☆ Any drugs-cigarettes

Don't smoke for 30 minutes after taking the medicine. Because nicotine can accelerate the degradation of drugs in the liver, resulting in insufficient drug concentration in the blood, it is difficult to give full play to the efficacy. Experiments show that smoking within 30 minutes after taking the medicine can reduce the blood drug concentration to about 1/20 of that of non-smoking.

☆ Aspirin-wine and juice

After wine enters the human body, it needs to be oxidized into acetaldehyde, and then further oxidized into acetic acid. Aspirin prevents acetaldehyde from oxidizing into acetic acid, which makes acetaldehyde accumulate in human body, which not only aggravates the symptoms of fever and general pain, but also easily causes liver damage. Fruit juice will aggravate the stimulation of aspirin on gastric mucosa and induce gastric bleeding.

Berberine tea

Tea contains about 10% tannin, which is decomposed into tannic acid in human body. Tannic acid will precipitate alkaloids in berberine, greatly reducing its efficacy. So you can't drink tea for 2 hours before and after taking berberine.

☆ ibuprofen-coffee, coke

Fenbid is very irritating to gastric mucosa. Caffeine contained in coffee and cocaine contained in cola can stimulate gastric acid secretion, aggravate the toxic and side effects of ibuprofen on gastric mucosa, and even induce gastric bleeding and gastric perforation.

☆ Antibiotics-milk, juice

Don't drink milk or juice for 2 hours before and after taking antibiotics. Because milk will reduce the activity of antibiotics, so that the efficacy can not be fully played; The fruit acid rich in fruit juice (especially fresh fruit juice) accelerates the dissolution of antibiotics, which not only reduces the efficacy, but also may produce harmful intermediates and increase the toxic and side effects.

☆ Calcium tablets-spinach

Spinach contains a large amount of potassium oxalate, and the electrolyzed oxalate ions will precipitate calcium ions after entering the human body, which not only hinders the absorption of calcium by the human body, but also easily generates calcium oxalate stones. Experts suggest not to eat spinach within 2 hours before and after taking calcium tablets, or cook spinach first, and then eat it after potassium oxalate is dissolved in water and the water is poured out.

☆ Anti-allergic drugs-cheese and meat products

Avoid histidine-rich foods such as cheese and meat products during taking anti-allergic drugs. Histidine can be converted into histamine in human body, and antiallergic drugs inhibit the decomposition of histamine, so histamine accumulates in human body and induces dizziness, headache, palpitation and other uncomfortable symptoms.

Diarrhea medicine-milk

Take antidiarrheal drugs instead of milk. Because milk not only reduces the efficacy of antidiarrheal drugs, but also contains lactose, which is easy to aggravate diarrhea symptoms.

☆ Bitter stomach tonic-sweet food

Bitter stomachic drugs rely on bitterness to stimulate the secretion of digestive juices such as saliva and gastric juice, promote appetite and help digestion. On the one hand, sweet ingredients cover up bitter taste and reduce drug efficacy, on the other hand, they also react with many ingredients in stomach-invigorating drugs and reduce the content of their effective ingredients.

☆ Diuretics-bananas and oranges

Potassium will remain in the blood during taking diuretics. If you eat bananas and oranges rich in potassium at the same time, the accumulation of potassium in the body will be more serious, which is easy to induce complications of heart and blood pressure.

☆ vitamin c-shrimp

Don't eat shrimp within 2 hours before and after taking vitamin C, because the copper rich in shrimp will oxidize vitamin C and make it ineffective; At the same time, pentavalent arsenic in shrimp will react with vitamin C to produce toxic trivalent arsenic.

☆ Radish, nourishing Chinese medicine

Nourishing Chinese medicine nourishes the qi, blood, yin and yang of the whole body, and radish has the effect of breaking qi, which will greatly weaken the nourishing effect, so it is forbidden to eat radish during taking nourishing Chinese medicine.

☆ antihypertensive drug-grapefruit juice

You can't drink grapefruit juice when taking antihypertensive drugs. Because naringin in grapefruit juice will affect the function of an enzyme in the liver, and this enzyme is related to the metabolism of antihypertensive drugs, which will lead to excessive drug concentration in the blood and greatly increase the side effects.

☆ Multi-enzyme tablets-hot water

Enzyme is an effective component of digestive aid drugs such as multi-enzyme tablets. The active protein of the enzyme coagulates and denatures when it meets hot water, and loses its proper digestive function. Therefore, it is best to take multi-enzyme tablets with low-temperature water.

Supplement: 1,

Effect of food on drug absorption

Diet is the most important part of human life, and food has a great influence on drugs. Food can seize the liquid in the gastrointestinal tract, thus affecting the disintegration and dissolution of drugs. The interaction between drugs and food in the human body is very complicated, and there are physical and chemical reactions, which can affect the absorption, metabolism and excretion of drugs in the body. Food can promote drug absorption, increase curative effect and toxicity, but also hinder drug absorption and reduce curative effect.

Food hinders drug absorption and reduces curative effect.

The food we usually eat, especially milk and its products, has a great influence on the absorption of drugs. A large amount of calcium in milk can form a complex with drugs that are not easily absorbed, which reduces the curative effect. When taking tetracycline, erythromycin, metronidazole and cimetidine, foods with high calcium content such as milk, dairy products, bean products, auricularia auricula, egg yolk, kelp, pig bone soup, beef bone soup and laver shepherd's purse should be avoided. The main component of compound Danshen tablets is tanshinone, which can form insoluble matter with milk and reduce the bioavailability of Danshen. When taking isoniazid and antiallergic drugs (chlorpheniramine, astemizole), you should avoid eating foods rich in histidine, such as cheese, fish, pork, etc., because histidine is converted into histamine under the action of histidine decarboxylase in the liver, and histamine cannot generate aldehyde after being oxidized by ethylamine, so it accumulates in the body and causes poisoning, resulting in dizziness, headache, mucosal congestion, skin flushing, palpitation, facial numbness and other symptoms. When taking sulfonamides and erythromycin, you should avoid acidic foods such as vinegar, acidic fruits, meat, poultry, eggs and sugar. Because sulfonamides are easy to crystallize in acidic liquid medicine and damage the kidney, erythromycin reduces the curative effect in acidic environment. When taking potassium diuretics (spironolactone and aminopterin) and supplementing potassium, do not eat foods with high potassium content, such as dried fruits, bananas, grapes, oranges, apricots, potatoes, watermelons, wax gourd, fish and kelp. Because they will increase the content of potassium in the body, it is easy to lead to hyperkalemia, gastrointestinal spasm, abdominal distension, diarrhea and arrhythmia. Avoid eating pig liver when taking VC. Pig liver is rich in copper, and the existence of copper will oxidize VC into dehydroascorbic acid, making it ineffective. Combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors used to treat depression and hypertension, amines in food can raise blood pressure and aggravate hypertension. Soybean, rape and radish can inhibit the absorption of thyroxine, which is not conducive to disease treatment. Vegetables containing tannin, such as spinach, tea, peanuts, sunflower seeds, walnuts, etc. It can form insoluble compounds with iron, artificial blood-enriching drugs, alkaloids, multi-enzyme tablets, pepsin and aminopyrine, which affects absorption. Drinking tea is a traditional habit of China people. Drinking tea can not only refresh, but also prevent and treat diseases, help digestion, relieve greasy, diuretic and treat constipation. Long-term drinking can prevent dental caries, coronary heart disease, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and cancer. However, tea contains many chemical components, which can interact with drugs, thus reducing the efficacy of drugs or causing adverse reactions. Therefore, it is easy to take medicine with boiling water. Effects of tannic acid in tea on pepsin, pancreatin, amylase and lactase. Metal drugs, such as iron (ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, ferric fumarate), calcium (calcium oxide, calcium lactate, calcium pantothenate), bismuth (bismuth hyposulfate, Livzondole), aluminum (aluminum hydroxide, metoclopramide) and silver (silicon carbon silver). Tannic acid in tea can form insoluble complexes with these drug metal ions, which affects the absorption of drugs. Some antibiotics, such as tetracyclines and macrolides, can combine with tannic acid, affecting absorption and curative effect. In addition, these two antibiotics can also inhibit theophylline metabolism, increase theophylline toxicity, and often have symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. It is not easy to drink tea when taking these antibiotics. Drugs containing alkaloids (ephedrine, atropine, codeine and berberine) and glycosides (digitalis, digoxin, ginseng and Scutellaria baicalensis) can combine with tannic acid to form insoluble precipitate, which reduces the curative effect. Theophylline has an exciting effect, such as antagonizing each other when taking sedatives and losing its effect. Theophylline in tea can reduce the antipyretic and analgesic effects of aspirin. Alcohol can reduce the absorption of vitamins B 1, B2, nicotinic acid and digoxin. It is dangerous to drink alcohol when taking hypoglycemic drugs. Because D860 and chlorosulfonylurea can inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, after ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, the inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase can't continue to oxidize acetic acid, and eventually it can be converted into carbon dioxide and water, which can produce "acetaldehyde accumulation syndrome", which is characterized by nausea, vomiting, severe headache, dyspnea and hypotension. Allopurinol, an anti-gout drug, can reduce uric acid production and blood uric acid concentration, but drinking alcohol at the same time will reduce its inhibitory effect on uric acid production. Drinking alcohol during taking phenytoin sodium, an antiepileptic drug, will accelerate the metabolism of phenytoin sodium, shorten the duration of drug effect and greatly reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug. Drinking alcohol during taking reserpine and compound dihydrazide will make blood pressure rise sharply, leading to hypertensive encephalopathy and myocardial infarction. Long-term drinking exceeds the detoxification ability of human liver, which will lead to liver function damage and slow down drug metabolism. Taking paracetamol on an empty stomach for 20 minutes can reach the highest blood concentration, but taking it after meals can be delayed for 2 hours. When tetracycline is full, its blood concentration is 50%-80% lower than that on an empty stomach. Food will slow down the absorption of phenobarbital and even fail to reach the blood concentration required for hypnosis. The influence of smoking on the curative effect of drugs, such as sedative drugs such as Libianning and Diazepam, decreases after smokers take them, while antipyretic and analgesic drugs such as Qutong Tablet and Yousantong are only 65,438+00% of those of non-smokers. Antiasthmatic drugs aminophylline and theophylline destroy and excrete three times as fast as non-smokers, and their effects are weakened. The average half-life of smokers is 4.3 hours, while that of non-smokers is 7 hours. Anti-angina drugs such as Xintongding, propranolol and atenolol have low blood concentration, increased excretion and aggravated the condition. Smoking will reduce the efficacy of hypoglycemic drugs and affect the absorption of VC. When smokers take drugs to treat gastric ulcer and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, they often contract blood vessels, delay the emptying time of the stomach, slow down the absorption of drugs in the small intestine, and delay the healing of ulcers.

Food promotes drug absorption and increases curative effect.

It is common for food to promote drug absorption. For example, during taking fat-soluble drugs, eating a lot of fatty foods will increase drug absorption, blood drug concentration will increase significantly, and drug toxicity will also increase. Vegetable oil can increase the effect of lipid-lowering drugs. Wine can enhance the effect of central depressants. When combined with sedatives, antihistamines and antidepressants, it will make people sleepy, increase the absorption of barbiturates and increase toxicity. Can increase the absorption rate of theophylline, an antiasthmatic drug. After taking insect repellent, you can eat more foods containing more cellulose, enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis and enhance mosquito repellent effect. When vitamin D is used to treat rickets, you should eat more foods containing calcium, which can promote bone growth. When iron is used to treat iron deficiency anemia, you can eat some vegetables and fruits with more vitamin C, which can increase the solubility of iron salts, facilitate absorption and enhance the curative effect. Urine pH has a direct effect on bacterial growth and drug action. Therefore, when antibiotics are used to treat urinary tract infections, food can be used to adjust the pH of urine and increase the curative effect. Tetracyclines have strong bactericidal power in acidic urine. During the treatment, you can eat foods containing a lot of protein, such as meat and fish, which make the urine acidic and enhance the antibacterial and bactericidal effects. Streptomycin has strong bactericidal power in alkaline environment, so it is necessary to eat more vegetables and fruits such as spinach, carrots and cucumbers to make urine alkaline and improve the therapeutic effect of streptomycin.

Because there are many interactions between drugs and food in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to choose the appropriate medication time according to the performance and therapeutic purpose of drugs. All drugs that require full absorption and are not irritating should be taken before meals, such as stomach-invigorating drugs and antacid drugs, so as to be fully absorbed and exert their efficacy as soon as possible. There is food in the gastrointestinal tract after meals, which can reduce drug irritation. Therefore, all digestive drugs and highly irritating drugs, such as aspirin and indomethacin, are taken after meals to reduce the irritation of drugs to the gastrointestinal tract and reduce side effects.

2. Generally speaking, some sweeteners will be added in the production process of fruit juice and soda, but these sweeteners and sugars will delay the absorption of drugs and weaken the efficacy of acetaminophen, Ganmaoqing, phenobarbital and other drugs. Especially the cola that young people like to drink contains edible ethanol. Ethanol can increase the activity of liver drug enzymes, which will not only reduce the efficacy of phenobarbital, analgin, warfarin and other drugs, but also increase the side effects of metronidazole and other drugs. However, dairy products contain more calcium ions, which can form chelates with tetracyclines, isoniazid and other drugs, and are not easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, which will weaken the role of drugs.

Besides these drinks, tea can't be used to take medicine, because tannic acid, theophylline, caffeine and other substances will dissolve in water after tea leaves are soaked. If you take tea, these components in tea will react with drugs, making it difficult for drugs to be absorbed or even ineffective, and it will not play a therapeutic role at all. At the same time, it is also recommended that you do not drink tea for a short time after taking the medicine, because mixing tea with medicine in the stomach may also reduce the efficacy.

3, 1, milk medicine increases the burden on the stomach.

Milk contains many inorganic salts, such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins, protein, amino acids, fat, etc., which easily react with drugs to form stable chromium compounds or insoluble salts, making it difficult for drugs to be absorbed, and some drugs may even be destroyed by these ions, reducing the concentration of drugs in the blood and affecting the curative effect; At the same time, the body's absorption of milk will also be affected, which will also increase the burden on the stomach.

These drugs can't be taken with milk.

Drugs that cannot be taken with milk are: tetracycline (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, etc. ), anti-anemia drugs (ferrous sulfate, ferrous carbonate and other iron-containing preparations), cardiac glycosides drugs (digoxin, cedilanid, etc.). ), anti-Parkinson drugs (such as levodopa), central nervous system inhibitors (chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, etc. ), as well as some antacids (bismuth potassium citrate) "because alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine can also react with amino acids in milk, making them lose their due utility and even produce adverse stimuli or allergic reactions." Director Wu said.

3. Some drugs will not react with milk.

Some drugs, such as individual fat-soluble drugs, do not interact with milk, which is beneficial to drug absorption. "But this situation is special. Don't take medicine with milk unless a doctor or pharmacist tells you to take it with milk, or the instructions for drug use recommend it. Milk and medicine are generally taken at intervals of 2 hours to avoid adverse effects caused by the interaction between the two. "

Step 4 drink alcohol

① Reduce the curative effect: anti-gout drugs allopurinol, antiepileptic drugs phenytoin sodium and carbamazepine, antihypertensive drugs reserpine, vitamin B 1, B2, hydrochloric acid, digoxin and theophylline sustained-release tablets (dissolving sustained-release agents to shorten the drug effect time).

② Increase the occurrence of adverse reactions:

(a) Disulfiram-like reaction (acetaldehyde accumulation syndrome), in which drugs inhibit the decomposition of acetaldehyde, a metabolite in ethanol, leading to symptoms caused by acetaldehyde accumulation: facial flushing, headache, stomachache, nausea, blood pressure drop, shortness of breath, hallucination, etc. ): antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, antipsychotics chlorpromazine, metronidazole, tinidazole, furazolidone (especially sensitive);

(b) It can enhance the inhibitory effect of sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants and antipsychotics on the central nervous system, leading to drowsiness and coma: phenobarbital, levopicrin, diazepam, etc.

(c) Aggravating the stimulation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, indomethacin) on gastrointestinal mucosa;

(d) When taking oral hypoglycemic drugs (phenformin, glibenclamide, gliquidone and tolbutamide), drinking alcohol is prohibited, which can lower blood sugar level, aggravate the inhibition on central nervous system, and easily lead to coma, shock and hypoglycemia;

(e) Increase the hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs (fluorouracil, methotrexate, etc.). ).

(f) It can inhibit liver drug enzymes and accelerate the liver injury caused by rifampicin.

(g) Combined with propranolol to promote angina pectoris and tachycardia.

5, soybean milk-compound Danshen tablets: the main component of compound Danshen tablets is tanshinone. Tanshinone is easy to form insoluble matter with milk and soybean, which reduces the bioavailability of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Salt-prednisone tablets: prednisone can cause water and sodium retention, and due to too much salt, water and sodium retention will be aggravated, resulting in edema.

Edible oil-ferrous sulfate tablets: Because oil can inhibit gastric acid secretion, it can affect the transformation of trivalent iron to divalent iron, thus reducing the absorption of iron in gastrointestinal tract.

Pickled vegetables and salted fish-painkillers: patients eat pickled vegetables, salted fish and other pickled products at the same time during the medication. When these pickled foods interact with aminopyrine in painkillers, nitrosamines can be formed.

White sugar-oral rehydration salt: Adding white sugar to oral rehydration salt changed the osmotic pressure of oral rehydration salt. The reason is that the added sugar makes the liquid hypertonic, leading to hypertonic diarrhea.

Bread-zinc sulfate tablets: With the intake of bread, the absorption of zinc is disturbed. However, the interference of whole flour on zinc absorption is greater than that of refined flour bread.

Milk-Rifampicin Tablets: During oral administration of rifampicin, metronidazole, cimetidine and other drugs, it is not advisable to take milk, soybean milk and other foods at the same time, because milk can delay the absorption of rifampicin and other drugs.

Vinegar erythromycin tablets: Erythromycin is the most stable at PH 7 and has the strongest antibacterial effect in alkaline environment. At PH 4, it is almost completely ineffective. Vinegar can accelerate the destruction of erythromycin in the stomach and promote the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, thus losing its antibacterial effect.

Cheese-imipramine hydrochloride tablets: imipramine blocks the recovery of norepinephrine in nerve endings and increases the amount of norepinephrine available in synapses to achieve therapeutic purposes. However, cheese is rich in tyramine, which is an indirect sympathomimetic amine, which can promote the release of stored norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings, thus reducing the efficacy.

Fish-isoniazid tablets: Fish, especially stale fish, is rich in histamine. Under normal circumstances, histamine is easily oxidized by histamine enzyme in the body, and taking isoniazid can inhibit histamine enzyme at the same time, so that histamine entering the body will not be destroyed and cause accumulation poisoning.