i. Literary general knowledge.
1. Author: Zuo Qiu Ming.
2. Selected from: Zuo Zhuan.
Zuo Zhuan, a famous chronicle in China, describes the important historical facts of the countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and is said to be compiled by Zuo Qiu Ming, the historian of the State of Lu, according to the State History of Lu, Spring and Autumn Annals. It is also called Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals.
II. The content of the article.
1. Segmentation of the first part (first and second paragraphs): write Cao Jun to help Lu to do the preparatory work before the war.
The second part (third paragraph): write about the war.
The third part (third paragraph): write a post-war discussion of the reasons for victory.
2. Central Idea: This article describes the Cao Yu to Lu Zhuanggong advice, and help Lu Zhuanggong in the battle of the long spoon to take the correct strategy and tactics, and finally make the weak Lu beat the strong Qi historical facts, clarifying the need to get the trust of the people, detailed investigation of the enemy and good grasp of the opportunity to achieve victory in the war reasoning, showing the Cao Yu's political foresight, military skills and strong patriotic spirit.
3. Writing features :
1) contrast, dialog highlighting characters.
2) The content is properly detailed.
iii. Main points.
1. Characterization:
1) Cao Jun - far-sighted. Have excellent political vision, military talent and strong patriotism.
2) Duke Lu Zhuang - despise. Impatience, recklessness, but humility, know people well.
This article highlights three aspects of Lu Zhuanggong's "despise": before the war, the hope of winning in the same despicable "meat-eaters" and the child of the gods; in the war, do not observe the enemy's situation, impatience and adventurous; after the war win, but do not know how to win. Its purpose is to form a sharp contrast with Cao Jun, highlighting Cao Jun's far-sightedness.
2. In this paper, the war is written slightly, "Qi three drums" "Qi division defeat" "so Qi division" will be taken over. But Cao Yu and Lu Zhuanggong dialog is written in detail, because:
1) This article focuses on the "theory" of war, the dialogue can show Cao Yu's political vision, military skills.
2) to be able to Lu Zhuanggong's despicable and Cao Jun's vision to form a contrast, highlighting the center.
2. Translation and original text of the literary text "Cao Jun on the war"
Absolute authority, the original "Cao Jun on the war" Ten years in the spring, the Qi division fell on me. The public will fight. Cao Yu (guì) please see. The townspeople said: "Meat eaters seek, and why between (jiàn)?" Jun said: "Meat eaters despise (bǐ), can not far plan." Was into see. Asked: "How to fight?" Gong said: "Clothing and food security, F (fú) dare to specialize also, must be divided into people." He said, "A small favor is not biàn, the people do not follow." Gong said: "Sacrifice jade and silk (bó), do not dare to add also, will be to the letter." The right said: "Small letter not Fu (fú), God Fufu also." Gong said: "small and large prisons, although they can not be detected, it must be emotional." He said, "The genus of the faithful can also be a battle. War then please from." Gong and the ride, the war in the long spoon (sháo). Gong will drum it. Jun said: "not available." Qi three drums. Jun said: "can be carried out." Qi division defeated. Gong will be chi. Jun said: "not available." Down to look at its rut, climbed the bridge and looked at it, said: "can carry on!" So he chased the Qi division. Both grams, the public asked the reason. Said: "Fu (fú) war, courage also. The first drum is used to raise the energy, and then it is used up again and again, and then it is used up again and again, and then it is used up again and again, and then it is used up again and again. The big country, unpredictable, fear of ambush. I see its rutting in disorder, and look at its flag in disarray (mǐ), so I chase it." The spring of the 10th year of the Duke of Lu Zhuang, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu, the Duke of Lu Zhuang was about to meet the war. Cao Yu requested to see Duke Lu Zhuang. His fellow countrymen said: "The officials will plan this matter, why do you need to participate in it?" Cao Jun said, "The officials are short-sighted and cannot think far ahead." So into the court to see Duke Lu Zhuang. Cao Jun asked Duke Lu Zhuang: "Why do you fight with Qi?" Duke Lu Zhuang said: "Clothes and food, the things that nourish life, I can not enjoy alone, it must be used to share it with others (close ministers and close ministers)." Cao Yu said: "This small favor can not be spread to everyone, the people will not listen to you." Duke Lu Zhuang said: "Sacrificial offerings, I never dare to misrepresent the number, must be honest and trustworthy." Cao Yu said: "This is only a small credit, failed to convince the gods, God is not blessed to bless you." Duke Lu Zhuang said: "Large and small cases, even if you can't see clearly, but also in accordance with the truth of the judgment." Cao Yu said, "(This is) doing his duty, you can rely on this condition to fight a battle. If you want to fight, please allow (me) to go along." Duke Lu Zhuang and Cao Yu rode in the same chariot. They fought against the Qi army at Chang Spoon. Duke Zhuang (once on the battlefield) to beat the drums to march, Cao Jun said: "(now) can not." After the Qi army beat three drums, Cao Jun said, "You can beat the drums to march." Qi army defeated. Zhuang just to order the pursuit, Cao Jun said: "Not yet." (Finished) get off to look at the Qi army's car prints, and boarded the car in front of the horizontal wood look at the Qi army (formation), (which) said: "You can pursue." So he pursued the Qi army. After the victory (Qi army), Duke Lu Zhuang asked the reason for the victory. Cao Yu replied: "In war, we need to rely on courage. The first beat of the drum can invigorate the courage of the soldiers, the second beat of the drum when the courage is weakened, to the third beat of the drum when the courage has been exhausted. The enemy's morale was exhausted while ours was high, so we defeated them. (Qi is) a great power, and it is difficult to speculate (on its intentions) for fear of an ambush. I saw that their charioteer marks were in disorder and their military flags were down, and that is why I agreed to pursue them." .
3. Cao Jun review questions
"Cao Jun on the war" Topic: "Cao Jun on the war" Lesson Type: Review Lesson Teaching Objectives: 1, accumulation of "Zuo Zhuan" related to general knowledge 2, accumulation of the text of the key words, phrases, sentences (words: word sound, word shape, the word through the word; words: the key words in the notes under the class, a word more than one meaning, the word class live use, ancient and modern synonyms; sentence: the main idea of the sentence, the use of rhetorical (Sentences, sentences in the notes under the lesson) 3, understand the content and writing style of the article.
4, will recite, mimeograph, translate the whole text Review method: knowledge organization method, free recitation method, questioning method, associative memory method Review process: I. Students review freely around the goal, and then ask questions to each other at the table, or ask questions in small groups. To pave the way for the following answer questions.
Second, the teacher showed a good lesson for students to answer, or Qi answer; or single answer. To memorize the main.
Third, the teacher courseware related content. (A), the accumulation of general knowledge of literature: "Cao Yu war" from the ""，the rumor is that the period was made.
"Zuo Zhuan" formerly known as "also known as" Spring and Autumn Left Biography "is based on the Lu history of the preparation of the body of history, preserved in our country since 722 BC more than 200 years of the following years of historical information. It is a ( ) masterpiece and ( ) masterpiece.
The war in this article is a war between Qi and Lu, because the battlefield is in Chang Spoon, so it is also called the Battle of Chang Spoon, which is a battle of fewer than many. What other battles do you know of where fewer won more? Answer: Zuo Zhuan (左传). Zhuang Gong Ten Years" Spring and Autumn Annals Zuo Qiu Ming Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals History Literature The Battle of Red Cliff, the Battle of Makino, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Interfluve, the Battle of Julu, the Battle of Chengpu.
(2), words and phrases to accumulate look at the pinyin to write Chinese characters or look at the Chinese characters to write pinyin Cao Yu ( ) and why not ( ) Meat-eaters despise ( ) Sacrifice of jade and silk ( ) small letter not fu ( ) boarded shì ( ) and look at the I look at its zhé ( ) chaotic The war, courage ( ) look at the flag of the mǐ ( ) Answers: guì jiàn bǐ bó fú 轼 辙 fú 靡 Key words to explain. 1, the meat-eaters to seek the 2, and why not between the two. 3、肉食者鄙4、何以战5、衣食所安，弗敢专也6、牺牲玉帛7、弗敢加也，必以信8、小信未孚，神弗福也9、小大之狱，虽然不能察10、必以情，忠之属也11、齐师败绩12、公将驰之13、登轼而望之14、下视其辙15、遂逐齐师16、既克，公问其故17、夫战，勇气也18、再 And the decline of 19, looking at its flag 20, a large country, difficult to measure 21, fear of ambush 22, he exhausted my surplus Answers: 1, people in high positions, enjoying generous pay; 2, participation; 3, short-sighted; 4, by virtue of, rely on; 5, with the meaning of "raise"; not; personal proprietary; 6, refers to pigs, cows, goats, etc.; silk fabrics; 7, misrepresentation; the real situation; 8, Convinced; blessed; blessing; 9, case; even if; clearly; 10, to judge by the truth; to try to do one's part; 11, a great defeat; 12, to drive (to catch up with); 13, the tracks in front of an ancient car; 14, the tracks rolled out by the wheels; 15, to catch up with, to pursue; 16, already; cause, reason; 17, an emanation word, to be used at the beginning of a sentence when making a discussion or explanation; it has no real significance; 18, for the second time; 19, to fall; 20, to surmise, to estimate; 21, to ambush; 22, to be full of; here it means that the morale is in full swing.
A word with multiple meanings 1, between: and why between ( ) the middle of the force to pull the sound of collapse ( ) when into and between into ( ) and between the order of Wu Guang ( ) 2, the letter: must be to the letter ( ) a small letter has not been Fu ( ) 3, its: its townspeople said ( ) I see its rut chaotic ( ) the public asked for the reason ( ) Answers: 1, involved; intermingled; intermittent, accidental; secretly; 2, the truth; credit; 3, on behalf of the Cao Yu; on behalf of the Qi army; pronouns, refers to the war to win! ; words used 1, God Fufu also Fufu: noun as a verb, blessing, blessing 2, the public will drum the drum: noun as a verb, hit the drum, beat the drum Ancient and modern anagrams 1, meat and food despicable, failed to far-flung ( ) 2, the small and large prisons ( ) 3, although not able to detect ( ) 4, will be in the case of the love ( ) 5, the genus of the faithful ( ) 6, the sacrifices of jade and silk ( ) 7, and again and again decline ( ) 1, the ancient meaning: shortsightedness; the present meaning: inferiority of moral character 2, the old meaning: the case of the ; present-day meaning: prison 3, ancient meaning: even if; present-day meaning: although, the conjunction of the transitive relationship 4, ancient meaning: to judge by the truth; present-day meaning: feelings 5, ancient meaning: to try their best to do their part; present-day meaning: loyalty 6, ancient meaning: refers to pigs, cows, goats, etc.; present-day meaning: to give up their own interests or dedication to the cause of justice 7, ancient meaning: the second time; present-day meaning: to indicate that the thing or the behavior is repeated key sentence translation. 1, meat-eaters seek it, but also Why not? 2, meat-eaters despise, failed to far plan 3, why war? 4, clothing and food security, do not dare to specialize also, will be divided into people 5, a small favor has not been introduced, the people are not to follow also.
6, the sacrifice of jade and silk, do not dare to add also, must be a letter. 7, a small letter is not yet Fu, God Fu Fu also.
8, small and large prisons, although you can not be detected, must be in the mood 9, the genus of the faithful. Can be a battle.
The war is please from 10, the war, courage. 11, a drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion.
12, he exhausted my full, so the answer: 1, in a high position, enjoying a lot of money will plan this thing, (you) and why participate in it? 2, in a high position, enjoying a lot of money, shallow, can not make long-term planning. 3, you rely on what to fight? 4, clothing and food such as nourishment of the things, I do not dare to enjoy alone, and will certainly give (it) to other people.
5. Small favors cannot be generally distributed to the people; they will not listen to you. 6. I dare not misrepresent the oxen, sheep, and silk fabrics used in sacrifices, but I must tell the truth to God.
7. If you cannot be trusted by the gods with small credits, they will not bless you. 8. Even if you cannot be clear about all the cases, you must deal with them according to the truth.
9. It is a matter of doing one's duty. The first thing that you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and you can do it on your own.
If the war, please allow me to go along. 10, the war, rely on the courage 11, the first hit the drum, able to invigorate the courage of the soldiers, the second hit the drum hit the courage of the soldiers decline, the third hit the drum of the soldiers' courage is exhausted.
12. Their courage was exhausted, and our army's courage was flourishing, so we defeated them. Comprehension mime 1, before the war Lu Zhuang Gong in Cao Jun inspired to take the measures to gain confidence in the people is: 2, Cao Jun in the Qi army three drums before ordering the Lu army to launch an attack on the reasons: 3, Cao Jun in the Qi army after the defeat does not immediately order the pursuit of: Answers: 1, small and large prison, although you can not detect, it must be in the case of the situation.
2, a drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion. He exhausted my surplus 3, Fu big country, difficult to measure also, fear of ambush is not the word through the word small favor not introduced, the people from also introduced: through the "all over" all over, universal (3), the content and writing to understand the "Cao Yu on the war" to Cao Yu's activities as.
4. Cao Jun on the war notes and review materials
"Cao Jun on the war" text seminar I. Overall grasp of the 684 BC Qilu long spoon battle, is one of the history of the weak win one of the famous cases of war.
The main content of this text is not to recount the course of the battle, but to record Cao Jun on the war, which vividly illustrates that political trust in the people, the use of correct strategy and tactics and grasp the opportunity to fight, is a weak country to win over the strong necessary conditions. The full text of the eye is "far plan" phrase, through the character dialog, Cao Jun's "far plan" and "meat eaters despise" have been clearly reproduced.
The whole text is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph, the narrative of the pre-war Cao Jun to see Lu Zhuang Gong, through his and Lu Zhuang Gong's dialog explains the political trust in the people is a prerequisite for the war.
Can be two layers: the first layer (the beginning of the "is to see"), write Cao Jun to see the reasons for Luzhuang Gong. The beginning of the war pointed out that the time of the war, the object of the war, the nature of the war and Luzhuang Gong decided to fight.
The text only said that "the public will fight" without mentioning anything else, in fact, said that the Duke is in a passive position, had no choice but to go to war, is for the following "Cao Jun please see" as a pad. Then write Cao Jun and the townspeople dialog.
The townspeople's discouragement may not have deep meaning, but also to some extent reflects the attitude of the people to the ruler; and Cao Jun's answer shows that he has far-reaching considerations of the war, the ruler's meanness is also recognized, and affirmed that the "please see" necessary. Cao Jun's reply is the full text of the program, the following will be written on the side of Cao Jun's "far-reaching", one side of the writing of the Duke of Zhuang "despise".
The second layer ("ask 'why war'" to the end of the paragraph), write Cao Jun and Duke Zhuang on the pre-war preparations for the dialog, explaining the political trust in the people is a prerequisite for winning the war. At the beginning of the conversation, Cao Jun put forward the key issue of pre-war preparations, "why war", showing a sharp vision.
Zhuang Duke's first two replies are "food and clothing, do not dare to specialize in, will be divided into people" and "sacrifices of jade and silk, do not dare to add, will be a letter", indicating that he hopes to win in the close ministers and God's protection, showing the full meanness. Cao Yu on the two replies are negated, pointing out that what Zhuang Gong said is only a "small benefit" "small letter", and emphasized the "people from" and "fu "
This is the first time that I've ever seen a man with a high degree of confidence in the world, and I've never seen one.
Under his inspiration, Duke Zhuang finally realized that combat should rely on the people, determined to do a little good for the people, and said: "small and large prisons, although they can not be detected, they must be emotional." From this conversation can be seen, Cao Yu met with the Duke of Zhuang, the purpose is to make the Duke of Zhuang recognize the role of the people's hearts in the war, and strive to win the support of the people, to lay a reliable foundation for victory, which initially showed his "far-sightedness".
The second paragraph, describing the battle of Qilu long spoon. The article put Zhuang Gong and Cao Yu's different ways of commanding a comparative description: write Zhuang Gong, "will drum" "will be by" with the above "will be the war" corresponds to show that he did not observe the enemy's situation in combat, impatient and adventurous; write Cao Yu's different ways of commanding a comparison. Impatience; write Cao Yu, with two "unavailable" and two "can be carried forward" before and after the contrast, showing that he was calm, prepared, good at grasping the opportunity to fight.
This is actually once again Cao Jun's "far plan" and Zhuang Gong's "despicable" as a contrast. But the author intentionally ambush; on why Cao Jun must wait for the "Qi three drums" and then think you can beat the drums into the army, why in the "Qi division defeat" and then "down to see its rut, ascent and look at the Shi! Why is it that after the defeat of the Qi division, it is necessary to "look down at its rut, climb the bridge and look at it", and then think that it is possible to pursue, are not accounted for.
Leave these two questions to the following to answer, in order to better highlight the "war" of the main idea. The third paragraph, write Cao Jun discuss the reasons for winning the battle.
First, with "both grams, the public asked the reason" a sentence to start. "Both grams" and do not know "the reason", see Zhuang Gong does not understand the military, which confirms the beginning of the "meat eaters despise", but also naturally lead to Cao Jun's exposition.
This paragraph of the exposition with two "f" word in turn to bring out the meaning of two layers: the first layer of "war, courage" as the basis for the choice of "his exhaustion, I surplus" time to launch the point of view of the attack, answering the question of the combat time. The first is based on "war is also courageous", which puts forward the point of view that we should choose the time to launch an attack "when the other side is exhausted and I am full", and answers the question of why he thought "it is possible" to "drum" after "three drums of the Qi people" during the battle. Difficult to measure", to beware of ambush as the basis for judging the real dynamics of the enemy's point of view, explaining his "down to see its rut, ascent Shi and look at it" before that "can be chi" of the reason. This further shows that Cao Yu is indeed a "far plan" of the military.
Second, the study 1. What are the characteristics of this article in writing? The form of this article is a record of historical facts, around the battle of Qilu long spoon description of Lu Zhuang Gong and Cao Jun's dialog, but the essence is argumentative, mainly about Cao Jun on the issue of war, focusing on the performance of his "far plan". The full text of the detailed arrangement of the decision.
The first paragraph in a brief description of the background on the introduction of substantive dialog, by Cao Jun "why war" to start, step by step to press, until the Duke of Zhuang said on the "small and large prison" attitude, Cao Jun only made "the loyal genus can also be a war. Chung's genus can also be a war," the conclusion, showing that he was politically to get the people's thoughts. The second paragraph focuses on writing Cao Jun's ability to make decisions on the battlefield, twice to "not yet" and "can carry on" to show that he is good at grasping the opportunity to "Qi division defeat" and "attempted to expel the Qi division". "The first one is to show that he is good at fighting, and the second one is to show that he is good at fighting, and the third one is to show that he is good at fighting.
The third paragraph of the reasons for the victory through the discussion of his small against the big must grasp the opportunity, detailed investigation of the enemy's strategic and tactical ideas to show. Above is written in detail, the rest with the performance of Cao Yu "far plan" has nothing to do, such as the cause of the war, the number of participants, the intensity of the war, and so on, do not mention, and the "war" lead to events such as "the war". The first thing you need to do is to get rid of all the things that you have to do in order to get the best out of the war.
Such a cut, to reproduce the image of the military Cao Jun, highlighting the center of the article has a great effect. In this paper, the language is very concise, which has a close relationship with the so-called "historians penmanship".
For example, the Lu Zhuang Gong, the text does not directly use the derogatory language; but from his first two answers to Cao Jun can be seen on his political incompetence, from "will be war" "will be drums" "will be chi! "can be seen on his military ignorance, which is called" only book of its deeds "and" because of the words and can be known ". Write Qi army, only with "three drums" a phrase shows that they rely on the number of advantages eager to win the psychological.
2. How to evaluate Duke Lu Zhuang? Duke Zhuang of Lu was a mediocre ruler, but not a dim one. The fact that he pinned his hopes for war on "small favors" and praying for the blessing of the gods shows his political incompetence, and his eagerness for war shows his military ignorance.
But in Cao Jun's inspiration and finally realized, in combat.
5. Cao Jun full translation and key words
1, translation Lu Zhuang Gong ten years of spring, Qi troops attacked us Lu.
Lu Zhuanggong is going to meet the war. Cao Yu asked to pay a visit to Duke Zhuang of Lu.
His fellow countrymen said, "The people in power will plan this matter, why do you need to participate in it?" Cao Yu said: "The people in power are short-sighted, can not think y." So into the court to see Lu Zhuang Gong.
Cao Jun asked: "What do you fight with?" Lu Zhuang Gong said: "Food and clothing (this kind of) things, I have never dared to exclusive alone, they must be distributed to the ministers around." Cao Yu replied: "This small favor can not reach the people, the people will not obey you."
Duke Lu Zhuang said: "Sacrificial pigs, cattle and sheep and jade, silk fabrics and other offerings, I never dare to inflate the number of misrepresentation, must be honest to heaven." Cao Yu said: "Little credit, can not obtain the trust of the gods, the gods will not bless you."
Duke Lu Zhuang said: "Large and small lawsuits, even if you can not be clear, but I must be based on the truth (reasonable judgment)." Cao Yu replied: "This is to do their duty of a class of things, can (with this condition) to fight a battle.
If the battle, please allow me to follow you along." On that day, Duke Lu Zhuang and Cao Yu rode in the same chariot and fought with the Qi army at Chang Spoon.
Lu Zhuanggong was about to order the drums to march. Cao Jun said, "Not now."
Wait until after the Qi army beat the drum three times. Cao Jun said, "You can beat the drum to march."
Qi army defeated. Lu Zhuang Duke again to order driving horses to chase the Qi army.
Cao Jun said, "Not yet." Said he got off the chariot, look at the traces of the Qi army wheels crushed, and then mounted the chariot, holding the front of the car cross wood to look at the formation of the Qi army, which said: "You can chase."
So he pursued the Qi army. After winning the battle, Duke Lu Zhuang asked him the reason for his victory.
Cao Jun replied: "Combat, rely on the morale. The first drumming was able to invigorate the morale of the soldiers.
The second drumming the soldiers' morale began to decline, the third drumming the soldiers' morale is exhausted. Their morale was gone and our army's morale was high, so we defeated them.
It is difficult to speculate about a great country like Qi, for fear that they have ambushes there. Then I saw the tracks of their wheels confused and looked out to see their banners fallen, so I ordered them to be pursued."
2, the original ten years in the spring, Qi division to send me. Gong will fight, Cao Yu (guì) please see.
Its townspeople said: "Meat eaters seek, and why between (jiàn)?" Jun said: "Meat eaters despise, failed to far plan." Is to see.
Asked: "Why war?" Gong said: "Food and clothing, F (fú) dare to specialize, must be divided." The right said: "small favor is not universal, the people do not follow."
The king said: "Sacrifice jade and silk (bó), do not dare to add, will be the letter." He said, "A small letter has not been (fú), the gods are not blessed."
The public said: "Small and large prisons, although they can not be detected, they must be emotional." I said: "The genus of the faithful can also be a battle.
The war is please from." The public and the ride, the war in the long spoon.
The public will drum. Jun said: "Not yet available."
Qi three drums. Jun said: "can be carried out!" Qi division defeated.
The public will be chi. Jun said: "not available."
The next look at its rut, Deng Shi (shì) and look at it, said: "can be carried out." He then drove away the Qi division.
Both grams, the public asked why. Said: "Fu (fú) war, courage.
A drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion. I am full of them, so they are not.
The (fú) big country, unpredictable, fear of ambush. I see its rut chaotic, looking at its flag, so chase it."
"Cao Yu on the war" from the Spring and Autumn Zuo Qiu Ming's "Zuo Zhuan - Zhuang Gong ten years". Tells the story of Cao Yu in the battle of the long spoon in the war on the war of some comments, and in the war live "a drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion," the principle of repelling the mighty Qi army of historical facts.
Expanded:
2, ten years: Lu Zhuang Gong ten years (684 BC). 3. qi division: the army of the state of Qi.
Qi, in the center of present-day Shandong Province. Division, army.
4. 伐: to attack. 5, I: refers to the state of Lu.
Zuo Zhuan was written according to the history of Lu, so it called Lu "I".
The book was written based on the history of Lu, so it called Lu "I".
7, meat eaters: meat eaters, referring to those in power. 8, plot: plotting.
9, between (jiàn): participation. 10, despise: mean, short-sighted.
11, is: so, on. 12, He to war: that is, "to what war", by virtue of what to fight? The first is to use, with, by virtue of, rely on.
13, clothing and food security, do not dare to specialize in: clothing and food this kind of nourishing things, do not dare to enjoy alone. The first is that the first time I saw a woman in the world, I was able to see her in the middle of the night.
F: not. The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing and how you are doing it.
14, must be divided into people: ellipsis sentence, omitted the "of", the complete sentence is "must be divided into people". The whole sentence is "must be divided by the people".
To, put.
The people: refers to the close ministers or nobles around Duke Lu Zhuang.
15, all over: one as "徧" (徧), all over, universal. Second, the background of the work Qi and Lu are neighboring countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, both in present-day Shandong Province, Qi in the northeast, Lu in the southwest.
In 697 B.C., Duke Xiang of Qi was on the throne, and the government was so erratic that his younger brothers, Duke Xiaobai and Duke Kao, fled to Ju and Lu for refuge respectively. In the following year, Duke Xiang of Qi was killed by Gongsun Wuzhi.
In the spring of the third year, the Qi people killed Gongsun Wuzhi, and Duke Xiaobai returned to Qi to seize the throne. A little later, Duke Zhuang of Lu also personally led troops to escort Duke Zigang back to his country to fight for the throne, and in August, Lu and Qi divisions fought in Qianshi, and the Lu army was defeated.
Duke Huan of Qi forced Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill him. In the spring of the 10th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, on the pretext that Lu had helped Duke Tang to fight for the throne of Qi, Qi once again raised an army to attack Lu, and the two armies fought at Chang Spoon.
This is the article recounted the battle of the long spoon of Qi Lu. Baidu Encyclopedia - Cao Yu war.
6. Information and translation of the Cao Jun battle
The legend of "Zuo Zhuan" is the end of the Spring and Autumn period, the Lu historian Zuo Qiu Ming.
But the author of the book, there has always been controversy. It is generally believed that this work is the work of a historian and essayist in the early Warring States period.
The name of the book was originally "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals", and later people put it with the "Spring and Autumn Annals", as a work of interpretation of the scriptures, known as the "Spring and Autumn Annals Zuo's biography", or "Zuo Chuan". The author's purpose of writing this book is not all for the interpretation of the scriptures, but from the perspective of the historian, to take the outline of the Spring and Autumn Annals, and then refer to the many historical books of the time and written.
Therefore, Zuo Zhuan greatly enriched the content of the Spring and Autumn Annals. Some of the contents are consistent with the Spring and Autumn Annals, while some are inconsistent with the Spring and Autumn Annals, and it was written in thirteen years more than the Spring and Autumn Annals.
Zuo Zhuan is China's first narrative detailed chronicle of history, preserved in China since 722 BC the following two hundred years of many historical materials, more detailed and complete reflection of the Spring and Autumn period of the state of the news of the political, military, diplomatic, as well as economic, cultural and other aspects of some of the situation. Zuo Zhuan is a valuable historical document for the study of China's ancient society.
Its literary value is very high, very good at writing complex historical events in simple language, especially good at describing the war, but also good at delineating the subtle movements and psychological activities of the characters, the development of future generations of prose has a great impact. [Edit Paragraph] The title explanation In the 10th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (684 BC), Duke Huan of Qi sent troops to attack Lu on the pretext that Lu had once helped Duke Kao, who was competing with himself to be the king of the country.
At that time, Qi strong Lu weak, Lu is in a defensive position. This article describes Cao Yu to Lu Zhuanggong advice, finally in the battle of the long spoon, so that the weak Lu defeated the attack of the powerful Qi, showing Cao Yu's political vision and excellent military skills.
This article is intended to show that Cao Jun's "far-sighted", so tightly around the "war" to select materials. The first paragraph through the dialogue between Cao Jun and Lu Zhuanggong, emphasizing that the back and forth of people's hearts is dependent on the primary conditions for victory or defeat in the war, highlighting the strategic thinking of Cao Jun "trust in the people"; the second paragraph briefly explains Cao Jun commanded the Lu army to counter-attacks, pursuits, and the final victory process, showing that Cao Jun's military command, for the following analysis of the reasons for winning the ambush; The third paragraph discusses the reasons for the victory, highlighting Cao Jun good at seizing the opportunity to be cautious and decisive tactical thinking.
The whole narrative is clear, well-detailed, accurate and vivid character dialog, to say, is the "left" in the popular piece. [Edit Paragraph] Original text Ten years in the spring, the Qi division to attack me, the public will fight.
Cao Jun please see, its townspeople said: "Meat eaters seek, and why not between?" Jun said: "Meat eaters despise, failed to far plan." Is to see.
Asked: "Why war?" Gong said: "Food and clothing, I dare not specialize in, will be divided into people." Said: "A small favor is not the introduction, the people do not follow."
Gong said: "Sacrifice of jade and silk, do not dare to add, must be a letter." He said, "A small letter has not yet been, and the gods have not been blessed."
The public said: "small and large prison, although it can not be detected, it must be emotional." I said: "The genus of the faithful.
The first time I saw this, it was a battle. The war is please from."
The public and the ride.
The king's army was at the end of the war, and the battle was at Changshou.
The public will drum. Jun said: "Not yet."
Qi three drums. Jun said: "can be carried out."
Qi division defeated. Gong will be chi.
600 said: "not available." Down to see its rut, ascent to the bridge and look at it, said: "can be carried out."
So they expel the Qi division. The first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation, and that you have a good idea of what is happening.
The answer is: "The war, courage. A drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion.
They are exhausted, I am full, so the grams, the big country, difficult to predict, fear of ambush. I see its rut chaotic, looking at its flag, so chase it."
[Edit Paragraph]Notes (1) ten years: Lu Zhuang Gong ten years (684 BC). (2) Qi division: the army of Qi.
Qi, in the center of present-day Shandong Province. I, referring to the state of Lu.
Lu, in the southwest of present-day Shandong Province. Zuo Zhuan (左传) was written by the historian of the state of Lu, so he called the state of Lu "I".
(3) Gong: Lu Zhuang Gong. (4) Cao Yu (guì): Lu people.
(5) meat eaters: people who eat meat. Here refers to the senior officials above the doctor.
(6) between (jiàn): participation. (7) Despicable: mean. Here refers to the short-sightedness. (8) Nai: so, on.
(9) He to war: that is, "to what war", by what combat. The first is to use, with, by, on. (10) Clothes and food are safe: clothes and food and such things that nourish the body.
(11) dedicated: exclusive, proprietary. (12) 徧：通 "遍"，遍及，普遍。
(13) Sacrifice jade and silk (bó): ancient sacrificial offerings. Sacrifices, sacrifices of pigs, cows, sheep and so on.
Jade, jade; silk, silk fabric. (14) Fu (fú): to trust, to be convinced.
(15) Fu: noun as verb, to bestow blessings, to bless. (16) Jail: litigation cases.
(17) Chang Spoon: the name of a place in Lu, north of Qufu County in present-day Shandong. (18) Drum: noun as a verb, to beat the drum and march.
(19) chi: to drive after. (20) rut (zhé): the traces left by the wheels rolling across the ground.
(21) Shi: the ancient carriages in front of the cross-wood, for riders handrails. This refers to the front of the car horizontal wood (22) both grams: has overcome.
(23) surplus: full, abundant. Here refers to exuberance.
(24) mǐ: fall down. (25) F: not. (26) Faithfulness: try to do one's part.
(27) must be divided: omitted sentence, omitted the "of", the complete sentence is "must be divided", must be divided to others. (28) plus: more than.
Here there is boastfulness, with the meaning of less for more (29) Chai: Mingcha, to find out. (30) love: sincerity, truth. Here refers to a variety of litigation cases handled sensibly and reasonably (31) Zhong's genus also: this is a category of things for the people to do their best.
Zhong, try to do their part. (32) can a war: is "can a war", can be by virtue of this condition to fight a war, can: can; to: by virtue of.
(33) defeat: a great defeat. (34) If the battle is fought, please allow me to follow it.
(35) Sui: on (36)逐：追赶，这里是追击的意思 (37)夫（fú）战，勇气也：作战，要靠勇气。 (37) Fu (fú) war, courage: combat, rely on courage. Fu, hair word, discussion or description, used in the beginning of the sentence, no real meaning.
(38) Fu: ambush (39) Mi (mǐ): fall down. [编辑本段]翻译文 In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the army of Qi attacked our state of Lu, and Duke Zhuang of Lu prepared to answer the war.
Cao Jun requested to meet with Duke Lu Zhuang, his fellow countrymen said: "In a high position, enjoying a generous salary to plan this matter, why do you need to participate in it?" Cao Jun said: "living in a high position, enjoying the benefits of people short-sighted, can not be far-sighted." So he paid a visit to Duke Lu Zhuang.
Cao Jun asked Lu Zhuang Gong: "What do you fight?" Lu Zhuang Gong said: "Clothing and food this kind of nourishing things, I do not dare to enjoy alone. It must be distributed to others."
Cao Jun replied: "These are just small favors.