondromalacia of the patella. Patellar strain manifests itself as luxation of the patellar cartilage and fat pad.

Protection against soccer injuries

I. Muscle spasms

Commonly known as cramps, mostly caused by cold stimulation, excessive loss of electrolytes, continuous muscle contraction too fast or fatigue. Symptoms are stiffness and pain in the spasming muscles, and dysfunction in the flexion and extension of the joints involved in the spasming muscles.

Treatment

1, traction in the opposite direction of the spasm of the muscle

2, kneading spasm of the muscle

3, pointing and pressing the local acupoints

Preventive measures

1, to improve the body's ability to cold tolerance and Endurance

2, before exercise must do a good job of preparatory activities

3, winter exercise, pay attention to keep warm

4, summer exercise, pay attention to electrolyte supplementation

5, fatigue or hunger should not be strenuous exercise

6, swimming in the water should be used to swim the whole body rinsed with cold water before entering the water

two, Muscle strain

The most common strain of the posterior thigh muscles, thigh muscles, waist and back muscles, rectus abdominis, calf triceps, upper arm muscle strain can also be seen.

The causes are: improper preparation, poor muscle elasticity and strength, fatigue or overloading, too violent or rough movements, too low temperature and humidity, sudden passive overstretching and sudden over-exertion, and so on. The performance of localized swelling and pain, muscle spasm and hardness, dysfunction, muscle contraction resistance test is positive. strong> Preventive measures

1, adequate preparatory activities

2, strengthen the injury-prone parts of the muscle strength and flexibility exercises

3, reasonable arrangement of the amount of exercise

4, correct and improve the shortcomings of the technology and movement

Third, the common closed soft tissue injuries ( Sprains)

1, acute closed soft tissue injuries

Acute injuries are injuries caused by a single act of violence. Generally can clearly describe the time, place, location and movement of the injury and other characteristics. Treatment principle staging: early, intermediate, late

A. Early treatment principle and method:

B. Intermediate treatment principle and method:

Time: after 24～48H

Characteristics: bleeding stops, still bruising and swelling, granulation tissue generation, scar formation.

Treatment principles and methods: improve blood and lymphatic circulation, dissipate stasis and swelling, accelerate tissue repair. Heat therapy, massage, acupuncture, fire cupping and so on.

C. Later treatment principles and methods:

Characteristics: clinical signs have basically disappeared, but the function has not been fully restored.

Treatment principles and methods: enhance and restore muscle and joint function. If there is scarring, it should be softened and loosened. Heat therapy, massage, fire cupping, medication, and external fumigation with traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the corresponding rehabilitation treatment.

2, chronic closed soft tissue injury treatment

Chronic injury is due to repeated accumulation of microscopic injuries, or acute injury caused by improper treatment. This type of injury requires a physician to diagnose and provide long-term reasonable treatment advice, the principle of treatment is: improve blood circulation, promote metabolism, reasonable training, standardized treatment.

Four, shock

(This part of the treatment requires considerable professional knowledge, a brief introduction is only to increase knowledge)

Shock is the body due to a variety of harmful factors of strong attack and lead to a reduction in the amount of effective circulating blood, the main organs and tissues of the blood perfusion caused by the lack of a serious systemic syndrome.

(I) causes and principles

Shock has many causes, shock complication in sports injury is mainly traumatic shock, followed by hemorrhagic shock. The pathogenesis of shock is the lack of effective circulating blood volume, causing poor perfusion of systemic tissues and blood flow, resulting in tissue ischemia and hypoxia, metabolic disorders and organ dysfunction (including cardiovascular, cerebral, pulmonary, renal, and other vital organ dysfunction).

(2) First aid:

First aid should be given as soon as possible to patients in shock. The patient should be quickly made to lie down and rest quietly. The patient's position generally take the head and trunk elevated 10 degrees, the lower extremities of the fetal height of about 20 degrees of position, which can increase the amount of return blood and improve the cerebral blood flow. Loosen clothing, keep the airway open, remove secretions or foreign objects from the mouth, and keep the patient warm, but not overheated, so as not to dilate the skin, resulting in an increase in the volume of the vascular bed, which reduces the amount of returned blood, affecting the blood perfusion of vital organs and increasing oxygen consumption. In the hot environment should pay attention to the prevention of heatstroke, while trying not to move the patient; if the casualty is unconscious, the head should be sideways, and the tongue will be pulled out of the mouth, if necessary, oxygen and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.

These are general anti-shock measures, because shock is a serious, life-threatening pathology, so in the first aid at the same time, should quickly ask the doctor or timely hospital treatment. The patient in shock should be avoided as much as possible to carry bumps.

Fifth, motor syncope

Definition: movement, due to insufficient blood supply to the brain and the occurrence of a momentary loss of consciousness for motor syncope.

Cause: strenuous exercise or prolonged exercise, a large amount of blood accumulation in the lower limbs, the return blood flow is reduced, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain and the emergence of syncope.

Symptoms: generalized weakness before the eyes for a moment black, pale, cold hands and feet, unconsciousness and fainting; slow and weak pulse, slow breathing, lowered blood pressure.

Symptoms:

1, syncope precursor symptoms? Dizziness, tinnitus, blackness in front of the eyes, nausea, sweating, pallor

2. Symptoms during fainting? Loss of consciousness, pallor, cold hands and feet, slow pulse, slow breathing

3. Symptoms after waking up? Dizziness, weakness

Treatment:

1, lie on your back with your feet slightly higher than your head;

2, loosen the collar, belt, and pay attention to warmth;

3, pinch the Renzhong acupoints and sniff ammonia when you are unconscious;

4, drink hot sugar and hot water after waking up, and lie down, warmth, and rest fully.

Prevention:

1, do not participate in strenuous exercise in the case of hunger;

2, do not stop immediately after sprinting;

3, do not suddenly get up after a long squatting;

4, usually to strengthen the physical exercise, in order to enhance the physical condition.

5, usually to improve the level of vasomotor function

6, there is a syncope precursor symptoms should be immediately prone to head down or lie down

six, fracture

in the role of external forces, the continuity or integrity of the bone was destroyed called fracture.

1. fracture causes

direct violence indirect violence cumulative strain

2. fracture of the first aid

first aid principles: protection of the wound, fixation of the fracture, to prevent shock

first aid for soccer injuries

Abrasions

Abrasions: the epidermal abrasions of the skin.

Treatment: If the abrasion is shallow, just apply a red solution; if the abrasion is dirty or oozing blood, use saline to clean the wound and then apply a red solution or purple solution.

Muscle Strain

Muscle Strain: This is an injury caused by the tearing of muscle fibers. It is mainly caused by over-exercise or insufficient warm-up, and the severity of the injury can be determined by the level of pain.

Treatment: Once the pain should immediately stop the movement, and in the painful point of ice or cold towels, keep 30 minutes, in order to make the small blood vessel contraction, reduce local congestion, edema. The first thing you need to do is to avoid rubbing and applying hot compresses to the area.

Contusion

Contusion: Tissue damage caused by localized blunt force blows to the body.

Treatment: mild injuries do not require special treatment, after 24 hours of treatment with cold compresses can be used to activate blood stasis ting agent, the local can be used to wound dampness and pain relief cream on the first day after the injury to be cold, the second day of hot compresses. About a week later can be absorbed and disappear. The heavier contusion can be used Yunnan Baiyao plus white wine dressing wound and bandage, every other day to change the medicine, 2-3 times a day, plus physical therapy.

Acute lumbar sprain

Sprain: due to the joint part of the sudden over-twisting, twisting the ligaments and tendons attached to the outside of the joints caused. It occurs in the ankle joint, knee joint, wrist joint and waist, different parts of the sprain, the treatment is different.

Treatment: You can let the patient lie on his back on a thickly padded wooden bed, a pillow under the waist, first cold compresses, and then hot compresses.

Joint sprains

Joint sprains: due to the joint part of the sudden and violent twist, twisting the ligaments and tendons attached to the outside of the joints caused. Most of them occur in the ankle, knee, wrist and waist, different parts of the sprain, the treatment is also different.

Treatment: ankle, knee, wrist sprain, the sprained part of the pad high, the first cold compress 2-3 days and then hot compress. If the sprained part of the swelling, skin bruising and pain, can be used half a catty of vinegar stewed hot with a towel dipped in the wound, 2-3 times a day, 10 minutes each time.

Dislocation

Dislocation: that is, joint dislocation.

Treatment: Once dislocation occurs, the patient should be asked to keep quiet, do not move, and do not rub the dislocated part. If the dislocated part in the shoulder, the patient's elbow can be bent at a right angle, and then the forearm and elbow with a triangle towel to support, hanging in the neck, and then a broadband wrapped around the brain, in the opposite side of the brain as a knot. If the dislocation is in the hip, the patient should be taken to the hospital immediately on a soft bed.

Open fracture

Open fracture: the tip of the bone passes through the skin and there is a wound to the outside world.

Treatment: Do not use the hand back, so as not to cause osteomyelitis, should be sterilized gauze on the wound for the initial bandage, stop the bleeding, and then fixed with a flat wooden plate sent to the hospital for treatment.

Notes on fracture

1, after the fracture of the limb is unstable, easy to move, will aggravate the injury and severe pain, you can look for wooden boards, plastic boards, etc. will be the upper and lower joints of the fracture part of the limb fixed up. If you can't find external fixation materials, the fracture in the upper limb, you can flex the elbow joint fixed on the trunk;

2, the fracture in the lower limb, you can straighten the legs and feet, fixed on the opposite side of the limb. Suspected spinal fracture, need to lie down early in the door or stretcher, the torso around the clothes, sheets and other cushions, do not move, can not lift the head of the injured, which will cause injury to the injured spinal cord or paraplegia.

3, unconscious people should lie down, head turned to the side, so as not to vomit vomit into the lungs.

4, suspected cervical fracture, need to be placed on both sides of the head and neck of a pillow or support the patient's head and neck, so as not to shake in transit.

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