Before the formation of its peak forest structure, Huangshan experienced orogeny, crustal uplift, glaciers and natural weathering.

There are 72 peaks in Huangshan Mountain, which is known as "36 peaks and 36 small peaks". Lotus Peak, the main peak, is as high as 1864.8 meters above sea level. It is also known as the three main peaks of Huangshan Mountain with Guangmingding and Tiandu Peak, and is one of the 36 main peaks.

Huangshan Mountain is dominated by Yanshanian granite, with developed vertical joints, strong erosion and cutting, staggered cracks and long-term water erosion, forming granite caves and passages.

The whole mountain has 30 ridges, 22 rocks, 7 caves and 2 passages. The Quaternary glacial remains in Huangshan Mountain are mainly distributed in the southeast of Qian Shan.

Huangshan is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, on the northern edge of the middle subtropical zone, in the evergreen broad-leaved forest and in the red soil and yellow soil zone. Due to the high mountains and deep valleys, the climate changes vertically.

At the same time, due to the great radiation difference between the northern slope and the southern slope, the local topography plays a leading role in its climate, forming a cloudy, humid and rainy climate, which is close to the maritime climate.

There is no heat in summer, and it is rarely cold in winter. The average temperature difference between the four seasons is only about 20℃. The highest temperature in summer is 27℃, the lowest temperature in winter is -22℃, the annual average temperature is 7.8℃, the summer average temperature is 25℃, and the winter average temperature is above 0℃.

Average annual rainfall days 183 days, mostly from April to June. The annual precipitation on the mountain is 2395 mm, and the frequency of southwest wind and northwest wind is relatively high, with an average annual snowfall of 49 days.