1. Seven continents: Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctica and Europe.

2. Continent boundary: Suez, the Asian-African boundary river, the canal passes through Egypt, Panama in North and South America, and the canal divides this into two sides.

3. Residents of the world: The world's population is distributed in Asia and Africa at most, and in Oceania at least, with no one living in Antarctica.

4. The four ends of China's territory: Heilongjiang on the head, Zengmu shoal island on the foot, drinking the confluence of the two rivers in the mouth, and wagging the tail on Pamir.

5. Names of China's fourteen neighboring countries: East Korea, North Mongolia, Northeast, Northwest Russia, Hajita Aba in the west, Indonesia and Bhutan in the southwest, and Myanmar and Laos in the south.

6. China's administrative divisions: two lakes, two provinces, two rivers and mountains, and Yun Chuan in the west of Macao and Taiwan. Four cities, two ning, Gansu, Qinghai and Shaanxi, and five rivers in the sea, Fu Ji 'an.

7. China's main mountain ranges: there are three horizontal east-west directions, the sky is overcast in the north and the Kunming-Qinhuangdao in the middle. Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi clip Nanling. Northeast-southwest

There are three peaks: Wu Xuefeng in Xing 'an Taihang Mountain, the middle of Changbai Wuyi Mountain, and the east of Taiwan Province Mountain. Himalayan arc mountain, Everest stands proudly in the middle of Nepal, the first peak of 8844.

8. China's railway trunk lines: North-South Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kowloon, and Beijing-Harbin-Beijing-Shanghai are listed in the east. Jiao Zhi, Zhi Liu and Bao Cheng, extend southward and cross.

Guikun. East and west Beijing Bao and Bao Lan, Longhai Lan Xin to North Xinjiang, Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi to Zhuzhou, Hunan-Guizhou Zhuzhou to Guiyang, Guiyang-Kunming is Guikun.

9. China's nine major commodity grain bases: Sanjiang Songnen and Jianghuai, Poyang Dongting Jianghan Company, Taihu Pearl River Delta and Chengdu Plain.

10. The earth's pressure zone: high pressure zone 4, low pressure zone 3: between five degrees north and south, high temperature gas turns up, equatorial pressure is low, and precipitation is convenient; 30 degrees north and south, deflection under airflow; Sub-heat and high air pressure, less rain and frequent drought; The polar pressure is low, close to the two poles; It's 60 degrees north and south, and it's extremely low.

1 1. Precipitation formation conditions: air and steam are full, and the temperature drops; Condensed nuclei, collision; Weight gain, rain and snow fall.

12. Precipitation distribution law: equatorial heat, more precipitation: polar cold, difficult precipitation. Tropic of cancer, divided into the west; West coast of land, subtropical high zone, trade wind blowing, precipitation deficit; East coast of land, monsoon, warm climate and abundant precipitation. Mid-latitude, inside; Far from the sea, the climate is dry.

13. Features of longitude and latitude lines: north and south are longitude lines, which are relatively equal circles. They are all equal in length and semicircular in shape. East and west are parallel lines, forming a parallel circle. The length is not equal, and the shape is a circle. The equator is the longest and polarization is the point.

14. the division of the eastern, western and northern hemispheres: 20 degrees west longitude, 160 degrees east longitude, across the board, the eastern and western hemispheres. The northern and southern hemispheres are divided into zero latitude at the equator, the northern latitude is the northern sphere, and the southern latitude is the southern sphere.

15. Location of ocean and continent: ocean is bounded by continent, and continent is divided by ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the head of four oceans, located between Asia and Australia. The Atlantic Ocean is southwest of North America, and the east coast is critical of Europe and Africa. The Indian Ocean is adjacent to Asia, Africa and Australia, and the south is connected by Sanyo water. The surface of the Arctic Ocean is the smallest, with three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.