Planting time: The sowing time varies with seasons. Tomatoes are planted in February-May in spring and July-September in autumn and winter. Temperature: The optimum temperature for germination is 25-30℃, and the optimum temperature for seedling is 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. Lighting: Sufficient lighting is needed at seedling stage and suitable lighting is needed at fruiting stage. Moisturizing: just keep the soil moist, and don't drown it with water.

First, tomato cultivation techniques

1, planting time

(1) The planting time of spring tomatoes is from February to May.

(2) Plant tomatoes in autumn and winter, and plant them from July to September.

(3) The planting time of tomato in winter and spring is from June 165438+ 10 to February of the following year.

2. Planting conditions

(1) temperature

① The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25-30℃, the lowest germination temperature is 1 1℃, and the highest is 35℃.

② The suitable temperature for seedling stage is 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night.

③ The daytime temperature is 25-30℃, and at night it is 13- 17℃, which is lower than 15℃ and higher than 35℃, which is not conducive to tomato flowering and fruit setting.

(2) Lighting

(1) Generally, light is not needed during germination.

(2) Sufficient light is needed at seedling stage, and insufficient light will affect flower bud differentiation and flower pollination.

(3) Appropriate light is needed in the fruiting period. If the light is insufficient, there will be less fruit setting, which will affect the yield. If the light is too strong, it will cause sunburn to the fruit.

(3) Moisture

The growth rate at seedling stage is fast, and the soil should not be too wet, so it is necessary to control the watering amount, but it should be watered frequently during flowering and fruiting period, generally about 10 day 1 time. Note: it is not allowed to drown with water, which may easily lead to the death of retting roots.

(4) Soil

Tomatoes have low requirements on soil, and can be planted in loam or sandy loam with thick soil layer, good drainage and strong air permeability.

(5) Nutritional components

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 2: 1: 2. During flowering and fruit setting, it is required to supplement nitrogen fertilizer in time to ensure growth. Applying potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion can promote fruit development, expansion and coloring, and applying phosphorus fertilizer at seedling stage can promote flower bud differentiation.

3, processing seeds

(1) Seeds need to be soaked in warm water, which can not only break the dormancy of seeds, promote germination, but also kill bacteria.

(2) Soak the seeds in clean water for 1-2 hours, then put the seeds in warm water with the water temperature of 20-60℃ and keep stirring. When the water temperature drops, add water to raise the temperature for about 15 minutes. Then continue to soak the seeds for 3-5 hours, then take them out and drain them to sow.

4. Soil preparation and fertilization

(1) Turn over the soil in autumn: Turn over the soil in autumn in the field where tomatoes are planted, and the turning over depth is about 30cm. Turning over the soil can improve the soil structure, improve the water-holding capacity, reduce the pests and diseases in the soil, and make plants grow better.

(2) Ridge cultivation: deep border and high border cultivation are mostly used, and the border width (flat border) is usually 1.3- 1.7m, of which the border width is 0.3-0.5m, and the border direction is suitable.

(3) Disinfection of seedlings: 75% mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed to disinfect the seedlings before planting.

(4) Plantar fertilization: 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate is added at the same time, and the tillage depth is 25-30cm.

5. Cultivation methods

(1) After the seeds are treated, sow them in the seedbed. The sowing density should not be too dense, and it is appropriate to sow about 30g per square meter.

(2) After sowing, keep the soil moist and germinate at 22-28℃ for about 3-4 days. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, they can be planted.

(3) When planting, the ground temperature should be kept at 65438 00℃, which is beneficial to the growth of root system and improve the survival rate. Take the medium-mature cultivation in small frame as an example, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 26-33cm, and about 4000 seedlings are planted. At the same time, apply sufficient fertilizer, mainly farmyard manure.

(4) 1 topdressing is in flowering stage, and the second topdressing is in growth stage. After planting, water a little. After 1 week, flood 1 times the water. How much water to water in the future depends on the growth of tomatoes and the soil. Water can be watered according to seasonal climate change at ordinary times. Water more in dry season, less in winter and drainage measures in rainy season.

Second, the management methods of tomatoes

1, pruning branches and leaves

(1) Remove the redundant branches and leaves of the tomato, and only keep the trunk and part of the lateral branches, so as to prevent the lateral branches from absorbing too much nutrients and affecting the growth of the tomato.

(2) For the parts with dense leaves, it is necessary to loosen them in time, remove redundant leaves, increase the permeability between plants and improve the photosynthetic capacity.

2, the prevention and control of pests and diseases

(1) disease

① Disease types: Early blight, late blight, gray mold, leaf mold and bacterial spot disease are the main diseases of tomato.

(2) Control method: spraying 600 times of 50% iprodione to control early blight; Control late blight with frost washing and 600 times spray; 600-fold spray of Mei Wuzhen to control tomato gray mold; Spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl to control leaf mold; Prevention and treatment of bacterial spot disease with 600 times spray of Daliang.

(2) Insect pests

① Pest species: Whitefly, root-knot nematode and cotton bollworm are the main pests of tomato.

② Control method: spraying 70% imidacloprid+chlorpyrifos+65,438+0,000 times of egg fat can control whitefly; 3% avermectin 1000 times solution to control root-knot nematodes, half a catty per plant; The cotton bollworm can be controlled by spraying 30% EC or 15% avermectin EC with 1000- 1500 times solution after 4 pm on sunny or cloudy days, and spraying 1 time every five days.

3. Harvest of tomatoes

As a result, deformed and weak fruits were picked, and 4-5 fruits were left on each branch as seeds. After the fruits are ripe, they are harvested in time and packaged and sold according to their quality.