Reduce the oxidation of fat and protein. Oxidation products of fat and protein are harmful to human body. As early as 1950s, American medical experts first reported that lycopene has anticancer effect. Later, through epidemiological investigation and many animal experiments, it was proved that lycopene has the function of preventing and inhibiting malignant tumors and cancers. The concentration of lycopene in blood is negatively correlated with the incidence of prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and skin cancer. Especially in the prevention of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the main diseases that endanger men's health. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 40,000 people in the United States die of prostate cancer every year. Studies have proved that increasing the intake of lycopene can reduce the risk of prostate cancer, while other carotenoids such as A- carotene B, B- carotene B, lutein and cryptoxanthin have no obvious correlation with the occurrence of prostate cancer. Edward et al. found that if you eat tomatoes or tomato products more than twice a week, the risk of prostate cancer will be reduced by 2l% 30%, 30% to 30%. Lycopene can not only prevent but also treat prostate cancer. It was found that patients with prostate cancer took 30 nag natural lycopene product (1.0-Ma. ) once a day, after taking it for 3 weeks, the tumor becomes smaller and the condition is relieved.
In the aspect of cancer prevention, 1996-98 treated 200 healthy people, 38 patients and 94/kloc-0 hospitalized cancer patients with lycopene.
It is found that lycopene has obvious inhibitory effect on oral cancer, laryngeal cancer and esophageal cancer. Studies have also shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer and colon cancer; It can also prevent the formation of lung cancer. It can reduce the cholesterol content in plasma. Eating 60mg lycopene every day for 3 months can reduce the cholesterol concentration by 14%.
After overdose (3000mg/kg per day) in mice, there was no abnormality in 4- 13 weeks, indicating that lycopene had no side effects.
At present, lycopene is a good dietary supplement against cancer (inhibition) and cancer. Lycopene is oil soluble and water soluble. In the world, lycopene is a good supplement that people pay attention to, and the international demand is increasing. It has gradually attracted people's attention in China. Recently, doctors in New Delhi, India, found that lycopene can improve the quality of male sperm. In this experiment, infertile men aged 23 to 45 were asked to take lycopene orally twice a day, two milligrams each time. After three months, check the concentration, vitality and shape of their sperm again. Three quarters of men's sperm motility and morphology were improved, and 20% of men's sperm concentration was improved. At the end of the experiment, all six wives were pregnant, so the results of this experiment have substantial statistical significance.
The content of lycopene in testes of healthy men is high, while that of infertile men is low. Oral lycopene has positive benefits in the treatment of unexplained male infertility, but the specific treatment plan still needs to be determined through large-scale randomized clinical trials. The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases rank first in many developed countries, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has also risen rapidly in most developing countries, becoming one of the major diseases. At present, the measures to slow down arteriosclerosis and protect cardiovascular system mainly include reducing smoking and reasonable diet (referring to eating more nutrients rich in carotenoids B and antioxidant vitamins). Studies have proved that increasing the intake of foods rich in carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins can prevent
Arteriosclerosis. Lycopene is a carotenoid with the highest antioxidant activity. It can protect the cardiovascular system by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol and increasing the receptor of macrophage low density lipoprotein (1j) L. Principle: Lycopene is an aliphatic hydrocarbon with 1 1 carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond. Insoluble in water, insoluble in methanol and ethanol, soluble in ether, petroleum ether, hexane and acetone, soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, benzene and other organic solvents. According to this characteristic, lycopene can be extracted from tomato with lipophilic organic solvent.
Technological process: tomato _+mashed into mud _+dried and crushed, extracted with organic solvent, filtered, filtered and concentrated.
Extraction pH, extraction temperature and extraction time are the most important factors affecting the extraction effect. Organic solvent extraction method has the advantages of less equipment, simple process and convenient operation, but because tomatoes also contain other components, and organic solvents will have trace residues. Only by solvent extraction, the purity of the product is generally not high, and the lycopene content is about 5%- 15%. Usually, lycopene crystals are not produced, but an oily substance, namely lycopene oleoresin. Principle: At higher pressure, the difference between liquid phase and gas phase is reduced. When it reaches a certain temperature and pressure, the difference disappears and merges into one phase, which becomes a critical point. The temperature and pressure at this time are called critical temperature and critical pressure respectively. When the temperature and pressure exceed the critical point, the nature of its fluid is between liquid and gas, which is called supercritical fluid. Supercritical fluid has the characteristics of gas-liquid duality, which not only has high permeability and low viscosity equivalent to gas, but also has density similar to liquid and excellent solubility in substances. It can extract useful components from raw materials, so as to achieve the required separation purpose, especially suitable for heat-sensitive components such as lycopene.
Process flow: fresh red tomato raw materials are beaten, squeezed, filtered, dried in vacuum, crushed, screened, weighed, put into an extraction tank, sealed and controlled with appropriate working parameters, extracted statically and dynamically, separated under reduced pressure, separated by a column to obtain lycopene, and the product quality is inspected.
Parameter selection:
Uses of the carrier: the carrier is anhydrous ethanol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, soybean salad oil, etc. The dosage is 30mL/ 100g dry matter, and the carrier is preferably soybean salad oil.
Selection of extraction pressure: Under the same temperature and other conditions, increasing pressure can increase the density of co:, enhance the solubility of lycopene, reduce the mass transfer distance between substances, increase the mass transfer rate and concentration difference, which is beneficial to the extraction of substances, but with the increase of extraction pressure, the extraction rate does not increase linearly. At the same time, according to the equipment pressure range and operating cost, it is more appropriate to choose 30MPa as the extraction pressure. Selection of extraction temperature: the extraction temperature has a double influence on the extraction effect. Increasing the temperature is beneficial to increase the volatility of solute, improve the diffusion coefficient of substance and extract lycopene. On the other hand, after reaching a certain temperature, increasing the temperature further reduces the density and concentration of CO2, resulting in a decrease in the solubility of CO, which is not conducive to extraction.
Selection of extraction time: The specific time depends on the model selection of extraction equipment. Principle: The enzyme reaction method mainly uses the enzyme contained in tomato skin to react to extract lycopene. In this method, pectinase in tomato skin reacts with cellulase under alkaline conditions to decompose pectin and cellulose, so that the protein complex of lycopene can be dissolved out of cells.
Process flow: cleaning fresh tomatoes (roughly weighed)-100℃ blanching and peeling (completed in 5-7 seconds)-pulping-heating to inactivate enzymes (85℃), cooling to 55℃, adjusting pH to about 4.5 (using phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide), adding mixed enzyme of pectinase and cellulase (0.5g//kloc-0). Most of the fatty glycerides and various free fatty acids in tomatoes were removed, and then the crude extract of lycopene was obtained by organic solvent extraction. Then the crude extract was saponified for the second time, so that protein, fatty acid and fatty glyceride in tomato cell fragments were separated to form water-soluble saponified products, and the water-insoluble lycopene contained in them was released. Finally, high purity lycopene crystals were obtained by recrystallization.
Process flow: fresh tomatoes are washed, frozen and dehydrated, and pretreated with organic solvent. Alkali is added to the water bath for saponification. +water washing to neutral mixed solvent to extract lycopene-rich extract. +Distillation under reduced pressure was conducted to concentrate lycopene oleoresin. Mix lycopene oleoresin and glycerol evenly, and then add the ethanol solution of KoH. After full reaction, add distilled water and mix evenly, and let the oil phase stand for layering. The oil phase was washed to neutrality, and the treated oily resin was dissolved in acetone at 50℃ to remove insoluble substances. Its principle is to place it at room temperature: during the extraction process, microwave penetrates the extraction medium and penetrates into the cells of the substance, so that the polar molecules in the substance collide and rub violently with the change of external electromagnetic field, so that the temperature in the substance rises rapidly, thus causing the cells to rupture and the effective components in the cells to flow out freely and be dissolved by the solvent.
Process flow: fresh tomatoes are washed and pulped, organic solvent is added, microwave heating extraction, filtration and vacuum evaporation of organic solvent are carried out.