Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points in the catalogue
Junior high school geography knowledge points
A summary of junior high school geography knowledge points
Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points
Junior high school geography knowledge summary 1. Junior high school geography knowledge summary location
China's land and sea location: East Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
China's latitude and longitude position: the latitude of China's territory spanning from north to south is nearly 50 degrees, mostly in the temperate zone, and a small part in the tropics, with no frigid zone. The longitude of China's east-west crossing is more than 60 degrees, and the time difference between the easternmost Wusuli River and the westernmost Pamirs is more than 4 hours.
2. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize the vast territory.
China has a vast territory, with a total area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world after Russia and Canada, and almost equal to the whole area of Europe. The four ends of China's territory are: the easternmost end is at the intersection of the central lines of the main navigation channels of Heilongjiang and Wusuli rivers (135oE), and the westernmost end is near the Pamir Plateau (73oE), with a distance of about 5,000 kilometers from east to west.
3. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize borders and neighboring countries.
There are 14 neighboring countries with a land boundary of more than 20,000 kilometers. It borders Korea in the east, Russia and Mongolia in the north, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan in the northwest and southwest, and Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar in the south.
China's mainland coastline is as long as18,000 kilometers, and there are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea from north to south. China's territorial sea refers to the sea area extending from the coastal baseline to 12 nautical mile. Bohai Sea and Qiongzhou Strait are China's internal seas. There are more than 5,000 large and small islands along the coast, such as Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island, Zhoushan Islands and South China Sea Islands.
4. Junior high school geography knowledge points summary administrative divisions
At present, China's administrative regions are basically divided into three levels: provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and special administrative regions), counties (cities, autonomous counties and autonomous prefectures) and townships (towns and ethnic townships). Provincial administrative units include 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions. Historically, the whole country has been divided into six regions: Northeast, North, East, South-Central, Southwest and Northwest. Hong Kong and Macao are part of our territory. The Chinese and British governments signed a joint statement on the Hong Kong issue in 1984 1 February, and our government
China and the Portuguese government signed a joint statement on Macao in April 1987 in Beijing * * *, which reiterated that Macao was occupied by China. Our government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on February 20th 1999/kloc-0, and implemented "one country, two systems" in Macao under my exercise of sovereignty.
Junior high school geography knowledge points population and nationality
1. China is the most populous country in the world.
By the end of 20061February 3 1 day, China had a population of about1300 million, accounting for slightly more than15 of the world's total population, making it the most populous country in the world. The distribution of China's population is more in the southeast and less in the northwest. The rural population accounts for 57% and the urban population.
2. Junior high school geography knowledge summary of overseas Chinese and Chinese.
There are more than 30 million overseas Chinese and Chinese in China who are distributed all over the world. Guangdong and Fujian provinces are the most places of origin of overseas Chinese, and many places in these two provinces have always been known as hometown of overseas Chinese.
3. Junior high school geography knowledge points summary control population growth rate, improve population quality.
The prominent feature of China's population is its large population base and rapid population growth. Therefore, the implementation of family planning is still a basic national policy of China. Controlling the population growth rate and improving the quality of the population is still an urgent task to accelerate the realization of the four modernizations.
4. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize multi-ethnic socialist countries.
China is a unified multi-ethnic socialist country. There are 56 ethnic groups in * * *. The Han nationality has the largest population, accounting for about 92% of the national population. The other 55 ethnic groups have smaller populations, collectively referred to as ethnic minorities. Among the ethnic minorities, the Zhuang nationality has the largest population, with more than16 million. There are also Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi and Yi nationalities with a population of more than 4 million. Ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast border areas.
Junior high school geography knowledge points summary Daquan terrain
1, summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: China's topographic characteristics
China's topography is complex and diverse, including plain, plateau, mountain and hill. There are five kinds of topography in the basin, and the mountainous area is vast, accounting for about 2/3 of the national area. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, which is roughly distributed in three steps. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the southwest is the first step with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. The second step is between the west of the east line of Daxing 'anling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Yungui Plateau and the first step, with an elevation of 1000-2,000 meters, mainly consisting of plateaus and basins. To the east of the second step, the land surface above the sea level is the third step with an elevation.
The complex and diverse terrain has formed a complex and diverse climate; China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, which is characterized by ladder-like distribution, which is conducive to the deep humid air and the supply of a large amount of water vapor; Make the river roll and flow, and communicate east-west traffic; The river flows from the higher step to the lower step, and the water is swift and produces huge water energy.
2. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: distribution of main mountains
Three east-west lines: from north to south, Tianshan-Yinshan-Yanshan; Kunlun Mountain-Qinling Mountain; Nanling. Three rows running from northeast to southwest: Daxing 'anling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain from west to east; Changbai Mountain-Wuyi Mountain; Taiwan Province Mountains.
Two north-south trends: Helan Mountain; Hengduan Mountain. There are two mountains running from northwest to southeast: Altai Mountain and Qilian Mountain. Mount Everest, the main peak of the Himalayas at the junction of China and Nepal, is 8844 meters above sea level; It is the highest mountain in the world.
3. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize plateaus, plains, basins and hills
Characteristics and distribution of the four plateaus: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the southwest of China, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. It is the largest plateau in China and the highest in the world. It is characterized by high mountains, continuous snow-capped mountains, widespread glaciers, numerous lakes, vast grasslands and abundant water resources. The Inner Mongolia Plateau is in the north of China, including most of Inner Mongolia and parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Hebei, with an altitude of about 1000 meters. There are many grasslands and deserts. The Loess Plateau is located at an altitude of 1000-2000 meters. The ground is covered with loose loess layer, which is the widest and deepest area in Huangshibu in the world. Serious water loss; There are thousands of valleys and valleys. The karst terrain in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is widely distributed. Mountain ups and downs; Rugged.
Distribution and characteristics of great basin: Sichuan Basin is located in the east of Sichuan, which is known as "red basin" and "purple basin" because of its wide distribution of purple sand shale. It is the lowest-lying basin in China: Tarim Basin is located in the south of Xinjiang, with a circular distribution, while Taklimakan Desert in the middle is the largest desert in China and the largest inland basin in China. Qaidam Basin is located in the northwest of Chuangsheng Province, and most of it is Gobi and desert, with marshes, salt lakes and lakes in the east.
Distribution and characteristics of the three plains: the Northeast Plain, whose surface is famous for its fertile black soil, is mostly below 200 meters above sea level, with the largest area around it. The North China Plain is the second largest plain in China, with its low terrain and thousands of miles of fertile fields. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are located along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with low terrain, dense river networks and numerous lakes.
Main hills: Liaodong hills, Shandong hills, southeast hills, etc.
4. Summarize the main seismic zones and volcanic distribution areas in junior high school geography knowledge points.
China is one of the countries with many earthquakes, mainly distributed in: ① Taiwan Province and Fujian coastal areas in the southeast; ② North China Taihang and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area; ③ Southwest Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its marginal Sichuanese in the west of Yunnan Province; Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia in the northwest.
Summarize the knowledge points of geography in junior high school and summarize the climate.
1. Summary of junior high school geography knowledge points: temperature and temperature zone
China belongs to monsoon climate zone, and the temperature distribution in winter and summer is quite different. The characteristics of temperature distribution are as follows: the temperature in winter is generally low, it is hot in the south and cold in the north, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is over 50℃. The main reasons are as follows: the sun shines directly in the southern hemisphere in winter, and the northern hemisphere gets less solar energy; Latitude influence: winter winds prevail in winter. In summer, most parts of the country are generally hot (except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), and the temperature difference between north and south is not large. The main reasons are as follows: in summer, the sun shines directly on the northern hemisphere, and the northern hemisphere gets more heat; Summer monsoon prevails in summer, and the temperature in most parts of China rises to the highest value; In summer, the higher the height of the sun, the higher the latitude, and the longer the daytime, which slows down the difference between the north and the south in receiving solar light and heat. The coldest place in winter is Mohe Town, and the hottest place in summer is Turpan. Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are known as the "three major stoves" in China.
Frost-free period and growing period: Generally speaking, the frost-free period in China is gradually shortened from south to north and from coastal to inland.
If the frost period is long, the growth period of crops will be long. Otherwise, it will be short.
2. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize precipitation and dry and wet areas.
Distribution characteristics and causes of annual precipitation The spatial distribution of annual precipitation in China is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.
Causes: China's southeast is close to the sea, and the northwest goes deep into the Eurasian continent, which makes China's water cycle gradually weaken from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. On the other hand, the summer monsoon, which can bring a lot of precipitation, is blocked by heavy mountains and restricted by the farther and farther journey, and its influence degree gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.
Seasonal Variation of Precipitation The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven in all parts of China, and the precipitation in most parts of the country is concentrated from May to October. Generally, the precipitation in this period accounts for 80% of the whole year. From the perspective of different regions in the north and south, the rainy season in the south starts early and ends late, while the rainy season in the north starts late and ends early.
Cause of formation: This time-varying characteristic of precipitation in China is inseparable from the phenomenon of rain belt shifting caused by the moving front of monsoon. In May, the warm and humid airflow in the north met the cold air in the south, and the rain belt lingered here, and the rainy season in South China began. In June, the rain belt moved to the Yangtze River valley with the front, and swayed for about a month in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with continuous rain. At this time, it was the yellow ripe season of plums, which was called the rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In July and August, the rain belt advanced with the front to North China and Northeast China, and the precipitation in northern China increased significantly. In September, the cold air force in the north increased, and the rain belt quickly retreated to the south of the Yangtze River with the front. Coupled with typhoon and rain, there was still more rain in South China.
Regional distribution of precipitation: the distribution is extremely uneven, and the general trend is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The place with the most precipitation in China is Huoshaoliao in Taiwan Province, and the place with the least precipitation is Toksun in Turpan Basin.
Division of dry and wet areas in China; According to the relationship between precipitation and evaporation, China can be divided into four types of dry and wet areas from the southeast coast to the northwest inland: the general situation is as follows:
3. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize the main characteristics of China's climate.
A variety of climate types and a remarkable continental monsoon climate are the two main features of China's climate. The southerly wind blows in summer, which is warm and humid.
Monsoon and its formation: Monsoon refers to the wind whose direction changes with the seasons. The difference between land and sea is the main reason for the formation of monsoon in China.
Monsoon area and non-monsoon area: traditionally, the areas in China that are obviously affected by summer monsoon are called monsoon area; The area that is not obviously affected by the summer monsoon is called the non-monsoon area, and its boundary is roughly: the area to the east and south of Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan-bayan har-Gangdise Mountain is the monsoon area.
4. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize the main factors affecting China's climate.
There are location, topography and monsoon. Location refers to the influence of latitude location and land and sea location; Topography refers to the influence of topography and the trend of mountains; Monsoon refers to the influence of winter monsoon and summer monsoon.
5. Junior high school geography knowledge points summarize the advantages and disadvantages of climate and its influence on agricultural production.
The main advantages of China's climate are: the complex and diverse climate is conducive to the growth of many plants and crops, which provides rich animal and plant resources for China; China has a vast monsoon climate zone, and the same period of rain and heat is beneficial to the growth and maturity of crops, trees and pastures. The high temperature in summer expands the northern boundary of the growth of warm crops, and China is the northernmost country in the northern boundary of rice growth. The main shortcomings of China's climate are: due to the influence of monsoon intensity, the precipitation varies greatly from year to year, which is easy to cause early water damage; The disastrous weather caused by cold wave, frost and typhoon endangers the harvest of crops.
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