First, fish farming technology in rice fields.
1. Herbivorous and omnivorous fish, such as grass carp, carp, crucian carp and tilapia, are suitable for stocking fish in rice fields. Silver carp and bighead carp can be stocked, but bream is not suitable for stocking. The nursery can plant 30,000-50,000 summer flowers; Rice and fish can be used as cultivated fish species, and 5~7 cm of summer flowers 1500~2000 flowers can be placed per mu; In the cultivation of edible fish, 300 carp, 0/00 crucian carp/kloc, 0/00 grass carp/kloc, and 50 silver carp and bighead carp can be released per mu in double-cropping rice fields, and about 75 kilograms can be harvested by feeding them properly per mu.
2. Rice-fish rotation, feeding and feeding, grass carp species per mu 100 ~ 120, crucian carp 150 ~ 200, silver carp/30~50, bighead carp 10 ~ 20, which can produce 20 fish per mu. Prepare the goods early. Fish farming in single-season rice fields or continuous cropping of rice and fish as edible fish are generally stocked after seedlings are transplanted and turned green. Rice-fish rotation can irrigate fish immediately after rice harvest and before transplanting in the next year.
3. Farmhouse manure and base manure are the main fertilizers for fish farming in rice fields. When using chemical fertilizer, it is necessary to master the safe concentration and avoid spraying it directly into the fish ditch, or applying it alternately in half fields and half fields. The concentration of pesticides should be strictly controlled, and commonly used drugs are dimethoate, methamidophos, trichlorfon, dimehypo and jinggangmycin. Toxic substances such as carbofuran, rotenone, sodium pentachlorophenol, toxaphene and Bordeaux mixture should be avoided.
4. Before application, dredge the fish ditch and deepen the water level. Spray the emulsion pesticide with dew after drying, and spray the powder with dew to reduce the drug falling into the water. You can also spray it in half a field and half a field in turn. If you find the fish uncomfortable, fill it with fresh water immediately. When drying fields, you don't dry fish. Patrol the fields frequently to check the growth of rice and fish, and whether the ridges and fish fences are firm. Pay attention to drought prevention and escape. Feeding should be regular, quantitative, fixed and fixed.
2. What are the benefits of raising fish in rice fields?
First of all, fish farming in rice fields can promote rice production. Fish culture in paddy field is a kind of reproduction with expanded connotation, and it is the reuse of land resources. Aquatic products can be produced without occupying additional cultivated land. Experience in various places shows that the development of fish farming in rice fields will not only affect rice yield, but also promote rice yield. Fish-farming paddy fields can generally increase rice yield by 5- 10%, and the increase rate is even higher, which is 14-24%.
Secondly, fish farming in rice fields can increase the supply of aquatic products to the society and enrich people's "food baskets". In recent years, in Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places, fish farming in rice fields has become one of the main ways of local aquaculture. Fish farming in rice fields can be listed in a balanced way, which plays an important role in stabilizing the supply of aquatic products, stabilizing market prices, meeting the demand of "vegetable basket" and improving people's dietary structure. Especially in some areas where water resources are scarce and traffic is blocked, the development of fish farming in rice fields, local production and local sales have effectively solved the long-standing problem of "difficulty in eating fish" in these areas.
Third, fish farming in rice fields can significantly increase farmers' income. Fish farming in rice fields can not only increase grain and fish production, but also reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in rice fields, save labor, increase income and reduce expenditure. Generally, per mu of fish-farming paddy field can increase farmers' income, 220 yuan. The implementation of high-standard rice-fish project can increase 350 yuan per mu. Using rice field to cultivate famous and excellent aquatic products and rice, fish and mushroom ternary compound culture can increase the income per mu of rice field by more than 1000 yuan.
Fourthly, fish farming in rice fields has promoted the optimization of ecological environment and enhanced the ability to resist natural disasters. Because fish farming in rice fields, heightening and strengthening the ridges and digging ditches have greatly increased the water storage capacity, which is conducive to flood control and drought relief. In some hilly areas, the implementation of the rice and fish project can increase the water storage capacity per mu of paddy field by 200 cubic meters, greatly enhancing the drought resistance. For some water-deficient areas with more droughts, rice fields with fish can effectively delay the drought because of their large water storage capacity. The effect of fish culture in paddy field on improving the environment is mainly manifested in its good insect-proof effect. According to the detection, the density of mosquito larvae in rice fields with fish culture is 80% lower than that in rice fields without fish culture, mainly because the fish raised in rice fields eat a lot of mosquito larvae and snails, which can reduce the incidence of serious diseases such as malaria, filariasis and schistosomiasis.