Language Paper

Note to Candidates:

1. Before answering the paper, candidates must fill in their names, pass numbers, etc., on the answer sheet with a pen or a signing pen.

2. All the answers to the questions must be written on the answer sheet, written on the paper will not be given points. When answering questions, pay attention to the test question number and answer sheet number corresponds to one, can not be misplaced.

3. This paper **** 6 pages, full of 150 points, the examination time of 150 minutes.

I. Reading (80 marks)

(a) Read the following and complete questions 1-4. (13 points)

Chinese cuisine is a general name for dishes that are quite distinctive in the name region. Without the colorful local flavors, Chinese cuisine could not be so rich and attractive. Just like the Beijing Opera, there are "four famous dancers" and "four scholars" with different genres, Chinese cuisine has four major cuisines (Szechuan, Beijing, Suzhou and Guangdong) and eight flavors (Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Qin), which is a manifestation of its high degree of maturity and prosperity.

China is a highly mature and prosperous country.

China's vast territory, the natural conditions of each region, geographic environment and material resources are very different, which is the people's dietary varieties and tastes of different habits of the material basis and prerequisites. As the saying goes, "Rely on the mountain to eat the mountain, rely on the water to eat the water." This truth is needless to say, but the development of society, political, economic and cultural center of the formation and transfer, but also the local cuisine and contributing and catalytic factors.

From ancient times to the Eastern Zhou, the main reproduction of the Chinese people, the activities of the region in the Yellow River basin as the center of the north. Therefore, the northern cuisine with land products as the main raw material has a long history and has a great influence on the formation of our national eating habits. During the Warring States period, the countries south of the Yangtze River, such as Chu, Wu, and Yue, gradually became stronger and stronger, and another hue of Chu culture appeared. We only need to read "Chu Rhetoric - Invocation of the Soul" to see that southern dishes were mostly made of aquatic products and fowls, which were obviously two different styles from the northern dishes. However, at that time, no matter whether it was the northern dishes or the southern dishes, they were still in the unconscious stage of development, and were far from wielding their own strengths to become an independent school. Qin Shi Huang united China, expanding the territory of our country, and organized a number of large-scale immigration, the development of border areas, so the Western Han Dynasty, the southwest of Ba, Shu (now Sichuan Province), the economic and cultural development, customs and further Han Chinese, Yang Xiong's "Shu Du Fu" in the list of rich produce and a variety of cooking techniques, rising the dawn of the Sichuan cuisine. The period of North and South Dynasties was a time of great migration of nationalities. After the northern nationalities ruled the Central Plains, they gradually integrated with the Han Chinese; while the aristocracy among the Han Chinese migrated to the south, which brought about the economic prosperity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This must have had a great influence on the later emergence of Suzhou and Zhejiang cuisines. Emperor Yang excavated the Grand Canal, opening a channel for the north and south; his trip to Yangzhou, Yangzhou in the country's increasingly prominent position, to the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou has become the center of foreign, north and south of the transportation hub, and thus there is a "Yang Yi two" said. Yangzhou cuisine, in this has seen the beginning. Lin'an (now Hangzhou) in the Southern Song Dynasty was one of the most prosperous and densely populated cities in the world at that time. The Old Story of Wulin began to have "southern food store" "northern food store", visible at that time only the north and south of the cuisine of the field, in fact, Zhejian cuisine has also come into prominence. Since the beginning of Liao, Jin, Yuan, Beijing has been the capital of China, after hundreds of years of brewing, accumulation, Beijing cuisine widely absorbed the northern cuisine of the long, finally became a unique cuisine. Kangxi and Qianlong's many "southern tour", the local officials in various places, a variety of dishes, which plays a role in the development of local flavors. That is, in terms of Soviet cuisine, after a hundred flowers blossomed type of competition, and gave rise to Yangzhou cuisine, Nanjing cuisine, Zhenjiang cuisine, Wuxi cuisine, Suzhou cuisine and other different flavors and different characteristics. As for the famous Cantonese cuisine, perhaps to the Opium War, because it is obviously absorbing foreign ingredients, from the Chinese and foreign exchanges in the development of up.

The final completion of the local cuisine depends on the emergence of a large number of famous stores, famous chefs and famous dishes, there must be a large number of celebrities, famous writings and famous sentences and praise, Beijing's "Quanjude", Hangzhou's "Louwailou" are very good examples.

Now foreign friends to China, Chinese food is generally not the concept of a certain place, a certain gang, and no preconceived notions of preference, always want to taste a variety of regional flavors, which prompted a lot of hotels, restaurants and banquets, often accommodate the famous dishes from all over the country in a seat, the gang characteristics gradually disappeared, it seems that this is a kind of "together" tendency, after some integration, and then in a new way. After some integration, and then on a new basis into a new cuisine, it is possible to make the Chinese cuisine "higher level".

1, the article mentioned at the beginning of the "four famous dancers" and "four scholars" of Beijing opera to explain (2 points)

A.. The eight famous Peking opera actors are very knowledgeable about Chinese food.

B. Chinese cuisine has developed four attractive brands.

C．The art of Peking Opera is as varied in schools as cooking techniques.

D．Chinese cuisine has formed a strong local flavor.

2．Two of the following statements are not in line with the meaning of the text (4 points)

A．Southern dishes are mostly made of fish and birds, as recorded in "Chu Ci - Invocation of the Soul".

B．Social changes during the North and South Dynasties had a great influence on the formation of Jiangsu and Zhejiang cuisines later.

C．Sichuan cuisine is popular, "Shu Du Fu" is the earliest Sichuan cuisine recipes handed down to date, which rose the dawn of Sichuan cuisine.

D. The Southern Song Dynasty, the North, South, East and West of the various gangs of dishes in the bustling Hangzhou competition, "Old Wulin" has a detailed record.

E. Yangzhou cuisine is famous all over the world, and the opening of the Grand Canal is closely related to the convenience of transportation.

F. Cantonese cuisine developed and matured a little later than other cuisines, and absorbed more components of foreign culture.

3. From the article, the main reasons for the formation and development of cuisines around the world are (1) ＿＿＿＿ (2) ＿＿＿＿＿ (3) ＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3 points)

4. Some people say that young people nowadays like KFC, McDonald's and other foreign fast food, so the study and inheritance of traditional Chinese cuisine is of little interest. There's not much point in studying and inheriting traditional Chinese food culture. Please tell us your opinion. (4 marks)

(2) Read the following and complete questions 5-9. (14 marks)

The historical merits and demerits of a person are judged mainly by his position in society and the role he played.

Each member of society, according to his social position to do his duty (or obligation), traditionally known as Lun dutifully, Lun is the order, order, people survive in society, must stand in a certain social position, and sometimes the same thing (a behavior), due to the actor's social position is different, people can make different evaluation of his behavior.

Emperor Wu of Liang believed in Buddhism, had a very deep religious cultivation, wrote a lot of Buddhist classics commentary circulated. He insisted on vegetarianism, malnutrition, overwork, yellow and thin. Some people advised him, as an emperor, the duty is to make the people live in peace and contentment, living in abundance, not to "drop half a day's food, the whole of a bird's life. Liang Wu Di, if not in the position of emperor, as a devout Buddhist, his behavior is commendable; as an emperor, he was a dead king, failed. Similar to the case of Liang Wu Di, there is also Song Weizong Zhao Ji, who was first-rate in painting and calligraphy, which can be passed down to the next generation, and was good at kicking a soccer ball, but he just made a mess of the country, and became a fallen king, also an insufficiently qualified emperor.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fight for the world, the two armies, Xiang Yu used Liu Bang's father as a hostage, coercing Liu Bang to yield; if not yielded, on the frying pan to cook Liu Bang's father, Liu Bang said, we were once brothers, "my father that is, my father, if you cook too much, fortunately, I share a cup of soup". Liu Bang could care less about his father's death for the sake of the world. Liu Bang became the founding ruler of the Han Dynasty. His political performance was better than that of the Qin Dynasty, and the descendants did not y blame Liu Bang for his unfiliality. Peter the Great of Russia is a king, the development of Russia has played a role in promoting, but he was lustful, however, historians have taken a tolerant attitude to this point, not harsh.

People can look at the mainstream of historical figures from thousands of years ago. The main contribution of the ancients, the role of history to give a comprehensive consideration is the usual method. Because after many years, the small mistakes of the ancients have no longer impact, what remains is the part of their social impact. Such as the Ming dynasty famous painter and calligrapher Dong Qichang is very bad, longitudinal son of the countryside, but for hundreds of years, people still recognize the achievements of his painting and calligraphy.

We comment on the current characters and words and deeds, we can not be hard to comment on the merits of the historical figures of the rough method. Because the current small things, related to the social atmosphere of good or bad, especially the leadership responsibility of officials at all levels. All the more reason to set a good example. If the pursuit of enjoyment, detached from the supervision of the masses, act arbitrarily, perhaps they think it is a small section of no harm, in fact, the loss of the big section, do not have to wait until a hundred years later, the current will be difficult to escape the accusation of public opinion. (1) minor failures, (2) is also a mistake, (3) every person in society, if you do not pay attention to the minor, (4) is not responsible for the performance of the community. At that time flunked, attempting to get forgiveness from the pen of later critics, which is unrealistic, harmful to society, to themselves.

5. This article lists historical figures such as Liang Wu Di to prove ＿＿＿＿ this point. (2 points)

6. The underlined sentence in the article is a multi-repeated sentence, and its first level should be delineated before the _______ sentence. (2 points)

7. From the point of view of the article's presentation, the following statement is incorrect (3 points)

A. The article has a strong persuasive power because of its distinctive thesis and sufficient arguments.

B．Talking about the past and the present, quoting the classics, and talking at will is a feature of this article.

C. The author borrows from the past to satirize the present, and his writing style is sharp and has strong practical relevance.

D. The article uses many quotations, examples, comparisons and other methods of argumentation to enhance the artistic expression.

8. The argument of the thesis should be typical and appropriate, this paper used four feudal emperors and a literati example to argue the point, read and do not feel repeated and cumbersome, please briefly analyze the reasons. (4 marks)

9. The author's intention in writing this article is ＿＿＿＿. (3 marks)

(C) Read the following and complete questions 10-15. (18 points)

(1) There is an elf, drifting as the water of three springs, cold as the moon of the winter night; there is an elf, despondent as the early summer drizzle, grudging as the deep autumn osmanthus; there is an elf, which is doomed to always be wandering ____ erhu, Jiangnan, wandering erhu.

(2) The yurt, the wheelbarrow, the wind-blown grass of the prairie is destined to be the cradle of the horse-head qin; the red sorghum, the letter to the sky, the high slope of the loess where the wind rises up and the clouds fly up was born to be the world of the suona. And the willow bank, wupeng boat, small bridge and water around the home of the south of the river is always the erhu endless magnetic field. A side of the soil and water to raise a side of people, a side of the flavor of the growth of a side of the instrument. We just don't know that at the beginning of the beginning, is Jiangnan chose Erhu, or Erhu chose Jiangnan. Such a choice is difficult to think about, difficult to scrutinize.

(3) erhu in Jiangnan, just like the apricot blossom spring rain in Jiangnan general poetic long, although the high mountains and flowing water, we have only seen Yu Bo Ya's jiao-tailed zither; Xunyang River, we have only heard of Bai Juyi's lute. Although many of the Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuanqu and Ming opera, we can hardly inhale the Erhu that a low cry, touch the Erhu that a vein of helplessness, but who can say that, if there is no burnt-tailed zither and pipa, Erhu will not be in the south of Jiangnan lonely wandering it?

(4) The Qinhuai of the six dynasties, Wang Xie Houfu, there are too many colors, that is not the erhu string line on the open flowers; three autumn osmanthus, ten miles of lotus in Qiantang, there are too many beautiful and prosperous, that is not the erhu bow in the rhythm of the beating; fiber road, crow's nest, the door, the corridor, rainy alleys, stone bridges, tea houses, grain field, which is destined to the erhu wandering feet, does not belong to the scholars, the noble and official, the wandering erhu was born. The erhu is not a part of the scholars, the officials and eunuchs, the wandering erhu is born to be the props of the peddlers, the merchants and the actors when they are happy, and the support between the scribbles.

(5) I really don't know from when the erhu began to wander in Jiangnan, I only know that when the watery moon color diffuse lusty late autumn osmanthus, dense drizzle bananas by the riverside; when the mercurial evening winds dusted brush the stone bridges of Taimen, scattered smoke around the countryside when the Valley; erhu wandering will begin. When the wandering erhu fatalistically meets that person, its wandering is condensed and gathered for no reason, and is infinitely diffused and enlarged, that person called blind Bing, like a sorcerer, the erhu meets him, and from then on, it can never stop wandering. His "two springs reflecting the moon" notes such as a spring bubbling blotter, we know that the wandering is a helpless; "cold spring storm" tune such as tears slowly outflow, we know that the wandering is clearly a kind of sadness, "listen to the pine" wandering is also a kind of bone and vicissitudes of life, is not the wandering of the erhu, the music of the wandering, the wandering of the soul of the wandering of the wandering of the land, the wandering of the wandering of the era, a nation's wandering of the wandering of the wandering of the wandering, the wandering of the wandering of the wandering of a people. It is the wandering of a soul, the wandering of a land, the wandering of an era, the wandering of a nation.

(6) The wandering erhu always give birth to many wandering hearts, and release many wandering flowers, the blind Bing is an extreme, but in Jiangnan, in the green stone lane door deep, the long corridor of the roofs and shacks all over the city of Jiangnan, in the spring grass pond frogs drums thick, warbling sound of the blue Harvest thick everywhere in the countryside of Jiangnan, similar to the wandering heart and life because of the erhu and not only Bing it?

(7) The spirit of one side of the water and soil, a full flavor of the blood, instrumental music is a cultural soul of an era. And wandering, not just a kind of misery and distress, a kind of vicissitudes and helplessness, but also a kind of patience and tenacity, a kind of progress and resistance, it is another kind of living gesture of life, this kind of living gesture can never be dissolved.

Note: Bing (1893-1950); formerly known as Hua Yanjun, folk musician, Wuxi.

10. Paragraph (2) is written: different regions with different styles are destined to a variety of ＿＿＿＿ have different personalities. (2 points)

11. Paragraph (4) of the underlined sentence uses a variety of rhetorical devices, the correct two are (2 points)

A. Comparison B. Metaphor C. Platitude D. Pairing E. Borrowing

12. Imitation of a sentence with the following sentence type. (3 marks)

The Erhu is as poetic as the apricot blossom and spring rain in Jiangnan.

＿＿＿＿ is to _______ as _______ is to _______.

13. Why does the author think that the erhu does not belong to the literati officials, but to the common people? (3 points)

14. Some people say that the passage is beautiful and fluent, but a little negative and sad. What do you think, please give reasons. (4 points)

15. According to the meaning of the text, make a brief introduction to Bing. (50 words or so) (4 marks)

(D) Read the following two poems and complete questions 16-19. (8 marks)

A

Passing through the Huaqing Palace (Tang) Du Mu

Chang'an looks back at the piles of embroidery,

and a thousand gates open one after another on the top of the hill.

The first time I rode on the red dust, the princess laughed,

but no one knew it was Lychee.

B

Title Huaqing Palace

After traveling to the south of the Yangtze River,

the dawn wind and moon into Huaqing.

The west wind is blowing rapidly in the Chao Yuan Pavilion,

and the rain is falling on the Yang Yang.

Note: ① Chaoyuan Pavilion: Tang Dynasty Palace.

The first time I saw the movie, I saw the movie, I saw the movie, I saw the movie, I saw the movie, and I saw the movie.

16. From the content of these two poems, they both belong to □□□ poems. (1 point)

17. These two poems have the same object, but they are written in different ways: poem A satirizes the ____ by describing the ____; poem B expresses the author's feelings about the □□ of successive dynasties by depicting the bleak and clear scenery of the Huaqing Palace. (3 marks)

18. The following statement is incorrect (2 marks)

A. The first two lines of poem A are like a movie camera, showing the reader a picture of Mount Li.

B．The first two lines of poem B describe the dismal scenery that the poet saw after traveling a long way to the Huaqing Palace.

C．A．The language of the poem is refined and majestic, though it does not use difficult words.

D．B．The poem takes a far-reaching view and means a lot, showing the contemplation of history.

19．Du Mu, the author of poem A, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the following lines are all famous lines of Du Mu, so please write their first or second lines. (Any two lines) (2 points)

(1) Stop and sit in the maple forest at night,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

(2) ＿＿＿＿ across the river is still singing "Backyard Flowers".

(3) The east wind is not with Zhou Lang便,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

(5) Read the following and complete questions 20-22. (10 points)

My friend Long Zhongfang, known as the snow lake has "plum spectrum", swim lake wading Yue and seek, to the snow lake has been dead for a long time. Inquired about the Wu said: "Xuemei painting plum spectrum, care?" Wu people mistakenly heard that the eyebrow also, said: "Ran, there is. Xihu Li Si-niang eyebrow painting new out of the different, for the spectrum of ten, three Wu **** appreciation."

Zhongfang rejoiced, that is, to the West Lake to find Li Si Niang, knocking along the door, three days no see. Suddenly saw the bamboo door on the lake from the open, there are old women out to meet, said: "Concubine in the is carried out." And into, asked, said with a smile: "Concubine is the official media Li Sinniang, there is a matchmaker that is with the words of the matchmaker, I do not know Mei also."

仲房丧志归家，岁云暮矣，闷坐中庭，值庭梅初放，雪月交映，梅影在地，幽特拗崛，清白简傲，横斜倾倒的态，宛然如画。 Sitting under it, suddenly jumped up and shouted, stretching the paper and vibration pen, a wave of several, said: "I got it."

So Zhongfang of the plum is crowned the right side of the river.

20. The meaning of the word "lose ambition" in the underlined sentence in the text is _______, the main character Long Zhongfang so "lose ambition", the reason is ＿＿＿＿. (4 points)

21. In the article, the main character Long Zhongfang later said, "I've got it." The reason the author wants to explain in the article is ＿＿＿＿. (4 points)

22. In the following poem, the one that is closest to the law of artistic creation illustrated in this article is ＿＿＿＿ (2 points)

A．The article is precious when it is self-acquired, and is it not true that the mantle is passed on to the other.

B. Not thin today's love for the ancients, clear words and beautiful sentences will be neighbors.

C．It is the intention of the artisan to change as God, and the pen is powerful.

D. A word of nature is new for all time, and the luxury of the end of the real simple.

(F) read the following, complete questions 23-26. (17 points)

Yizhou mountains are steep and dangerous, so many fierce tigers, eup Zai when the hunters to pounce, often back for the devouring. There is Jiao Qi, Shaanxi people, cast relatives not worth, living in Yi. Su God brave, had held a thousand Buddha Temple in front of the stone tripod, flying the left ridge of the Daxiong Hall, so people called "Jiao Shi Ding" cloud.

Knowing that Yiling many tigers, day hiking into the mountains, encountering tigers are always hand grasping killed, negative to return, such as this is the usual. One day into the mountains met two tigers, Shuai a small tiger to, Jiao sex up, even killed two tigers, left and right shoulder, and a small tiger captured and returned. The first time I saw this was when I was in the middle of the night, and it was the first time I saw it in the middle of the night.

A rich family, admiring his courage, set up a feast. Jiao on the seat, describing his life to tie the tiger like, listen to all the color change, and Jiao also opened up a big story, the mouth speak finger painting, the intention of the proud. Abruptly there is a cat, the feast to seize food, fishy juice dripping all over the seat, Jiao thought the master of the cat, listen to its chewing and go. The master said: "neighboring breeding animals, can be disgusting is!" Dead how, the cat came again, Jiao anxious to get up and punch, seat on the food kernel all pouring broken, and the cat has jumped ambush window corner, Jiao anger, and by hitting the window pane cracked, the cat leaped up to the corner of the house, eyeing Jiao. Jiao was more and more furious, and opened his arms as if he was trying to capture the cat, but the cat let out a howl, trailed its tail and walked slowly, crossing the neighboring wall and going away. There was nothing Jiao could do, so he just stared at the wall. The owner smiled and laughed, and Jiao retreated in shame.

The tiger can be tied up, and can not tie up the cat, is not really a big enemy of courage, the enemy is timid? The first thing I want to do is to get a good understanding of how to use the Internet and how to use the Internet. The letter of the cattle of the tripod, can not cook small food; a thousand crossbow, can not be in chevron. The only person who should know, with talent is also appropriate to know.

23. Write the meaning of the following punctuated words in the sentence (3 points)

(1) casting relatives is not worth ( ) (2) and the cat has jumped ambush window ( ) (3) can be disgusted with the ( ) (4) death of the cat came ( ) (5) trailing tail Xu step ( )

24. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese (6 points)

(1) the Eupzai when the hunter is ordered to pounce on the, often

(2) Day hiking into the mountains, encountering tigers, hand grasping killed, negative to return

25. Write an idiom or proverb with the same meaning as "Hakaniu's tripod, can not cook a small food" (not use the sentence in the text). (Can not use the text sentence) (2 points)

26 Why Jiao Qi can bind the tiger but can not bind the cat? Why is it important for those who harbor talent and those who use talent to know this? (4 points)

Two writing (70 points)

27 essay

This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Koichi Tanaka of Japan is neither a professor nor a master's degree or doctorate, he is just "the lowest level of Japanese corporate society" of an ordinary engineer, a little-known people, and even fellow experts have nothing to say about him. Even the same line of experts know nothing about him, Tanaka published very few papers, but he was silent, dedicated research, in 1987, the development of a paper in the field of polymer research put forward the nature of the definition and structural analysis of the original idea, after more than a decade of practice, this idea has developed into the world's sensibility, the highest degree of accuracy of the analysis of biomacromolecules, by the European and American academic community highly evaluated, and finally become an important basis for this award, the Nobel Prize. This award is an important basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the chairman of the jury called Tanaka Koichi is the first person to open the door to a new field of research on biomolecules.

The award of Koichi Tanaka surprised the Japanese and gave us a lot of inspiration. Please write an article of about 1000 words (not poetry) about your feelings. The title is self-devised.