(The whole plant of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a creeping herb of Cucurbitaceae, and many other plants of the same genus. Also known as Hedysarum esculentum, Ganman Tea, Small Bitter Medicine and Five Leaves Ginseng. It is distributed or cultivated in all provinces south of the Yangtze River. Harvest in autumn, wash and dry in the sun. For cutting. [Properties] Sweet and bitter, slightly cold. It has effects in invigorating qi, calming nerves, lowering blood pressure, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm. [Reference] It contains a variety of gypenosides, 9 trace elements such as flavonoid glycosides, sugar, selenium, copper, manganese, zinc and iron, and 18 amino acids. It has good anti-stress effect and ginseng-like adaptogen effect; Can enhance specific and nonspecific immunity; Can promote learning and memory, and has anti-aging effect; Has the effects of lowering blood sugar, reducing blood lipid and protecting liver; It has the effects of resisting platelet aggregation, dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, increasing coronary flow, and resisting myocardial ischemia and hypoxia; It has protective effect on acute cerebral ischemia; It has obvious anti-tumor effect in vivo and in vitro. [Purpose] Used for asthenia due to qi deficiency and asthenia due to lack of qi; Upset and insomnia; Hypertension, dizziness; Viral hepatitis; Digestive tract tumor; Chronic bronchitis. [Usage] 6~ 15g a day. Make tea, decoct soup, soak in wine, and grind. [Attachment] 1, Gynostemma pentaphyllum 10g, Polygonum multiflorum 15g, Ophiopogon japonicus 12g. Decoct water, or soak it in boiling water. This prescription uses Gynostemma pentaphyllum to replenish qi and soothe the nerves, Polygonum multiflorum to nourish the heart and soothe the nerves, and Ophiopogon japonicus to nourish yin and clear the heart. It can be used for treating qi deficiency, heart yin deficiency, palpitation and insomnia, restlessness due to heat. 2. Gynostemma pentaphyllum Eucommiae Tea: Gynostemma pentaphyllum 15g, Eucommia ulmoides leaves 10g. Soak in boiling water. This prescription uses both of them to lower blood pressure, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the functions of clearing away heat and calming the nerves. Used for hypertension, dizziness, headache, restlessness, insomnia and irritability. 3. Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Lysimachia christinae drink: Gynostemma pentaphyllum 15g, Lysimachia christinae 50g. Add appropriate amount of brown sugar and decoct in water. In this prescription, Gynostemma pentaphyllum is used to clear heat and detoxify, and Lysimachia christinae is used to clear heat, promote diuresis and eliminate jaundice. Used for viral hepatitis, with symptoms of damp-heat yellowing and scanty urine Huang Chi. Identification of Gynostemma pentaphyllum: Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a perennial herbaceous vine belonging to Gynostemma pentaphyllum of Cucurbitaceae, also known as Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Fushoucao. Because of its sweet taste, it is named Gancha vine in Japan, and the seven-leaf one produced in Yunnan has a bitter taste, also known as Hedysarum. Gynostemma pentaphyllum can be described as "food, medicine and drink". Gynostemma pentaphyllum was recorded as early as the Ming Dynasty's "Herbal Medicine for Saving the Famine", and it was used as a wild vegetable to replace grain to overcome hunger. Modern Japanese scholars found that Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains saponins with the same chemical structure as ginsenoside, and more than 80 kinds of saponins were separated, which attracted the attention of all countries. Gynostemma pentaphyllum is also rich in small molecular polysaccharides. /kloc-more than 0/8 kinds of free amino acids; Rich in vitamins; More than 23 kinds of macro and trace elements, especially boron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, selenium, copper, etc. And abundant flavonoid bioactive substances. Clinically, it is widely used for reducing blood fat, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood sugar, reducing weight, resisting cancer, resisting fatigue, resisting ulcer, resisting stress, resisting dementia, improving sleep, relieving constipation, beautifying hair and delaying aging. Since 1980s, China has investigated resources and developed products, some of which have entered the international market. It is a healthy fashion to develop Gynostemma pentaphyllum into tea, but it is difficult to choose which makes consumers dizzy. The color is mixed, the price is uneven, and the varieties are mixed. How to identify them has become a new topic. The following is a discussion. First of all, it can be distinguished from the smell: the high-quality ones, especially the wild ones, have a faint scent of Shan Ye, and their breath is natural and fresh without any affectation, and it is very long, and it is still maintained over the years. Poor, its odor is very shallow or unnatural. Poor people, such as smelling dried vegetables or simply odorless and tasteless. Secondly, from the perspective of the color of the soup brewed with hot water, it is the best. The color of the soup is light green, clear and transparent, which makes people love it. Moreover, it has been soaked for a long time and still does not change its color after repeated brewing. Poor people, just like self-knowledge, are ashamed. They refuse to be excellent for a long time, and those who are out of it are old and yellow. Generally, they rush to the second time, and their colors have faded. Fake people, their Excellence is even more evasive, as if it is difficult to see people, and their soup is pale and pale. Look at the shape of its brewing again: its high-quality wild tender leaves and tender stems that are curled up after brewing must be quickly opened, with five compound leaves and shallow teeth on the leaf margin. Because the thin leaves are tender, there are fragments from time to time, but the stems and leaves stretch, just like the wings of a light swallow, and the volume doubles. The poor ones have thick stems and leaves, and even the vines and leaves are long, which is not elegant. The forger is a vine with big leaves, which is vulgar and difficult to be juxtaposed with tea. Fourth, you can taste the taste: the best one is not bitter, slightly bitter, not very sweet, but has a sweet aftertaste, which is very natural and refreshing. Even those who don't like tea, they will be connected with each other and drink nonstop. Because of different places of origin, some are sweet and some are bitter. Those who are sweet are slightly better at regulating the spleen, while those who are bitter are strong in clearing away heat and detoxifying, as long as they are mellow. It should be noted that some products, because of their bitter taste, are artificially added with sugar during processing, so their bitter taste is mixed with sweet taste, which is unnatural and difficult to drink. Another kind is bitter with acid, chewed with gum texture and numb tongue, which is obviously not the real thing, but a fake one. Because of its very similar appearance, vigorous growth and easy harvesting, speculators often use it to confuse the real thing with the fake one. Fifth, it depends on the place of origin: Gynostemma pentaphyllum has 16 species and 2 varieties all over the world, China has 14 species and 2 varieties, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been cultivated artificially all over the country. With the improvement of health awareness, wild products that are not polluted by pesticides and artificial chemicals are precious and favored by the market. There are several well-known ones, such as Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the primeval forest of Dayaoshan, Guangxi, with good texture. In addition, the bitter Gynostemma pentaphyllum produced in Shennongjia, Hubei Province has strong heat-clearing and detoxicating power and good curative effect, but it is only in a corner and rarely seen in the national market. It is very precious: Gynostemma pentaphyllum Longxu, which is abundant in Qinba, Shaanxi Province, is fertile because of the mountain soil. At present, many products are not marked with the origin, so consumers should not be easily fooled because of their low prices. Sixth, it can be used: those with excellent quality can prevent chronic diseases and can be assisted by drugs for acute diseases; Poor quality is weak, and counterfeiters are counterproductive. The development and research of Gynostemma pentaphyllum is deepening, and the identification of Gynostemma pentaphyllum needs to be accumulated continuously. My humble article is only a brick to attract jade, hoping to further discuss with the fans of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and get to the root of the matter. [Edit this paragraph] Information 1 Gynostemma pentaphyllum is produced in Shennongjia, the virgin forest of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. It is a cucurbitaceae plant and has been widely used by the people in ancient times. It is regarded as a "magical" "longevity herb". It was called "immortal grass" in the Ming Dynasty. The name of Gynostemma pentaphyllum started from 1525, the book "Herbal Medicine for Famine Relief" written by Zhu Di in the fourth year of Jiading in Ming Dynasty, and China Pharmacopoeia is also called Gynostemma pentaphyllum. It has been found that Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains more than 50 kinds of saponins besides sterols, sugars and pigments, including tetracyclic triterpenoids, including four kinds of aesculin Ⅲ, Ⅳ, ⅶ, which are the same substances as ginsenoside Rb 1, Rb3, Rd and F2, respectively, and the Rd is eight times that of ginseng, which is a selenium-enriched plant without sex hormones. ; Its acid hydrolysate has the same physical and chemical properties as the acid hydrolysate of ginsenoside-panaxadiol. This is very rare in non-Araliaceae plants, so it is known as the "second ginseng". Aescin has obvious inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells such as liver cancer, lung cancer, uterine cancer and skin cancer. Pharmacological experiments and clinical applications in Japan have proved that Gynostemma pentaphyllum not only has the effects of nourishing, calming, hypnotizing, anti-tension, stimulating appetite, reducing blood fat, cholesterol, transaminase and delaying aging, but also can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous and transform cancer cells into normal cells. Clinically, it can be used for more than 20 kinds of cancers such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and uterine cancer, and can also prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, improve obesity, prevent and treat hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and treat migraine, gray hair, insomnia, and anxiety disorder. Thus showing a broad medicinal prospect. Gynostemma pentaphyllum is mainly composed of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponin (GP), which, like ginsenoside, can aggregate platelets, prevent atherosclerosis and provide sufficient nutrients for cells. Ensure smooth blood flow. Reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because it also contains saponins different from ginsenoside, Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the effects of calming and nourishing yin, and has no toxic side effects, so it is suitable for long-term consumption. 1986, the state science and technology commission listed Gynostemma pentaphyllum as the first "precious Chinese herbal medicine" to be developed in the "Spark Plan". On March 5, 2002, the Ministry of Health listed it as a health care product. Data 2 Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the following health care functions: ① Strengthening the stomach and promoting digestion and absorption: After taking Gynostemma pentaphyllum, the gastrointestinal peristalsis is accelerated, and the appetite is increased for a long time, which can cure constipation and loose stool. ② Tonifying the brain and calming the nerves: the response to the excitation and inhibition of the cerebral cortex can maintain a proper balance, and it has a two-way regulating effect on the central nervous system. It has excellent analgesic, hypnotic and anti-tension effects. ③ Protecting the heart and pulse: on the basis of reducing the tension of myocardial wall and relieving the resistance of cerebrovascular and peripheral blood vessels, it can enhance the vitality of heart and brain, increase the flow of coronary artery, relieve arteriosclerosis, and promote the overall circulation to be more vigorous and smooth. ④ Regulating fat and losing weight: The experiment proved that the content of bile solid and neutral fat in the body was similar when taking Gynostemma pentaphyllum group instead of eating fat and meat, compared with that in the Gynostemma pentaphyllum group. It can be seen that Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a benign transformation and regulation effect on human body fat. ⑤ Fitness strength: Compared with the dissatisfied mice, the swimming time after taking Gynostemma pentaphyllum is about 3 1-57%, and the physical recovery is much faster. After taking Gynostemma pentaphyllum, people are more energetic, less tired, and easy to recover even if they are tired, thus greatly increasing work efficiency. ⑥ Anti-allergy: A certain part of the human body is weak, and it will be allergic to certain substances, resulting in bronchial wheezing, skin papules, joint pain and other diseases. Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a good effect on these diseases. ⑦ Anti-cancer: Pharmacological experiments have proved that Gynostemma pentaphyllum not only can prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous, but also can promote cancer cells to gradually return to normal. Compared with the non-compliance group, the cancer tumor in the mice treated with Gynostemma pentaphyllum is reduced by 44.8% and the survival period is prolonged by 53.3%. ⑧ Anti-aging beauty: The experiment of human cell culture shows that the regeneration times of human skin cells, fetal and lung cells are 22 generations and 5 1 generation, and the extracted gypenosides can be extended to 27 generations and 55 generations respectively. This proves that Gynostemma pentaphyllum plays a significant role in cell rejuvenation. People who often drink Gynostemma pentaphyllum can strengthen blood circulation, promote regular metabolism, and thus maintain and restore skin fitness. Data 3 Overview of studies on Gynostemma pentaphyllum at home and abroad 1. It is recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica and National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine that drinking Gynostemma pentaphyllum can treat tracheitis, pharyngolaryngitis, migraine, lower blood pressure, lower blood lipid and help sleep. Second, it is recorded on page 380 of Clinical Series of TCM in Ming and Qing Dynasties that Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the functions of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, clearing away lung-heat and resolving phlegm, nourishing heart and calming nerves, producing sperm and solidifying sperm. Third, the first volume of the Manual of Color Pictures of Chinese Herbal Medicine records that Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, and has a strong and nourishing effect similar to that of ginseng. Clinical application in the treatment of chronic tracheitis, various tumors, ulcers, insomnia, headache, etc. Fourth, the research and clinical application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Japan, as recorded in Pharmaceutical Journal and Foreign Medicine, can nourish and strengthen the body, regulate human body function in two directions, enhance physical fitness and improve immunity. Regulating blood pressure, reducing blood fat, lowering blood sugar and losing weight. Calm the nerves, improve sleep and treat neurasthenia. Clearing away heat and toxic materials can clear toxins in the body, inhibit cell canceration and kill cancer cells. Increase the number of generations of human cells and delay aging. [Edit this paragraph] Textual research on Gynostemma pentaphyllum was first published in "Materia Medica for Disaster Relief", and it goes: "Gynostemma pentaphyllum is born in the field, growing on a vine. Its leaves are like small blue leaves, short and thin, with serrated edges, and it looks like grass. The leaves are soft and light green. Five leaves are gathered together, with small flowers and yellow flowers, and some are white flowers. The seeds are as big as peas, and they are green and ripe when they are born. According to its growth environment and morphological characteristics, it is described as this species. [Edit this paragraph] The reputation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum is called "Gospel Grass" in Japan, "Green Gold" in the United States, "Bodybuilding Goddess" and "bane of all diseases" in Singapore and Malaysia, and it has many reputations such as "Oriental God Grass" and "Southern Ginseng" in China. [Edit this paragraph] Zhu Di and Gynostemma pentaphyllum Zhu Di, the fifth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, were fond of learning since childhood, and they were good at words and fu. In the early Ming Dynasty, the grass was barren and the people were in poverty. Zhu Di examined 4 14 species of wild plants that can save the famine, and confirmed that the edible flowers, roots, dry bark and leaves were divided into five parts, namely grass, wood, valley, fruit and vegetable, and they were illustrated one by one, and named "Herbal Medicine for Saving Famine" for use in famine years. It was published in 1404, and has made great contributions to dietotherapy and nutrition. Gynostemma pentaphyllum, praised as "Southern Ginseng" by later generations, was included in this book for the first time. Gynostemma pentaphyllum, bitter and sour in taste, cold in nature, is born in the shady and humid places in the mountains. It grows mostly in the south of the Yellow River Basin in China, and it is appropriate to harvest it in July and August of the lunar calendar. It is used as a medicinal whole grass or rhizome. Aliases include Hedysarum esculentum, Bitter Medicine, Rooting everywhere, etc. The efficacy can be summarized as nourishing heart and spleen, benefiting qi and blood, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis. Modern research shows that Gynostemma pentaphyllum contains a variety of amino acids, vitamins and trace elements such as calcium, iron and potassium. Clinical experiments have proved that Gynostemma pentaphyllum not only has the health care functions of relieving fatigue, stimulating appetite, calming and hypnotizing, delaying aging, etc., but also plays a significant role in preventing and treating diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, infectious hepatitis and migraine. There is a folk slang that "there is Changbai ginseng in the north and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the south", which shows that Gynostemma pentaphyllum has similar effects with ginseng. It is often decocted with brown sugar water, which has certain effects of anti-fatigue, promoting sleep and improving memory. As a health product with homology of medicine and food, its development prospect is very considerable. [Edit this paragraph] Clinical application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum 1. Elderly hyperlipidemia, simple obesity. 2. Cough in the elderly makes phlegm sticky. 3. Clinical research example: Clinical observation has confirmed that Gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponin capsule has anti-aging effect, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum has certain treatment or improvement effect on senile memory loss, hyperlipidemia, senile chronic bronchitis, malignant tumor, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and senile white hair. For example, Gynostemma pentaphyllum granules 1 bag (equivalent to 2 g of crude drug, with total saponins not less than 40 mg), taken three times a day for 30-40 days, the total effective rate of treating 42 cases of hypercatemia was 68 .2%, the total effective rate of hypercatemia was 69. 0%, and the total effective rate of HDL C was 63 .3%. Gynostemma pentaphyllum total saponin capsule was used to treat hyperlipidemia 105 cases, and the course of treatment was 2 months, which significantly decreased serum TC, TG and fibrinogen, and increased HDL C. No obvious side effects were found. Gynostemma pentaphyllum oral liquid has a similar effect on 60 cases of hyperlipidemia. Gynostemma pentaphyllum was used to treat 537 elderly patients with chronic bronchitis, 2. 5-3 g each time, with a course of treatment of 10 for three times a day. The total effective rate after treatment was 79%. According to Japanese scholars, long-term use of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract or granule for 3 months ~1year can reduce the gray hair of the elderly by more than 25%. Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponin can be used as a hair conditioner for preventing and treating gray hair. Gynostemma pentaphyllum can improve scalp microcirculation, promote lipid excretion, improve and restore cell vitality, which may be the mechanism of its prevention and treatment of gray hair.