We divide in vivo immunity into Thl cellular immunity against intracellular viruses and bacteria and Th2 humoral immunity against extracellular foreign bodies (such as pollen).
Allergy is equivalent to Th2' s aggressive struggle against allergens. When healthy, Th 1/Th2 is in balance. Once Th1/TH2 is out of balance, TH2 is too heavy and Th1is relatively too light. Once this pattern becomes a fixed pattern, the child is called an allergic child.
Why is the baby allergic?
What deserves our attention is that the immune response generated by the development of embryos in uterus and newborns is mainly Th2 humoral immune response. Therefore, the characteristics of the newborn population itself are doomed to be allergic!
The best time to stop allergies
It is worth noting that infancy is a process in which Th 1/Th2 is gradually balanced. In this process, if the secretion of Th2 cytokines increases due to improper nursing or allergic reaction for a long time, the immune regulation of the body will be disordered, which will eventually lead to allergic diseases and form a lifelong Th2 excessive pattern, and it will become an allergic child. Therefore, to prevent and treat allergies, we should seize this important physical formation period of infants and give correct intervention, and the sooner the better!
Five common symptoms of baby allergy
Itchy skin and rash.
Some babies are eating certain foods, such as drinking milk, eating eggs, peanuts, or seafood (such as shrimp,
After eating food such as crab, children's body will have itchy skin and rash, and even some children will have symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Parents must consider the possibility of food allergy, especially when the symptoms appear repeatedly after eating certain foods.
The same situation may happen after taking some drugs.
Ectopic dermatitis (or ringworm of milk)
Ectopic dermatitis is closely related to congenital allergic constitution, and it is a chronic itching disease that occurs on the skin, and it occurs in families with allergic history, and these babies often carry other allergic diseases.
Whistling cough
Babies with asthma often have symptoms of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing when breathing after respiratory tract infection in childhood. Due to the narrow diameter of the baby's trachea, when the virus invades the bronchioles of children, it will cause inflammation, edema and increased sputum secretion of the tracheal mucosa, blocking the unobstructed respiratory tract, causing shortness of breath, dyspnea, panting, coughing, chest muscle depression when inhaling, and wheezing when exhaling.
Frequent runny nose, stuffy nose, rubbing nose and rubbing eyes.
In the season when the weather changes greatly, especially in spring and autumn, allergic babies often have sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, itchy nose, rubbing nose and other symptoms, and are often prone to relapse. Many parents mistakenly think that it is a "cold" that is not easy to cure. In fact, this is also the culprit of allergies.
If the baby's "cold" has not improved or recurred for a long time, his parents should consider the possibility of allergies.
Diseases related to respiratory allergy
Although the relationship between some diseases and allergies is not very strong, they are related to allergies, such as otitis media, sinusitis (yellow runny nose, chronic cough), wheezing (hoarseness, dyspnea, cough like a dog barking), pneumonia and so on. This is because the structure of the respiratory tract communicates with each other, so people with allergies (such as asthma and allergic rhinitis) often have other organs around their main allergic organs affected.
Expert interview
Qin Yan
Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Neonatology, Shanghai No.1 Maternal and Infant Health Hospital, specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diseases and pediatric internal diseases (immunity, such as allergies, etc.).
Expert interview record: What should I do if my baby is allergic? >
Question 2: What about babies with allergies? How should children improve their allergies? Little babies can't tell whether they are allergic or not. Early digestive tract problems or eczema on the skin are not equal to real allergies. The so-called allergic constitution generally refers to frequent asthma, airway allergy and persistent rhinitis after growing up, and then it can be diagnosed. Generally, babies are not all really allergic six months ago, but they may just be intolerant of something. Lactase deficiency will cause secondary symptoms of lactase deficiency, and it is not an allergic problem. Timely supplementation of lactase drops can alleviate it. To prevent allergic constitution, it is mainly to ensure nutritional intake. When the baby grows up, other allergies may occur with age, such as asthmatic pneumonia and asthmatic tracheitis, and it may become allergic. We need to ensure the nutrition intake, take proper and timely care of the sick, and wash hands more for adults, and don't bring pathogenic bacteria home. For the baby, it is necessary to strengthen physical fitness, increase exercise, and don't wear too much clothes. Once you are in good health, there will be fewer problems.
Question 3: What should children do with allergic constitution? According to the epidemiological survey published by the World Health Organization, the incidence of allergic diseases has tripled in the past 30 years, involving 22% of the global population. In China, infants and young children are the most threatened by allergies. At present, 1/5 babies are suffering from allergies. Recently, the reporter of Life Times interviewed Professor Chen Tongxin, director of the Department of Immunology of Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Professor Shanmi Wang, deputy director of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University People's Hospital. Experts pointed out that correct prevention and care are the key to anti-allergy. With the growth of age, baby allergies will present different symptoms at different stages, and the nursing methods are also different.
0~6 months: For newborns, due to less contact with the outside world, simple diet, and imperfect gastrointestinal and immune development, milk protein allergy is most likely to occur. Studies have shown that about 5%~ 15% of newborns have symptoms of suspected milk protein allergy, which are usually manifested as indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea and eczema after drinking milk.
Prevention and nursing: First of all, we should try our best to choose a natural delivery mode. Studies have shown that cesarean section will increase the risk of allergies in infants by three times, and natural delivery is conducive to the establishment and maturity of the baby's intestinal and systemic immune system. Secondly, exclusive breastfeeding for 4~6 months can effectively reduce the baby's allergies, and adding Kangminyuan anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria to lactating mothers or babies can also prevent allergies. Finally, if breast milk is insufficient, it is best to choose a moderately hydrolyzed formula for high-risk allergic newborns (parents have allergic diseases, cesarean section babies, etc.) to reduce the risk of milk protein allergy.
6 months to 2 years old: after the baby adds complementary food, it is easy to have food allergies. The main manifestations are severe eczema, urticaria, asthma, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Common foods that can easily cause baby allergies are soybeans, wheat, peanuts, eggs, fish and shrimp.
Prevention and nursing: it is best to add complementary food after 6 months, and follow the principle of "adding a small amount, adding one at a time". If you have allergic symptoms, stop eating in time. Give children more fresh vegetables, fruits and green food. Eczema Baobao should wear loose cotton clothes at ordinary times, new clothes should be washed before wearing, and skin cream without * * * should be applied immediately after bathing. If necessary, you can go to the hospital for allergen testing and symptomatic treatment.
The intestinal morphology of children with food allergy may not change, but the intestinal permeability is enhanced. Supplementing the baby with anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria (Chinese name: Kangminyuan Probiotics) is to use probiotics harmless to the human body, including patented anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria strains: Lactobacillus salivarius PM-A0006, Lactobacillus Grignard PM-A0005, Lactobacillus yoelii PM-A0009 and lactobacillus paracasei LP. It can effectively * * * immune cells produce cytokines such as INF, IL- 10, and make the TH 1 type immune system develop well. As a kind of intestinal bacteria, antiallergic probiotics can prevent and treat food allergies in many ways by adjusting the proportion of flora, enhancing the intestinal barrier function, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators, inhibiting the rise of TH2 cells in peripheral blood, inducing oral tolerance, etc. At present, research shows that there are differences in the intestinal microecological environment between allergic children and healthy children, and this difference can last for more than 2 years.
3-7 years old: Clinical statistics show that more than 80% of children's asthma is caused by allergies, and nearly 1/2 children with asthma have symptoms such as cough, asthma and dyspnea before the age of 3. Among them, allergic cough is a variant of asthma, manifested as chronic cough, which is often considered by parents as respiratory infection.
Prevention and care: Parents should not overuse disinfectants and disinfectants. Being too "clean" may make the baby lack contact with microorganisms, inhibit the development of its immune system and cause allergies. Reduce contact with pollen, plush toys, animal fur and other substances that are easy to cause allergies. For babies who need to inhale hormones or long-acting adrenergic agonists for a long time, they should be equipped with a peak current meter at home to measure lung function in the morning and evening, and keep an asthma diary to adjust the drug dosage in time. In allergic cough and children with allergic asthma, it is necessary to insist on supplementing Kangminyuan, an antiallergic lactic acid bacteria, to help adjust allergic constitution and balance TH 1/TH2 immune function, which can control the onset.
After 7 years old: allergic symptoms after 7 years old are mainly allergic rhinitis, which may last until adulthood. Allergic rhinitis can be divided into seasonal and perennial. The most common rhinitis in spring is seasonal rhinitis, which is mostly related to inhaled allergens such as pollen. Sick babies can often rub their noses, shed tears and sneeze ...... > >