The barrel effect means that how much water a bucket can hold depends on the shortest board. If a wooden bucket is to be filled with water, each board must be equally flush and intact. If a board in the bucket is uneven, or there is a hole under a board, the bucket can't be filled with water. How much water a bucket can hold depends not on the longest board, but on the shortest board. Any organization may face the same problem, that is, all parts of the organization are often uneven, and inferior parts often determine the level of the whole organization. Therefore, the whole society, each of us should think about our own "shortcomings" and make up for them as soon as possible.

New Konikin's Law: In general, how much water can be held in a wooden barrel (meaning that the size of the wooden barrel is fixed and does not tilt) depends on three factors: First, the length of each board, and the shortest board determines the water holding capacity. The second is whether the combination between boards is close. Third, there is a good bucket bottom. The first factor is well understood by everyone; However, if there is a gap between plates or there is a big gap, it can't be filled with water; Similarly, if there is no good bucket bottom, holding water can only be a fantasy.

The law of inclination is to put a wooden bucket on an inclined plane, and the amount of water in the wooden bucket depends on the length of the longest board. Of course, this requires that the length should be opposite to the length, and there should be blocks of corresponding length around the long block as her assistance. That is to say, when we are shorter than others in a certain piece, we should not only choose the appropriate slope, but more importantly, arrange other pieces of wood reasonably to make them play their due role. Only in this way can the existing wood blocks be used to the maximum extent.

Application: the barrel effect inspires the class teacher to think. What is the most important thing for a class to understand students? Students' shortcomings, students' longboards and how to arrange and combine existing students to maximize their contribution in the class. It is wise for a class teacher to treat every child as a resource, tap their strengths, and every little makes a mickle. It is also very efficient to help them understand the shortcomings and try to make up for them.

2. pygmalion effect (Rosenthal effect, expectation effect, bimalon effect, bimalon effect)

People will unconsciously accept the influence and hints of people they like, admire, trust and appreciate.

Pygmalion is the king of Cyprus in ancient Greek mythology. He took a fancy to a girl's statue, and his desire finally turned the statue into a real person, and the two fell in love and combined.

Application: American teacher of the year said that she was sent to teach the worst class. As soon as she entered the class, she said to the children, do you know why the school sent me to teach you? Because I am the best teacher, I want to teach the best children. Hint, expect, will have a magical effect.

3, overrun effect

When Mark Twain listened to the pastor's speech, he initially thought that the pastor had made a good speech and planned to donate money. 10 minutes later, before the priest finished speaking, he got impatient and decided to donate only some small change; After another 10 minute, the priest decided not to donate before he finished. When the priest finally finished speaking and began to raise money, the angry Mark Twain not only didn't donate a penny, but also stole 2 yuan's money from the plate. This kind of rebellious psychological phenomenon caused by excessive stimulation or long action time is the "overrun effect".

Application: experiential moral education, less correct nonsense.

4. Psychological saturation effect

"Psychological saturation" means that people are already in a very boring psychological state and don't want to continue a certain task. Explain that their psychological endurance has reached an unbearable level.

5. Stair climbing effect

When others make simple demands, we are afraid that others will think that we are unreasonable "cheapskates" and agree. After accepting simple requirements, when others put forward higher requirements for us, in order to keep the unity of understanding and leave a consistent impression on others, we tend to accept higher requirements psychologically. This is the so-called "stair climbing effect".

Application: When assigning learning tasks, start lightly and take small steps, so that children are not afraid of difficulties. When I was writing the book Living on a Desert Island, I asked the children to draw the cover, choose the characters and choose the island first. The task was light and the child didn't resist. By the time these ten chapters were written, so much had been done before. Who else would want to give up? Oh, I'm so witty.

6. Halo effect (Halo effect)

Also known as "prejudice effect", "aperture effect" and "solar halo effect", it refers to the subjective impression formed in interpersonal perception.

The so-called halo effect is that in interpersonal communication, one aspect of a person's characteristics masks other characteristics, thus causing obstacles to interpersonal cognition. Celebrity effect is a typical halo effect. Contrary to the halo effect, it is the devil effect, that is, it has a bad impression on a certain quality of a person or a certain characteristic of an article, which will make people underestimate other qualities of this person or other characteristics of this article.

Halo effect is a subjective psychological speculation, and its mistakes lie in: first, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics of things and is used to pushing the individual to the general, just like a blind man touching an elephant, replacing the face with points; Second, it links some unrelated personality or appearance features, and asserts that there must be another feature with this feature; Third, all the good ones are affirmed, and all the bad ones are denied. This is an absolute tendency dominated by subjective prejudice. In a word, halo effect is a cognitive obstacle that has a great influence on people's psychology in interpersonal communication. We should try our best to avoid and overcome the side effects of halo effect in communication.

7. First cause effect (first effect, dominance effect, first impression effect)

It refers to the influence of the first impression formed by both parties on the future communication relationship, that is, the effect brought by "preconceptions".

8. Broken window effect

The broken window effect holds that if the bad phenomena in the environment are left unchecked, it will induce people to follow the trend and even intensify it.

Application: to prevent minor problems, the first student with minor problems must pay attention and remind him in time, otherwise it will cause big trouble; It is very important to establish the behavior habits of the first grade.

9. Suggest psychological influence

The so-called suggestion refers to a psychological phenomenon that people or the environment transmit information to individuals in a very natural way, and individuals inadvertently accept this information, thus making corresponding responses. People find that hints are like a "double-edged sword", which can cure or destroy a person. The key is how to use psychological suggestion and grasp its meaning.

Language suggestion is often used in management. For example, the class teacher's praise of good behavior in collective occasions will play a suggestive role for other students. You can also use gestures, eye contact, tapping on the table, pausing, raising or lowering the volume and so on. Experienced class teachers often choose suitable movies, TV and literary works according to students' shortcomings and mistakes, which is equivalent to students watching and chatting, or telling students some targeted stories, which can produce good results.

10, frog effect (boiled frog in warm water)

The "frog effect" originated from the "frog experiment" of Cornell University in the United States at the end of 19.

"Frog effect" has the following enlightenment in class management: (1) Rules and regulations should include negative reinforcement; (2) Class management must create an atmosphere from heteronomy to self-discipline; (3) Class management should strengthen the cultivation of adaptability and create some special environments. (4) Class management should pay attention to controllability.

1 1, butterfly effect Butterfly effect refers to a very small change in initial conditions, which will have a great impact on its future state after continuous amplification.

12, prestige effect

This refers to the psychological effect of the authority and credibility of the individual or group of communicators on the audience, and the resulting impact on the communication effect. Communication believes that when the audience determines the communicator or information source in a high authoritative and reliable position, this determination will be transformed into a belief in the information content. "

13, limb survival effect

There is a phenomenon in physiology, that is, after a limb is amputated, people's psychology will have a long-term sense of existence and dominance over the vacant position, which is called limb-saving effect. The body effect tells us that it is impossible not to experience loss in life. Instead of clinging to the past, it is better to give up decisively, and it is often dawn after the dream is shattered. Face the loss calmly, get rid of it, persist, and be the master of fate. If you don't lose hope, you will achieve great success.

14, unique effect

In interpersonal communication, if the two sides have a good relationship, one side is more likely to accept some views and positions of the other side, and even refuse the embarrassing demands put forward by the other side. This is called "self-effect" in psychology. For example, if the same idea is said by someone you like, it will be faster and easier to accept. If it is said by someone you hate, you may instinctively resist. There is a saying: "You are one of our own, and you can say anything; Not one of our own. Everything goes by the rules. "

? Application: always stand in the same position as students and parents. Please use "we" instead of "you" in your speech.

15, other important impacts

American sociologist Mills pointed out that it refers to a specific person who has an important influence in the process of individual socialization and psychological personality formation. Important people may be parents, elders, brothers and sisters, teachers, classmates, even passers-by or strangers who meet by chance. Important people can be divided into: ★ interactive important people ★ idolized important people.

16, Lingemann effect

Lingemann's famous "rope-pulling" experiment analyzed the performance of a single person in the group in the process of rope-pulling. When he asked more and more people to participate in the rope pulling, Lingemann found that although the overall pulling force increased, the average pulling force exerted by each member decreased, which was contrary to the traditional theory that members worked harder in team work. Lingemann attributed it to the so-called "social inertia" at that time, that is, a group or team often "hides" the phenomenon of lack of individual efforts.

Application: Because everyone can't give full play to their best ability when pulling the rope together, when the teacher assigns tasks to the children, it is 1, grouping. 2, the responsibility to distinguish between people.

The influence of 17 and 3 on 1

? The psychological "3 pairs 1 rule" means that the best way to persuade others or make embarrassing demands is for several people to put pressure on each other at the same time.

Application: all kinds of trivial disputes in the class. The establishment of the adjustment Committee in the class is very effective. After all, these trivial children can be solved. In the past, I only trained children how to adjust, and one or two students handled one thing at a time. It seems that they can be divided into groups in the future, with three people in each group.

18, crocodile principle

Suppose the crocodile bit your foot. If you try to get rid of your feet with your hands, crocodiles will bite your feet and hands at the same time. The more you struggle, the more you get bitten. So, in case a crocodile bites your foot, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.

19, catfish effect

In the past, the survival rate of sardines in transportation was very low. Later, it was found that if a catfish was put in sardines, the situation would be improved and the survival rate would be greatly improved. Why is this? It turns out that catfish will be "impatient" and wander around when they arrive in a strange environment, which undoubtedly stirs up a large number of quiet sardines; And sardines found such an "alien molecule", which naturally made them nervous and accelerated their swimming speed. In this way, the problem of hypoxia of sardines will be solved, and sardines will not die.

20. Herd effect

Where the first sheep goes, the sheep behind follow. Herd effect was originally a term in stock investment, which mainly refers to the phenomenon that investors learn, imitate, "follow the trend" and blindly imitate others in the trading process, thus leading them to buy and sell the same stock in a certain period of time.

Application: the most important thing in the construction of class committees.

2 1, hedgehog rule (psychological distance effect)

Two sleepy hedgehogs huddled together because of the cold. But because each of them had thorns, they kept a distance, but they were too cold to stand, so they got together. After many twists and turns, the two hedgehogs finally found a suitable distance: they can get each other's warmth without getting stuck.

22, the law of watches

The law of watches means that when a person has a watch, he can know what time it is, but when he has two watches at the same time, he is not sure. Two watches can't tell a person a more accurate time, but will make people who look at the watch lose confidence in the accurate time.

Enlightenment: You can't use two different methods for the same person or organization, you can't set two different goals at the same time, and even everyone can't be commanded by two people at the same time.

23, 28 law (Valledo's law)

80% wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20% people, while 80% people only have 20% social wealth. The 28 th Law tells us that we should not analyze, handle and treat problems equally, but should focus on solving major problems and grasping major projects.

Application: focused! In learning, 80% of the time is spent on 20% of key error-prone content, and guidance is given, and 80% of the energy is spent on 20% of key students. ? Learn to find children's difficulties and help them in time where they are stuck.

24. Matthew effect

It is used to describe the widespread polarization in the field of social life.

25, birdcage logic

Hang a beautiful birdcage in the most conspicuous place in the room. In a few days, the owner will definitely make one of the following two choices: throw away the birdcage or buy a bird and put it in the birdcage. This is the birdcage logic. The reason for birdcage logic is simple: people think inertia most of the time. It can be seen how important it is to cultivate logical thinking in life and work.

26. Decentralization of responsibilities

? People call this phenomenon the responsibility of many bystanders spreading from bankruptcy.

27. Hawthorne effect

The experimenter effect in psychology. This effect tells us that when students or themselves are concerned or watched by the public, the efficiency of learning and communication will be greatly improved. Therefore, we should learn to get along well with others in our daily life and understand what kind of behavior is accepted and appreciated by our classmates and teachers. Only by constantly increasing your good behavior in life and study can you get more people's attention and appreciation, and you can make your study progress and be confident!

28. Acquired helplessness syndrome

Being at the mercy of others because of repeated failure or punishment refers to a hopeless behavior and psychological state formed through learning. If people produce learned helplessness, it will become a deep despair and sorrow.

29, the witness's memory

Psychological research has proved that the testimony provided by many witnesses is inaccurate or personal, with personal views and consciousness.

30. False sympathy bias

The tendency to overestimate the number of people with the same characteristics as your behavior and attitude is called "false empathy bias". Some factors will affect the intensity of your false empathy bias:

(1) When external attribution is stronger than internal attribution;

(2) When the current behavior or event is very important to someone;

(3) When you are very sure or firmly believe in your point of view;

(4) When your status or normal life and study are threatened;

(5) Talking about some positive qualities or personalities;

(6) When you treat others like yourself.