Urine amylase increases later than serum amylase. It can only increase 12 to 24 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis, and decreases slowly (lasts for 3 to 10 days at most). During an acute attack of chronic pancreatitis, there may be a moderate increase. In addition, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic injury, acute cholecystitis, etc., the activity of this enzyme is also increased.

It is possible, but it may also be mumps! The diagnosis of pancreatitis is not only based on amylase! Enteritis can also increase amylase! Your amylase data alone cannot explain anything. It is best to have other auxiliary examinations! ~ Any auxiliary examination results are only "auxiliary" and are only used by doctors as a reference for disease diagnosis. The diagnosis must be based on comprehensive clinical judgment.

Pancreatitis is divided into two types: acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. The former is a surgical emergency, and it is 100% likely to cause severe and severe abdominal pain. Since you have no abdominal pain now, acute pancreatitis can be ruled out.

Chronic pancreatitis is generally accompanied by abdominal pain. Only a few cases of so-called "painless chronic pancreatitis" will occur. To diagnose this type of pancreatitis, "exocrine examination" and "retrograde cholangiopancreatography" are required. ” and “Pancreatic biopsy.”

My personal suggestion is that all these diagnostic methods are relatively expensive, and some can cause damage to the body. You don’t have typical pancreatitis symptoms now, so there is really no need to spend money on these tests. Moreover, to take a step back, even if you really suffer from "chronic pancreatitis", there is no good clinical cure. The disease is not fatal.

The main hazards of chronic pancreatitis are long-term recurring pain that leads to a decrease in the patient’s quality of life, and digestive disorders caused by insufficient pancreatic exocrine function. These symptoms are not obvious to you at the moment, so you can rest assured. , it’s hard to say, but it often increases in gallbladder disease! Adenitis is also possible! But further inspection is needed! Blood amylase test! 3 times greater than normal value! Blood calcium test! Imaging examinations are also available! Provide evidence!

There is no necessary connection between yellow sperm and this

According to the "normal semen standards" issued by WHO in 1992, the following table is as follows:

Liquefaction time: at room temperature, Within 60 minutes

Color: Uniform off-white

Semen volume: more than 2.0 ml

PH value: 7.2 ~ 8.0

Sperm concentration : 20 ×106 / ml or more

Sperm motility rate: more than 75% are viable

Sperm motility: more than 50% belong to grades a and b (according to the quality of semen The order is a.b,c,d)

Sperm morphology: more than 30% is normal

White blood cells: less than 1 × 106/ml

Liquefaction time: just The semen taken out is gel-like, but it will be completely liquefied within 60 minutes at room temperature. Incomplete liquefaction will affect sperm motility.

Color: Normal semen color is uniform gray milky color, the color is too clear , the sperm concentration may be too low.

Semen volume: The normal amount of one ejaculation is between 1.5 ~ 5.5 ml. Excessive semen is often due to inflammation of the seminal vesicles; too little semen may be due to chronic inflammation of the prostate or seminal vesicles. Results.

Sperm concentration: calculated using a sperm counter, the normal sperm concentration is at least 20 million per ml (20 x 106 ml).

Sperm motility: generally divided into Level 4: level a: moving forward quickly; level b: moving forward slowly; level c: swinging in place; level d: not moving. At least 50% of normal sperm motility is level a and level b, or 25% is level a.< /p>

Sperm type: Normal sperm type, the head is oval, 4.0 ~ 5.5 μm long, 1 μm wide. The acrosome accounts for 40 ~ 70% of the entire head, and there is no neck. Abnormalities in the midsection or tail usually require further fixation and staining before correct analysis can be performed.

1. Routine inspections:

1. Fluid volume inspection

[Normal reference value] 2-5ml.

[Clinical significance]

1. If there is no ejaculation for several days and the semen volume is less than 1.5m1, it is abnormal, indicating that the seminal vesicles Or there are lesions in the prostate; if the semen volume is reduced to a few drops or even unable to be discharged, it is called azoospermia, which is seen in specific infections of the reproductive system, such as tuberculosis, gonorrhea and non-specific inflammation.

2 .If the semen volume is too large (more than 8m1 at one time), the sperm will be diluted and reduced accordingly, which will hinder fertility.

2. Color check

[Normal reference value] Gray or milky white , those who have not ejaculated for a long time may appear light yellow.

[Clinical significance]

1. Yellow or brown pus-like semen: seen in seminal vesiculitis or prostatitis, etc.

2. Bright red or dark red bloody semen: found in inflammation, tuberculosis and tumors of the reproductive system.

3. Viscosity and liquefaction test

[Normal reference value] Thick It is jelly-like and will liquefy on its own within 30 minutes.

[Clinical Significance]

1. The semen has low viscosity, like rice soup, which can be caused by reduced sperm volume and is seen in reproductive Systemic inflammation.

2. If the liquefaction time is too long or does not liquefy, it can inhibit sperm activity and affect fertility. It is common in prostatic inflammation.

4. Sperm motility rate detection

[Normal reference value] Normal sperm motility is generally above level III (good mobility, medium-speed movement, but more waveform movement), and sperm with level III or above motility within 1 hour after ejaculation should be fine. >0.60.

[Clinical Significance] If grade 0 (dead sperm, inactive, still inactive after heating) and grade I (poor motility, sperm spinning in place, swinging or shaking, slow movement) ) Sperm above 0.40 is often one of the important causes of male infertility.

5. Sperm motility test

[Normal reference value]

Sperm with motility level III or above 30-60 minutes after ejaculation>0.80;

Mobility within 120 minutes after ejaculation Sperm of grade III or above are >0.60;

Sperm with a concentration of 0.25-0.60 can still move 120 minutes after ejaculation.

[Clinical significance] An increase in sperm with poor motility or inactivity is One of the important causes of infertility. Commonly seen in varicocele, non-specific infections of the genitourinary system such as Escherichia coli infection, certain metabolic drugs, antimalarial drugs, estrogen, nitric oxide mustard, etc., can also make sperm move. Decreased vigor.

6. Sperm count

[Normal reference value] (100-150)×109/L or the total number of sperm ejaculated at one time is (4-6)×108.< /p>

[Clinical Significance]

1. The sperm count is less than 20×109/L or the total number of sperm ejaculated at one time is less than 1×108, which is abnormal and is seen in varicocele, lead metal, etc. Harmful industrial pollution, large doses of radiation and the influence of certain drugs.

2. Repeated failure to detect sperm in semen is azoospermia, which is mainly seen in low testicular spermatogenic function, congenital vas deferens, seminal vesicle defects or vas deferens. Blockage. There should be no sperm in the semen 2 months after vasectomy, otherwise it means the operation failed.

3. The sperm count of the elderly starts to decrease from the age of 50 and gradually disappears.

7 , Sperm morphology examination

[Normal reference value]

Abnormal sperm: <10%-15%; Agglutinated sperm: <10%;

Immature sperm Cells: <1%.

[Clinical significance]

1. Patients with varicocele have an increase in abnormal sperm, indicating that the sperm has entered the semen when they are immature, or the venous return is insufficient. The temperature in the scrotum is too high and the testicular tissue is hypoxic, or the toxic metabolites in the blood flow back from the renal or adrenal veins to the testicles. The above reasons are all detrimental to sperm morphology.

2. Agglutination in semen Increased sperm indicates reproductive tract infection or abnormal immune function.

3. When the spermatogenic function of the testicular seminiferous tubules is affected or damaged by drugs or other factors, more pathological immature sperm may appear in the semen. Cells.

8, Semen cell examination

[Normal reference value]

White blood cells (WBC): <5/HP (high power field);< /p>

Red blood cells (RBC): 0-occasionally/HP.

[Clinical significance]

1. Increased white blood cells in semen, common in seminal vesiculitis and prostatitis and tuberculosis, etc.

2. Increased red blood cells in semen are common in seminal vesicle tuberculosis, prostate cancer, etc.

3. If cancer cells are found in semen, it can be diagnosed as reproductive system cancer. Significance.

9. Semen pH (pH) check

[Normal reference value] 7.2-8.0.

[Clinical significance]

1. Semen pH value <7.0, more common in oligozoospermia or azoospermia, often reflects obstruction of the vas deferens, congenital absence of seminal vesicles or epididymal lesions.

2. Semen pH value >8.0, common For acute infections, such as seminal vesiculitis, prostatitis, etc.

10. Determination of male fertility index

[Calculation formula]

I=M(N× V)/(A×106)

In the formula, I is the male fertility index; M is the percentage of motile sperm; N is the number of sperm per milliliter; V is the speed of sperm movement; A is the number of abnormal sperm Percentage.

[Normal reference value] Normal fertility index>l.

[Clinical significance]

1. The fertility index is 0, indicating complete fertility Fertility.

2. The fertility index is between 0 and 1, indicating varying degrees of fertility disorders.

2. Biochemical and immunological tests:

1. Semen fructose measurement

[Normal reference value] 9.11-17.67mmol/L.

[Clinical significance]

1. Semen fructose is 0 , can be seen in congenital absence of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles on both sides, complete obstruction of the vas deferens on both sides or retrograde ejaculation.

2. Reduced semen fructose is common in seminal vesiculitis and insufficient androgen secretion. Insufficient fructose can cause sperm Lack of exercise energy may even make it difficult to conceive.