The effects and functions of hairy cherries
1. blood
Cherries have a high iron content, which is located in the first of a variety of fruits. Iron is the synthesis of human hemoglobin, myoglobin raw materials, in the human body immunity, protein synthesis and energy metabolism and other processes, plays an important role, but also with the brain and nerve function, aging process has a close relationship. Eating cherries can supplement the body's demand for iron, promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, not only to prevent and control iron deficiency anemia, but also to enhance physical fitness, brain and intelligence.
2. Prevention and treatment of measles Measles epidemic, to children drinking cherry juice can prevent infection. Cherry kernel has sweat through the rash and detoxification effect.
3. dispel wind and dampness, kill insects
Cherry warm, both tonic and beneficial effects, can dispel wind and dampness, rheumatism, lumbar and leg pain has a good effect. Cherry roots also have a strong insect repellent, insecticidal effect, can drive to kill roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms and so on.
4. astringent pain
Folk experience shows that cherries can treat burns, play the role of astringent pain, prevent the wound blistering pus. At the same time, cherries can also treat mild and severe frostbite.
5. Nourish the face and face
Cherry nutrition is rich in protein, sugar, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C than apples, pears, etc., especially high iron content, often used to rub the face of cherry juice and wrinkles, can make the face of the skin red, white, wrinkles and eliminate spots.
Nutritional value and efficacy of cherries
1. Cherry iron content is particularly high, eating cherries can supplement the body's need for iron to promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, not only to prevent and control iron deficiency anemia, can enhance physical fitness, brain and brain;
2. Cherry nutrients are rich in, with the regulation of the gas, spleen and stomach, rheumatism;
3. Loss of appetite, Indigestion, rheumatism and body pain are beneficial;
4. Regular consumption of cherries can nourish the face, make the skin red and white, wrinkles and spots.
5. Dyspepsia, paralysis, rheumatism, lumbar and leg pain, weakness, colorless people suitable for consumption;
6. Ulcer symptoms, fire, eat with caution; diabetes is contraindicated.
7. Cyanuric acid in wild cherry exists in a large number of seeds and fruits. (So such fruits should not be eaten more)
Hairy Cherry Introduction
Morphological Characteristics Editor
Hairy Cherry is a shrub, usually 0.3-1 meters high, sparsely in the form of small trees, up to 2-3 meters high. The branchlets are purple-brown or gray-brown, and the shoots are densely tomentose to glabrous. Winter buds ovate, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 2-7 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, margins acute or coarsely serrate, dark green or dark green above, sparsely pilose, gray-green below, densely gray tomentose or later becoming sparsely so, lateral veins 4-7 pairs; petiole 2-8 mm long, tomentose or sparsely deciduously so; stipules linear, 3-6 mm long, villous The leaves are linear, 3-6 mm long, villous. [2]
Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2, coetaneous, nearly leaf-opening or leaf-opening; pedicel up to 2.5 mm long or nearly sessile; calyx tube tubular or cupular, 4-5 mm long, pubescent or glabrous externally, sepals triangular-ovate, apex rounded or acute, 2-3 mm long, pubescent or glabrous internally on inner and outer surfaces; petals white or pink, obovate, apex rounded; stamens 20 -25, shorter than petals; styles protruding nearly as long as or slightly longer than stamens; ovary entirely hairy or only apically or basally hairy. [2]
The drupe is subglobose, red, 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter; the surface of the drupe is not furrowed except for longitudinal grooves on both sides of the ridges. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n=16.[2]
Native habitats Edit
Born in forests on mountain slopes, forest margins, thickets, or meadows, 100-3200 m above sea level. It is produced in China in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xizang. [2]
Main Species Editor
Green Calyx Hairy Cherry
Branches are finer than the Hairy Cherry, with a beautiful posture; flower diameter 1.5 cm, slightly smaller than the Hairy Cherry, but the flowers are denser; sepals are green, petals as white as snow, opens in mid- to late-March and is full of blossoms; flowers open more slowly, and the flowering period is longer than that of the Hairy Cherry. [3]
Pendulous hairy cherry
Branches arching pendulous, crown umbrella-shaped, leaves larger, 6.5-7.4 cm long, 3.4-4.3 cm wide; stipules triturated, whole segments finely subulate, short or long stiff glandular hairs on both sides, sparsely pubescent, segments striped lanceolate, 6-12 cm long. The style is shorter than the stamens; the fruit is larger, about 1.25 cm in diam. budding in early and mid-March, blooming in early April, flowering for half a month, spreading the leaves in early and mid-April, the fruit being solidly ripe in early June, and deciduous by the end of October to early November.
The variant is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, with a wide range of adaptability; easy to reproduce, fast-growing. Early flowering, long flowering period, dense flowers, pink-white; fruit maturity early, color red, taste delicious, high ornamental value. The next year after planting the fruit, high fruiting rate. When the fruit is ripe, an arching branch to be hung with strings of pearls, in the green leaves, more elegant and chic. [3]
Growth habit Editor
Light-loving, temperature-loving, moisture-loving, fertilizer-loving fruit trees, suitable for growth in the average annual temperature of 10-12 ℃, annual precipitation of 600-700 mm, the annual sunshine hours of 2600-2800 hours or more under climatic conditions. The average daily temperature is higher than 10℃ for 150-200 days, and the extreme minimum temperature in winter is not lower than -20℃, the place can grow well and have normal results. If there is frost damage in the area, the cherry orchard site can be chosen on the northwest slope where the temperature rises slowly in the spring and the air circulates. Considering that cherry root distribution is shallow and easy to wind fall, the garden site is preferable in the section not subject to wind damage, and the soil is preferable to sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer. It is suitable for cultivation on sandy loam or gravelly loam with deep, loose soil, good permeability and strong water retention. When cultivated in clay-heavy soil, the root system is shallowly distributed and is not resistant to drought, flooding nor wind. Cherry tree on the degree of salinization response is very sensitive, suitable soil pH value of 5.6-7, so saline areas should not Planting Cherry. [4]
Reproduction Editor
Sowing
After the cherry harvest, cut the flesh of the skin of the fruit to take out the kernel, and wash out the flesh attached to the kernel with water, and then put it in the shade to dry for 1-2 days to sow seeds. Sow the seeds directly in shallow pots, and germinate about 10-30 days after sowing. When the seedling grows to 5-10 centimeters, then transplant it in a plastic soft pot. Cherry seeds germinate easily, but their germination is not uniform and some plants often produce seeds that lack a viable embryo, with germination rates often below 30%. Solid fats are late in fruiting age and there is a great deal of variation in quality between seedlings. [4]
By sowing the breeding of cherry trees, pay attention not to make the seed embryo dry, should be picked up with the sowing or wet sand layer after the next spring sowing. Grafting culture can be used as a rootstock for cherry, mountain cherry seedlings. Cutting in late March or budding in late August, live after 3 to 4 years of cultivation, can be planted in the nursery. There are fruiting cherry seeds are sown right after picking, and should not be dried. Because the seeds have dormancy or sand storage in the spring of the following year, in order to cultivate live seedlings for grafting. [4]
Cuttings
In the spring and summer growth period, select half-mature robust branches, diameter 0.7-1.2 cm, each section of 15-20 cm long, attached 4-6 leaves, inserted in river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or a mixture of several kinds of suitable for the seedbed medium, plugs need to be kept moist and shade. The cuttings will develop roots in about 1.5-2 months, and will be transplanted after the roots have grown vigorously. If cuttings are properly managed, they will have a 60-90% survival rate. Cuttings are simple and have the highest success rate. Use current year shoots in summer. Cuttings can be treated with NAA, and the seedbed needs to be shaded, moisturized, and well ventilated in order to have a high survival rate. [4]
Pressing
Selected more than two years of branches, in its lower part near the node of the ring peeling (destruction of the part of the bast, to promote the formation of the upper layer of the place of rooting), and then put the moist velvet grass into a transparent plastic bag to the entire wound wrapped up, up and down the two ends of the tie up. After rooting, the plant is cut off below the pressure strip and potted to become a new plant. Usually, it is easy to root the cherry when it is in its prime growing season (late spring/early summer). Although rooting is easier, but the effect varies greatly between varieties. [4]
Grafting
Because most species of cherry do not bear fruit, therefore, grafting can be used as cherry or mountain cherry as the wood, cut in late March or bud in late August can be. After 3-4 years of cultivation, it can be planted in the nursery. Cherry can also be Koran head grafting, will be tapped scion with cleavage inserted into the rootstock, tightly wrapped in plastic bags, plastic bags to keep warm protection, the survival rate is high, can be used to replace the new varieties. [4]
Cultivation Technology Editor
Planting
Before planting to level the ground, you can dig a diameter of 0.8 meters wide by 0.6 meters deep pit, the pit was first filled with 10 centimeters of organic fertilizer, the seedling into the pit, so that the seedling's roots to the four sides of the extension. After filling the soil with cherry blossoms, lift the seedling upward a little so that the roots spread y, and then step on the ground. The depth of planting is about 5 centimeters from the upper layer of the seedling roots, watering after planting, fully irrigated, and set up with a stick to prevent the wind from blowing down. At the time of planting, apply 15 kg-25 kg of rotted compost per pit slot, and 1 kg to 2 kg of ammonium sulfate per plant in July. After flowering and before germination in early spring, it is necessary to cut away the dead branches, diseased and weak branches, and the ungrown branches, and try to avoid the pruning of thick branches to keep the crown complete. [4]
Watering
Seedlings are susceptible to drought after planting, in addition to adequate irrigation at planting, and irrigation once every 8-10 days thereafter to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. After irrigation, loosen the soil in time, it is best to use grass to cover the surface thinly, to reduce water evaporation. In 2-3 years after planting, to prevent the trunk from drying out, it can be wrapped with straw. However, after 2 to 3 years, the sapling grows new roots and gradually increases its adaptability to the environment, then there is no need to wrap grass. Watering according to precipitation and soil moisture conditions, generally combined with fertilization. Should be sufficient but not excessive, water control tree, water regulating fertilizer. Watering should be done 3-4 times a year. There are water-saving facilities for controlled drip irrigation, which facilitates the integration of water and fertilizer, and improves the utilization of fertilizer and water. [4]
Fertilization
Cherry blossoms are fertilized twice a year, with acidic fertilizer is good. One time is winter fertilizer, in the winter or early spring application of organic fertilizers such as soybean cake, chicken manure and rotting manure; the other time in the blossom after the fall, the application of ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate and other quick-acting fertilizers. General large cherry tree fertilization, can take the method of cave application, that is, in the tree crown: the edge of the positive projection line, digging a ring-shaped ditch about 10 cm deep, will be fertilizer into. This method is both simple and conducive to root absorption, and later with the growth of the tree, the diameter and depth of the ring-shaped ditch of fertilizer also increased. Cherry blossom root distribution is shallow, requires good drainage and air permeability, so around the tree, especially within the distribution of the root system, avoid human and animal, vehicle tread on the soil. Pedestrian trampling will make the tree weaken, shorten the life, and even cause rotten roots and death. [4]
Pruning
Pruning is mainly to cut off withered branches, long branches, overlapping branches and diseased branches. In addition, when many branches grow on the trunk of the general large cherry tree, a number of strong branches should be retained, and the rest are all cut off from the base to facilitate ventilation and light. The pruned branches should be disinfected with medicines in time to prevent the invasion of germs after rain, resulting in rot. Cherry blossom by the sun for a long period of time, the bark of the tree is easy to aging damage, resulting in rot, it should be removed in time and disinfection treatment. After that, use the rotting soil and charcoal powder to bandage the rotting part, and promote its recovery of normal physiological function.
Keep flowers
July-August is the concentrated period of cherry flower bud differentiation, through the reasonable tree structure, increase ventilation and light transmission, and improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. By pulling the branch to open the angle, plucking, twisting, moderate drought and other technical measures to regulate the balance of nutrient growth and reproductive growth, to provide sufficient nutrition for the differentiation of flower buds. Late frost is the main hazard during the flowering period, the use of smoke method, water spray method, spray flower protection agent and other methods to reduce the damage. Flowering period pay close attention to the weather forecast and field temperature changes. [4]
Excellent fruit
Cultivate high-quality flowers, increase the application of organic fertilizers, fruit thinning and stabilization, fruit growth period spray foliar fertilizers, increase the amount of water in the field during the period of young fruits, anti-cracking, prevention of deformed fruits. [4]
Grass
Orchard grass advantages: improve the soil, increase organic matter, improve fertility, regulate the ground temperature, maintain water, improve the micro-ecological environment of the orchard, increase the temperature difference, improve the quality of the fruit. Orchard grass is generally taken between the rows of grass, plant mulching mode. Grass species to white clover-based, can also choose natural grass. Mowed 2-3 times a year. [4]
Disease Control Editor
Aphids
Aphids
Aphids cluster leaves, shoots, sucking sap, the edge of the affected leaves to the back of the longitudinal roll into a tube. The aphid is a very powerful and effective aphid, but it is also a very effective aphid, and it is also a very powerful aphid, and it is also a very powerful aphid. In early April of the following year, the overwintering eggs hatch, from spring to fall are solitary female reproduction, occurring in mid- to late June, the peak of the infestation. 10-November sexual aphids appear, after the crossing of the eggs, overwintering in the egg state.
Methods of control: reference to the aphid of the hydrangea, the requirement of drenching spray cloth, so that the branches, leaves and buds of the full drug, and strive to wipe out the whole, do not leave a problem. [4]
Red spider
The way of infestation is to suck the sap by piercing into the leaves with mouthparts, so that the chlorophyll is damaged, and the leaves show gray and yellow spots or patches, and the leaves are orange and yellow, fall off, and even fall off the light.
Control methods: individual leaf damage, you can remove the insect leaves; more leaves occur, should be sprayed early, commonly used pesticides are keflex, dicofol, lego, flower insect net, speed kill Ding and so on. [4]
The mesquite
The damage to the leaves, branches and fruits. Shellworms are often male winged, able to fly, females and larvae, once feathered, life-long parasites in the branches and leaves or fruit, resulting in yellow leaves, branch wilting, tree decline, and easy to induce sooty disease.
Control methods: winter can be sprayed 40-50 times the machine oil emulsion to eliminate the overwintering generation of female insects, in the full bloom of the hatching of waking insects, with 40% of oxidized lecithin emulsion, 40% of the speed to kill emulsion or 40.7% of the lexapro emulsion and 80% of the dichlorvos emulsion according to the ratio of 1:1 mixed into the insecticides of 1000-1500 times liquid, spraying for three times in a row, alternating between the use of the insecticides, all have good results. [4]
Rheumatism
Rheumatism is mainly caused by frost, freezing, pests and diseases, hail, too much or not enough water, improper fertilization, too much pruning, too much fruiting, clayey soil or soil acidity and other reasons. If it is caused by moths drilling into the trunk to lay eggs, you can use a sharp knife to dig out the eggs, while improving the soil and strengthening water and fertilizer management. [4]
Rhizomatosis
Rhizomatosis will cause the roots of the diseased tree can not grow normally, no matter how to fertilize, the tree is still not strong. It is important to remove the tumor, disinfect the soil, and improve the soil with leaf litter, charcoal powder, and microorganisms. [4]
Brown spot disease
occurs in May to June, the leaves appear purple-brown dots, gradually expanded into a round, the spot part of the drying contraction becomes a small hole, the disease more in the diseased branches and leaves over the winter, the development of the optimal temperature of 25 ° C to 28 ° C, transmitted by the wind, the rainy season is conducive to the onset of the disease infestation, the tree is weak, poor drainage, poor ventilation and light penetration, the disease occurs seriously.
Control methods: (1) strengthen cultivation management, reasonable pruning and pruning, and pay attention to cut off the top of the disease, timely clean up the disease leaves and burned, to create clean growing conditions for the plant. (2) before the sprouting of new shoots, can be sprayed 3 to 5 boomer degrees of thiosulfur, the onset of the period can be sprayed 16 times Bordeaux liquid or 50% benlate wettable powder 1000 to 2000 times liquid, or 15% daisen zinc 600 times liquid to 800 times liquid. [4]
Leaf blight
In summer, yellowish-green round spots occur on the leaves, then turn brown, scattered black dots, the diseased leaves die but do not fall off.
Control methods: growing season in the area of serious diseases, from late June to October, the onset of the early days of spraying every 10 days or so, sprayed several times can be effective to prevent and control. Commonly used agents are 1:1:100 times the Bordeaux solution, 50% Tobutzin 500-800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times (or 40% suspension 600-800 times), 50% benzolite 1000-1500 times, 65% diclofenac zinc 500 times liquid, and so on, can be used alternatively or alternatively. [4]
The main value of the woolly cherry
Edible
The fruit of this species is slightly sour and sweet, edible and winemaking; the seed kernel oil content of 43% or so, can be made of soap and lubricating oil. Seed kernel is also used in medicine, the commercial name of the big plum kernel, has the effect of laxative and diuretic. Cherry fruit type, beautiful flavor, raw or canned, cherry juice can be made syrup, sugar gum and fruit wine; kernel can be extracted oil, like almond oil. [4]
Garden
China Hebei, Xinjiang, Jiangsu and other places in urban gardens are commonly cultivated for ornamental use. Ornamental hairy cherry varieties of trees beautiful, delicate flowers, fruits, flowers, leaves, fruits, type can be ornamental, is a collection of flowers, fruits, type as one of the garden ornamental plants. In parks, gardens, neighborhoods and other places can be planted in the form of solitary planting. Can also be combined with other flowers, ornamental grasses, small shrubs and other configurations. Create a rich, colorful, lively and natural garden landscape. [3]
Ornamental cherry varieties can be combined with a variety of plants. Make the landscape rich in hierarchy and sense of movement. In parks, squares and flowers, shrubs, trees and the combination of configurations to form a complex plant community landscape, can add a rustic flavor. In the courtyard, neighborhoods, villas, ornamental hairy cherry varieties can be used in combination with other plants or a combination of planting, to achieve the effect of the landscape, play the role of the finishing touch. But pay attention to the point can be, do not use too much. In order to avoid the overall landscape appears messy phenomenon. [3]
Medicine
Hairy cherry taste sweet, warm, into the spleen meridian; there is a tonic in the qi, spleen and dampness effect; used for post-disease weakness, lethargy less food, rheumatism and lumbago, limbs do not work, anemia, etc., can be used externally to treat chilblains, sweating spots.
Seeds (Yu Li Ren): pungent, flat. Moistening, drying and sliding intestines, lowering qi, diuretic. It is used for dryness of the intestines, food and gas stagnation, abdominal distension, constipation, edema, foot fungus, urinary gonorrhea and unfavorable. [5]
Botanical Culture Editor
Language: Nostalgia
The flowers are less than 1 centimeter in diameter, white, small and simple compared to cherry blossoms, peach blossoms, and plum blossoms. Although the flowers are not bright, but contains a strong sense of nostalgia, causing people to miss their hometown, after the flowers, the results look like cherries, sweet and sour fruit, once upon a time the children loved to eat.