Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder mucosa or submucosa. It is often caused by bacterial infection, can also be caused by the spread of inflammation in adjacent organs and tissues, and can also be caused by long-term adverse stimulation, such as bladder stones, urinary catheter punctures, etc.

Clinical symptoms

The symptoms of acute cystitis in cattle are frequent urination, painful urination, reduced urination volume each time, mostly dripping out, and pain and uneasiness. If the mucous membrane of the bladder neck is swollen or the sphincter is spasmed, it will cause anuria, no urine discharge, the affected animal will be restless, groan, the penis will erect frequently, and the vulva will open frequently. Rectal examination or external palpation shows that the bladder is highly full, which may lead to bladder rupture, sudden relief of pain, and worsening of the condition soon after. Urine examination shows turbidity, and a large number of white blood cells, red blood cells, bladder epithelium or pus cells can be seen in the urine sediment. Systemic symptoms are usually subtle. When inflammation spreads to deep tissues, fever may occur. Severe hemorrhagic cystitis can cause anemia. Chronic cystitis has a long course, mild symptoms, and no obvious difficulty in urination.

Treatment

The principles are antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and disinfection and symptomatic treatment. Irrigate the bladder, use a urinary catheter to drain urine, and then inject normal saline through the catheter for lavage, and then repeatedly irrigate with 1% to 3% boric acid solution, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and 0.1% Reifonol Wash 2 to 3 times. For chronic lavage, use 0.02% to 0.1% silver nitrate solution or 0.01 to 0.1% protein silver solution. To disinfect the urinary tract, 50 to 100 ml of 40% methenamine can be injected intravenously once, twice a day for 3 to 5 days; for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory use, 1 million to 2 million units of penicillin plus 50 ml of normal saline or 0.5% procaine, mixed once and injected into the bladder, 1 to 2 times a day, for 3 to 5 days.