Local cucumber, Shanghai Yangxing cucumber, Agricultural University 14 and other high-quality and high-yield varieties were selected.

Second, cultivate strong seedlings.

The sowing date of cucumber in greenhouse can be from the end of 1 February to the early and middle of1month, and it is appropriate to use greenhouse plus small arch shed (or greenhouse electrothermal hotbed) to raise seedlings. The seedling age is 40-45 days, and the sowing amount is about 0. 1 kg per mu. First, soak the seeds in clean water, then put them into hot water at 55℃, the amount of water is 3-4 times that of the seeds, and keep stirring. When the water temperature drops to about 30℃, then soak the seeds at room temperature for1-2 hours. Select the plots that have not been planted with melon crops in recent years as seedbeds, level the bed soil, water the soles of the feet, and sow after 24 hours. Sow seeds 0.2kg per square meter of bed surface, and cover it with 2 cm of medicinal soil (50kg of soil mud ash+1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer+0.15kg of zineb+0.15kg of tobrazine).

From sowing to cotyledons unearthed, it is necessary to maintain a high temperature. When the temperature reaches 15℃, put on the apron in the greenhouse; When the temperature reaches 10℃, the small arch shed begins to be covered with grass curtains in the evening. The specific temperature requirements are: 25℃-30℃ during the day and 20℃ at night. After the seedlings are unearthed, the temperature should be lowered appropriately, about 25℃ during the day and about 16℃ at night. 4-5 days after sowing, the seedlings are moved into a nutrition pot, and after transplanting, the seedlings are kept at a proper temperature and humidity before living trees, and the temperature in the seedbed is kept at 25-30℃. After 3-4 days, the temperature is gradually reduced, and it is controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and14-16℃ at night to prevent excessive growth. The bed soil should be kept moist at seedling stage, and watering should be carried out in sunny days. It can be combined with topdressing with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea, and fully ventilated after application to promote strong seedlings.

Third, timely planting.

The greenhouse is covered with a small arch shed, covered with plastic film and grass curtain, and planted from mid-February to early March when the seedling age is 40-45 days, the plant height15-20 cm and there are 5-6 real leaves. Generally, two rows are planted in each border, with the row spacing of 40-60 cm, and 2500-2700 plants are planted per mu.

Fourth, strengthen field management.

1, fertilizer management. Before the first half month of planting, furrow was ditched and basal fertilizer was applied, and the application rate was 1500 kg, human excrement 1000 kg and compound fertilizer was 45 kg per mu. After planting live trees, apply human excrement and urine 1000 kg per mu, and topdressing again after 15 days. Cucumber grows fast, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be timely. The fertilization method adopts the principle of "thin fertilizer and diligent application" and "small amount and more meals", and generally topdressing once every two harvests. Keep the soil moist throughout the growing period. After entering the full-bloom stage, water and irrigate once every1-2 weeks according to the soil water content.

2. Temperature control. After planting, it is necessary to maintain a high greenhouse temperature in order to slow down the seedlings. Measures such as heat preservation, anti-freezing, ventilation and heat burning prevention should be strengthened after slow seedling. Generally, it is sunny and ventilated when the temperature in the shed reaches 28-30℃ during the day; On cloudy days, properly ventilate, keep the temperature at about 20℃, the shed temperature at night 15℃ (not lower than 10℃), and the grass curtain on the small arch shed in the greenhouse should be uncovered early and covered later to increase the light. Generally, the small arch shed is removed before erecting the vine, and the edge film of the shed is removed in late April, and the top film is kept until the end of harvesting.

3. Apply hormones to protect flowers and fruits, and spray flowers and fruits with 0/00 times solution of Baoguoling/KLOC-at the initial flowering stage to improve the early yield.

Five, pest control.

The main diseases are downy mildew, epidemic disease, Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew. It is necessary to implement agricultural measures such as paddy-upland rotation and spreading quicklime to prevent diseases. Especially pay attention to the early prevention and control of downy mildew. Generally, cucumber in greenhouse begins to occur in the middle and late March, and when the temperature rises to 20-24℃ after Qingming, it can quickly become popular. Therefore, from mid-March, spray with 500 times solution of 25% carbendazim, 70% Antaisheng or 58% Ruifu every 5-7 days; After the appearance of downy mildew spots, use 72% Kelu 750 times solution or 69% Anke 600 times solution for prevention and treatment. In rainy weather, 45% chlorothalonil fumigant can be used at 0.2kg per mu, closed in the greenhouse in the evening, ventilated the next morning, and used alternately with spraying. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled with 7000 times solution of Kangfuduo or 2500 times solution of net once.

Cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse in early spring

In early spring, cucumber in greenhouse was planted in some old vegetable areas with large area and continuous cropping, which caused cucumber wilt and disease, and threatened cucumber production in greenhouse. We raise seedlings by grafting cucumber,

The comprehensive application of measures such as temporary heating of the fire has effectively solved the problem of soil-borne diseases.

And the economic benefit of planting cucumbers is improved.

1. Choose cucumber varieties in protected fields.

Shandong Mici, Xintai Mici and Jinchun No.3, these 3

This variety is resistant to low temperature and high temperature, and the melon is dense, which is very suitable for greenhouse planting in early spring.

2. Grafting and seedling raising

The sowing time of cucumber is in the middle of 1 month, the calendar seedling age is about 50 days, and the physiological seedling age is 5 or 6 leaves 1 heart. The rootstock is black-seeded pumpkin, and the scion is sown 3 days earlier than the rootstock. Before sowing, both the rootstock and the scion seeds need to be blanched.

After germination, the seeds are planted in wooden boxes or plastic plates with perlite in furnace ash or sawdust soaked in hot water and some nutrient soil. The grafting method is abdominal incision,

Its biggest advantage is that cucumber seedlings can be of all sizes, and after grafting, a small arch shed is buckled in the greenhouse and covered with grass mats for shading management.

3. Ethephon-treated seedlings and transplanting seedlings

Spray 1 50 ~ in time when the grafted cucumber seedlings have 2 leaves1heart.

200ppm ethephon is aimed at increasing the number of female flowers, which is the key to obtain good early yield of grafted seedlings. seedling

Transplant seedlings in time when 3 leaves 1 heart, which can be crossed with clods or moved into plastic nutrition pots.

Exercise the seedlings at low temperature before transplanting, and slow down the seedlings at 27 ~ 29℃ during the day and15 ~18℃ at night after transplanting, and then cool down and manage. Seven days before planting, the night temperature gradually dropped to 7 ~ 8℃ to exercise the seedlings.

4. The planting time is early March.

In order to make the ground temperature rise, the shed will not be watered before winter, 30 in advance.

Bake the ground in the shed and prepare the soil for the border. Apply 4,000-5,000 kilograms of chicken manure every 667 square meters, and apply 50 kilograms of diammonium in the ditch. Pull the second membrane support along the shed column 40 cm away from the top membrane, and hang the second membrane in mid-February. When the temperature of the deep soil at15cm is stable at 12℃, the plant is planted, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 33cm, and 3500 ~ 3800 plants are protected per 667m2. After planting, press a small arch shed with a cup-shaped buckle and cover it with plastic film.

At night, the earthen stove with flue is lit in time and placed in the center of the shed, and the periphery of the shed is covered with grass.

5. Greenhouse management

(1) temperature management: keep the temperature in the small arch shed at 28 ~ 32℃ during the slow-growing period of grafted cucumber seedlings. When it reaches 35℃ during the day, open the film in the small arch shed in time and cover it at night. After colonization 10

Remove the grafting clip and the small arch shed membrane in the day, open the second membrane at noon, keep the shed temperature above 28℃ during the day, and remove the second membrane when the lowest temperature outside is 5℃ at night, and enter the routine management. (2) Water and fertilizer management: Generally, root melons are watered with the second water, and when they reach waist melons, water and fertilizer are attacked together, and thin manure and chemical fertilizer are used alternately (thin manure-clear water-chemical fertilizer). During the whole growth period of cucumber, thin manure is applied for 3-4 times, with urea 100 kg.

Problems in Cucumber Planting in Greenhouse

First, deformed melons

Including curved melon, pointed-billed melon, pot-bellied melon, honeycombed melon and so on.

1. The reason why curved melons appear is that in the seedling stage, the temperature and humidity are not suitable or the nutrition supply is insufficient, resulting in poor ovary development and naturally developing into curved melons; When cucumber is hypertrophy, improper field management is also easy to form curved melon. The better way to avoid the above situation is to create good environmental conditions for the differentiation of cucumber flower buds during seedling raising, and at the same time strengthen fertilizer and water management during the expansion period of melon strips.

2. One of the causes of Cucumis melo is poor fertilization, and the other is continuous high temperature in the shed. Therefore, when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, it needs to be ventilated in time to prevent the occurrence of high temperature. After beginning to sit on melons, we should strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, keep the soil moist and cultivate strong plants.

3. One of the reasons for the appearance of pot-bellied melon is poor fertilization, and the other is zinc deficiency in soil. Therefore, the varieties with strong parthenocarpy should be selected as the main varieties in the greenhouse, and on this basis, zinc sulfate should be applied as the base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation.

Second, the phenomenon of flower topping

The reason is that the root control can not be promoted well after planting slowly, and the topdressing irrigation is too early. As the ground temperature drops, the root activity weakens, and the nutrition can't keep up, resulting in flowering topping. In case of the above phenomenon, the melons should be harvested early, and some female flowers should be thinned, watered in sunny days and topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer.

Third, the leaves are yellow

This is caused by insufficient supply of nutrients. Cucumber is a plant that needs more fertilizer, not only the base fertilizer should be sufficient, but also the topdressing should be strengthened at the fruiting stage to ensure high yield.

Cucumber downy mildew is a devastating disease, which is usually controlled by spraying pesticides. According to the experiment, taking pollution-free control measures can also achieve good results, and can also reduce expenses and improve quality. The main measures are:

1 high temperature stuffy shed. Choose sunny noon to seal the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse can quickly rise to 45 degrees, and keep it for 2 hours and then let the air cool down. General stuffy shed 1 time can control the disease for 10 days. Pay attention to water the day before the implementation of high-temperature stuffy shed.

2. Raise the temperature and lower the humidity. Increasing the temperature in the greenhouse and reducing the humidity in the greenhouse are beneficial to the growth of cucumber and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of downy mildew. The method is: in the morning, the temperature of the greenhouse is raised to 30-32 degrees by sealing the greenhouse. In the afternoon, the temperature will be reduced to 20-22 degrees and the humidity in the shed will be reduced to 60%-70%. In addition, plastic film, rice (wheat) grass, furnace ash and other methods can be used to improve the indoor temperature and reduce the indoor temperature.

3. foliar spraying fertilizer. During the growth of cucumber in greenhouse, reasonable spraying foliar fertilizer to supplement nutrition can quickly and effectively provide needed nutrition for plants, promote cucumber to grow healthily and improve disease resistance. Generally, spray 1 time every 10 days, and spray 50 kilograms of mixed solution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron per mu each time. The solution is prepared by adding 50g of urea, 0/00g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0/00g of borax per 50kg of water. Boron should be dissolved with a small amount of hot water before preparing liquid.

4 spray sugar solution. According to the research, the severity of downy mildew has a great relationship with the ratio of sugar to nitrogen in cucumber. During the growth of cucumber, spraying the mixed solution of 1% white sugar and 1% urea can achieve more than 80% disease control effect. Generally sprayed for 5-8 times.