(1) Purpose
1. Prepare intestines for patients undergoing surgery, delivery or examination.
2. Stimulate the patient's intestinal peristalsis, soften feces, relieve constipation, eliminate intestinal gas accumulation and reduce abdominal distension.
3. Dilute and remove harmful substances in the intestine to reduce poisoning.
4. Inject low-temperature liquid to cool the patients with high fever.
(2) Key points of implementation
1. Evaluate patients:
(1) Ask and understand the patient's physical condition and defecation.
(2) Explain the purpose of enema to patients and obtain their cooperation.
2. Key points of operation:
(1) Check the doctor's advice and get ready to ensure that the temperature of enema solution is appropriate.
(2) Bring things to the patient's side, help the patient to take the left lateral position, and provide shelter for the patient.
(3) Put the anal canal according to the requirements, fix the anal canal after putting it in a proper length, so that the enema solution can flow in slowly and observe the patient's reaction.
(4) When the solution is about to be filled up, clamp the anal canal, pull out the anal canal and put it into the bending plate.
(5) After the enema, instruct the patient to lie on his back, endure 10-20 minutes before defecation and observe the stool characteristics.
3. Instruct patients:
(1) In the process of enema, patients feel comfortable, instruct them to take a deep breath, and adjust the exam appropriately at the same time, try to collect the height of enema tube on the website to slow down the flow rate.
(2) Instruct patients to lie down immediately if they have discomfort symptoms such as palpitation and shortness of breath, so as to avoid accidents.
(3) Matters needing attention
1. Enema is prohibited for patients with acute abdomen, early pregnancy and gastrointestinal bleeding; Patients with hepatic encephalopathy are forbidden to use soapy water enema; The amount of enema for typhoid patients should not exceed 500 ml, and the liquid level should not exceed 30 cm from anus.
2. Carry out cooling enema on the patient, keep it for 30 minutes before defecation, and measure the temperature 30 minutes after defecation.