Sweet potato has high yield, strong adaptability, and easy reproduction and cultivation. It was originally one of the four major food crops (rice, wheat, corn, sweet potato) in my country, and is also an industrial raw material and feed crop. Sweet potatoes contain high levels of starch, soluble sugar, vitamin C, carotene and other vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E) and trace elements. It is a natural, full-price nourishing food and has high medicinal value. .
The emergence of "special sweet potatoes" has provided unlimited business opportunities for the development of the sweet potato industry. It has not only enriched farmers' pockets, but has also become an important agricultural product for my country's export to earn foreign exchange.
The main features are the bright purple skin and flesh of the potatoes, the sweet noodle paste, rich nutrition, rich in anthocyanins, mineral elements, amino acids, and vitamins. They are mainly sold as fresh potatoes and are very suitable for steaming. Roasting and food processing.
1. Japanese Kawayama Purple
It is bred from Kawayamaji Farm in Japan.
Characteristics: Semi-erect plant shape, medium vines, compact stems, leaves and branches. The single leaves are alternate, triangular in shape, with a long petiole, about 14 cm. The color of the top leaf is purple, the color of the front is light green, and the veins are green with purple. The stems are slightly angular, purple, and have short internodes. Potato-shaped spindle, purple-red skin, bright purple-red flesh color. The potatoes are abundant and uniform, usually 4 to 5 sweet potatoes per plant, and a single potato weighs 200 to 500 grams. Sweet noodle soup has a delicate texture, excellent taste, and is rich in nutrients. Its lysine, copper, manganese, and zinc content are 5 to 8 times higher than ordinary sweet potatoes. Long-term consumption has the effects of lowering blood pressure, nourishing blood, replenishing qi, moistening the lungs, and nourishing the skin. At the same time, it is a weight-loss food and can effectively prevent atherosclerosis; especially trace elements such as iodine and selenium that are lacking in the human body are more than 20 times higher than ordinary sweet potatoes, and are called the "King of Anti-Cancer" by the Japanese. ; Known as the "Queen of Vegetables" in Hong Kong, its tender stem tips sell for up to HK$36 per kilogram and are very popular. The yield of spring potatoes per mu is 3,500 to 4,000 kilograms, and the economic benefit can reach more than 10,000 yuan.
Cultivation points: It should be planted in soil with loose soil, rich in phosphorus and potassium, and with medium fertility or above. Apply more basal fertilizers, mainly farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and less nitrogen fertilizers. About 3,000 spring potatoes and 4,000 summer potatoes should be planted per acre. It is better to plant them in ridges. During the potato expansion period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every 15 days. Other planting techniques can refer to local sweet potato varieties.
2. Jingshu No. 6
It is a new purple and black potato variety bred by Beijing Agricultural College.
Characteristics: The leaves of this potato are heart-shaped, all green, with a vine length of about 1.5 meters and strong growth potential. The potato pieces are spindle-shaped, neat and even, with a high rate of large and medium potatoes. The skin of the potato is purple-black and shiny, without grooves. The flesh of the potato is deep purple-red, which will become purple-black when cooked. The flesh is delicate and has a chestnut aroma. It is rich in anti-cancer elements such as selenium and iodine. It has high nutritional content and is an excellent fresh health food. It is also a good variety for extracting pigments, processing sweet potato dates, sweet potato juice, colored noodles, and vermicelli, and exporting it to earn foreign exchange. Jingshu No. 6 has strong disease resistance, tolerance to drought, barrenness and heavy fertilizers, and has high yield. The yield of spring potatoes is generally 4000 kg/mu, and the maximum yield can reach 5000 kg/mu; the yield of summer potatoes is generally 3000 kg/mu. .
3. Jishu No. 18
It was bred in 2003 by the Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Characteristics: The top leaves and leaves are green, the veins are dark purple, the vein base and the stalk base are purple, the leaves are triangular, the edges are toothed, the vine is 1.5 to 1.8 meters long, and there are 5 to 6 branches. , the above-ground part grows vigorously and is a creeping type. The potato pieces are in the shape of long spindles or straight tubes, with purple skin, light purple flesh in spring, and purple flesh in summer. Each 100 grams contains 17.1 mg of anthocyanins and is rich in selenium. It tastes sweet and waxy, and the meat is delicate. Good germination, early and abundant seedling emergence, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high resistance to root rot, relatively resistant to stem nematodes, but poor resistance to black spot disease. The potatoes are formed early and concentrated, expand quickly in the middle period, have great stamina, have a high potato yield, and have large tubers. The number of tubers per plant is 4.1, and the rate of large and medium tubers is 80.3. The average spring potato yield is about 3,000 kilograms per mu. The drying rate is 26-30, and the cooked food taste is average.
Cultivation points: Generally, the suitable planting density for spring potatoes is 52,000 plants per hectare, and for summer potatoes, the planting density is 57,000 plants per hectare. In fertilizer and water management, attention should be paid to the coordinated use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The harm of black spot disease should be strictly controlled in the seedling stage. Summer potato planting fields should be selected as disease-free stubble land as much as possible, harvested at the right time, and stored safely.
4. Guangzishu No. 1
It is a new purple sweet potato variety bred by the Crop Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It passed the crop variety approval of Guangdong Province in February 2005.
Characteristics: medium-long vines, semi-erect plant shape, purple leaf veins, green stems with purple, beautiful potato shape, spindle shape, purple-red skin and purple-flowered flesh, good storability, germination Good sex. The dry matter rate of Guangzishu No. 1 is 30.6-30.63, the taste score is 81.1-81.4 points, the starch rate is 18.24-20.78, and the nutritional component analysis and measurement results: the total sugar content is 1.99-2.05, and the vitamin C content per 100 grams of fresh potato is 21.56-25.52 mg. It tastes rosy when cooked and has good palatability. It is a high-quality variety. Through potato blast inoculation identification and field resistance measurement in 2002 and 2003, all of them were moderately resistant to potato blast.
Cultivation points: The cultivation soil requires smooth drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile, and should be deep, loose, fertile and moist. Dry land with irrigation capabilities is preferred for planting, and sandy soil is preferred to avoid field waterlogging. The width of the box is about 1.07 meters (double), one row is planted in each box, and the spacing between plants is 20 to 23 centimeters. It is appropriate to plant 3000 to 3500 plants per acre. Fertilization should follow the principles of applying sufficient base fertilizer, timely top dressing and subsequent supplementary application as appropriate. When preparing the land, apply 1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 25 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer per acre; 15 to 20 days after planting, apply 8 to 10 kilograms of urea per acre as water and fertilizer application or hole application to promote the elongation of stems and leaves; plant About 50 days after planting, combine cultivating to loosen the soil, build up the soil, and apply fertilizer. Apply 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate, 10 kilograms of urea, or 20 kilograms of peanut bran per acre; 90 days after planting, apply an appropriate amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer according to the growth situation to prevent premature stems and leaves. Falling yellow.
5. Xu Zishu No. 1
It is a new purple-heart sweet potato variety bred by the Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center in Jiangsu Province. In March 2004, it was approved by the Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee. In 2005, cultivation was introduced to the suburbs of Beijing, and the yield per mu can reach more than 2,000 kilograms.
Characteristics: The top leaves and adult leaves are all green, the stems are green with purple, the veins are purple, medium-long vine type, strong growth above ground, strong photosynthetic potential, 5 to 8 branches. The tubers are spindle-shaped, with red skin and purple flesh. The tubers are concentrated and have a high commercial rate. The seed potatoes have good germination and many seedlings emerge. It is resistant to stem nematodes, moderately resistant to root rot and black spot, and its comprehensive disease resistance is better than the current domestic control variety Su Yu 303. After multi-point sampling analysis, the anthocyanin content in 100 grams of Xu Zishu No. 1 fresh potato was 8 mg, the crude protein content was 3.905, and the dry matter rate was 30.69. The measured quality traits were all better than the control variety. Because Xu Zishu No. 1 has strong temperature-loving properties, it is more tolerant of late planting in northern my country. After late planting, the potato tuber formation does not lag behind, and the yield decrease is smaller than that of ordinary varieties. The adaptable density range is wide, with a density of 3,300 to 4,500 plants/mu. The yield does not decrease significantly, but the commercial rate increases.
Cultivation points:
(1) Xu Zishu No. 1 has good germination properties. The seeding amount for seedlings in the suburbs of Beijing can be arranged at about 25 kg/m2, and the seedlings should be cut in time to ensure Conducive to cultivating strong seedlings for the next crop.
(2) Xu Zishu No. 1 grows vigorously above ground. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied rationally, and it is recommended to increase the application of well-rotted organic fertilizers. If chemical fertilizers are used, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio should be 2:1:3. More appropriate. In order to prevent the excessive growth of stems and leaves from affecting potato yield, the maximum leaf area index is controlled at around 5. If you find that the stems and leaves are growing vigorously, you can spray 5 grams of paclobutrazol per acre with 40 kilograms of water on the leaves to inhibit excessive growth.
(3) Xu Zishu No. 1 has a high rate of large and medium-sized tubers, so the density can be appropriately increased, 3500 to 3600 plants/mu is appropriate, in order to increase the rate of medium-sized tubers and improve the commodity rate.
(4) Xuzishu No. 1 has poor waterlogging tolerance, so attention should be paid to draining waterlogging and reducing humidity. At the same time, in order to fully transport nutrients from stems and leaves to roots and increase yield, it is recommended to harvest appropriately late, but not later than the first frost period.