First, the principle of rice and shrimp culture
First, in our intensive cultivation mode, we are familiar with aquatic plants for the longest time. In addition to submerged plants such as Elodea and Kuroshio, we are also familiar with emergent plants. In fact, the rice in the pond also belongs to emergent plants, and crayfish can be successfully cultivated by using the function of emergent plants!
Second, weeds, insects and plankton in rice fields are not only wastes, but also compete for fertilizers. However, if omnivorous shrimp such as crayfish are raised in rice fields, not only can these things be fully used as bait, but the excrement of crayfish and shrimp can also provide fertilizer for rice. Why not?
Thirdly, crayfish inhabit the field, avoiding harmful organisms such as birds, and loosening the soil to some extent by swimming for food, digging holes and other habits, effectively improving soil ventilation conditions, accelerating fertilizer decomposition and promoting rice growth.
To sum up, shrimp culture in paddy field is a new culture mode with less investment, quick effect and low risk, which integrates resources, utilizes each other, but coordinates with each other.
Second, several modes of rice and shrimp
At present, according to the time production and demand, there are two main modes of rice and shrimp culture in the market:
First, rice and shrimp are both types. The implication is to grow rice, and then crayfish are also raised in it. Both rice and crayfish are right, and strive for a double harvest! Of course, double-cropping rice (early rice and late rice) may be planted in some places, and crayfish have been raised in rice fields for two consecutive seasons, so there is no need to transfer them! Sichuan and other places mainly raise one-season rice! Regenerated rice is also suitable for breeding crayfish, but it is recommended to raise seedlings! Because of the climate, the supply of shrimp seedlings in Sichuan is already very tight!
Shrimp Breeding Base (China Aquaculture Network 2065438+July 2007, taken in Xuancheng, Anhui).
Second, rice and shrimp rotation; The implication is to plant rice for one season, then lobster for one season, and rice for another season in the next year, and then lobster for the rice harvest. This model may be more common in Hubei. Most farmers plant rice from March to May, and rice from June to September. After harvesting rice, they start to raise crayfish until the next year! Do two things well, without affecting each other, grow rice without raising shrimp, and raise shrimp without growing rice!
Then talk about the difference between the two: rice can be used as a crop for shading and as a emergent plant, but they can be used together, but management (such as feeding) can not be really managed, death can not be found in time, and the wind direction is completely blocked! Rotation mode is similar to pond culture mode, the only difference is that planting one-season rice in the middle period can improve some benefits, but shrimp production time is concentrated and the market is poor, so pond culture may experience the risk of black May!
The above tells you several rice and shrimp farming modes. When you choose which breeding mode, you must plan when to produce shrimp and when the market price of shrimp is good. Sometimes it's better to raise it well than sell it well!
Let's continue to share the problem of rice field construction for rice and shrimp farming!
First, the choice of rice fields.
1, water source; Adequate water source, good water quality, no agricultural pollution, industrial pollution, heavy metal pollution, etc. Around; Rivers, lakes, etc. , convenient for irrigation, pollution-free, continuous flow all the year round; Always available!
2. Soil quality; It is advisable to use cohesive soil, which has strong water retention and good soil fertility. Sandy soil or soil is thin. Improper soil such as water seepage and water leakage;
3. area; Shrimp can be raised in rice fields in any area, from a few acres to several hundred acres. To a certain extent, a large area is more advantageous; Not only can it reduce the cost of excavation, but it can also be well exposed to sufficient light and wind, and increase dissolved oxygen to some extent!
We also need to know about power supply, local public security, lease term, local drought and flood, etc. Every item is very important, I hope everyone will take it seriously!
Shrimp Breeding Base (China Aquaculture Network 2065438+July 2007, taken in Xuancheng, Anhui).
Second, the ring groove is excavated.
1, mainly in the shape of "Hui", and large paddy fields can be excavated into the shape of "Tian", "Chuan" and "Mu"; You can dig more ring ditches if necessary!
2. The ridge height should be1.0-1.2m to ensure that the water depth of 50-70cm can be closed; The width of the ridge is about 1.3- 1.5m, so as to ensure that crayfish can't break holes, and it is required not to crack, leak or collapse.
3. The ditch width should be 5-8m, and the slope ratio should be1:2.5-3; Note: In some areas, excavation may only be allowed to exceed 15% of the whole area, in which case the trench width can be appropriately narrowed!
Third, the escape prevention measures
Anti-escape nets must be installed around rice fields, on the one hand, to prevent Tangkou shrimp from escaping when there is no oxygen in the rainstorm, on the other hand, to prevent foreign pests or natural enemies from entering the pond! Note that the escape net is installed on the ridge, not by the water! ! This installation is the best! Need to install anti-theft net can also be installed, local anti-theft must be installed! If necessary, if you have enough money, you should also install a camera and so on!
Water inlet and outlet are independent, and the installation of water inlet and outlet depends on the favorable position. It is best to go in and out at the same time! The water inlet should be separated from many sundries as much as possible, such as branches. The water inlet in the rice field should be equipped with a filter with a length of more than 80 mu and a length of more than 2 meters to prevent blockage. Double-layer is the best, mainly to isolate wild fish eggs and frog eggs pulled in from outside the pond!
Warm reminder: In order to prevent the dam from being washed away in the rainy season in summer, or the water level in paddy fields such as rainstorm from rising extremely, especially in paddy fields with relatively large area and few drainage measures, once the drainage pipe can't keep up, an overflow port should be opened in the paddy field at this time, and the overflow port should also be filtered with a double-layer dense net to prevent crayfish from taking the opportunity to escape!
After the design of our pond mouth, it is certain that the water will not be turned off, and the seedlings will start to reproduce immediately. Be sure to breed according to your local climate, such as when to plant rice, when the temperature rises and so on. And we have to finish some preparatory work before planting seedlings. Let's share what preparations we have before planting seedlings.
First, disinfection and impurity removal
This is an important first step in digging rice and shrimp ponds. 30-50kg/mu of quicklime is used for disinfection and impurity removal. Generally, after rice fields are excavated, wild fish such as loach and eel are mainly cleaned. If the lotus pond was excavated in the past, the main cleanup was crucian carp, carp, loach, eel, frog and toad eggs. The purpose is to prevent the enemy's later damage. Disinfection mainly kills parasites and pathogenic bacteria. , but also to add minerals to rice fields! The specific principle has been mentioned in the last article!
Second, grow aquatic plants.
This is everyone's favorite thing to do. After digging the pond, they immediately asked if they wanted to plant grass. What kind of grass do you grow? How to plant it? Wait, that's it. Rice and shrimp ponds can also be planted with grass properly, mainly to help everyone control water quality. If everyone plants grass for crayfish, it would be a big mistake! When planting grass, pay attention to control the area of aquatic plants, distribute them sporadically, and do not gather together, which generally accounts for 15%-25% of the ditch surface. As for what kind of grass to plant, there is no clear explanation. Every kind of grass has its own advantages and disadvantages. Explain two points: first, as long as you can control this kind of grass, this is the most suitable grass for you; Secondly, what kind of grass is convenient, fast and easy to get? Don't listen to others say that electra is good. 2-3 yuan to buy a catty but still failed to breed successfully! Remember: the grass you can control is the best grass!
Third, fertilization.
This is based on the actual situation of Tangkou. Some paddy fields will not be too thin after digging, but the soil in most areas is too thin after digging. It is suggested to spread a layer of organic fertilizer in the ring ditch to make the soil fully absorb it. One week before releasing the shrimp seedlings, start adding water to 50-60 cm, and then apply fertilizer according to the situation. Dried chicken manure and pig manure are commonly used to cultivate bait organisms and fertilize water bodies. After fertilization, the survival rate of seedlings is often high under the same conditions!
abstract
Every link of breeding is very important, and one link is buckled. If the preliminary work is not done well, it will affect the normal progress of your later work, so the necessary work must be done! This paper emphasizes the preparation work before seedling release. First, disinfection and impurity removal. Many friends may have suffered from wild fish. Second, the cultivation of aquatic plants, we are also very vague, parrot, not seeking truth from facts; Third, apply sufficient base fertilizer. Many friends choose to turn off the water as soon as the pond is dug. As a result, the water was mixed as soon as it entered, and then it was normal fat water and seedlings. In the end, there was no shrimp!
This is basically the preparatory work for farmers before releasing seedlings. Next time, we will write about releasing seedlings and breeding techniques, disease prevention and control, etc. Please pay attention.