Choose a place with flat terrain, close to water source and clean environment to build a shed. Specification of greenhouse: the length from east to west is about 45 meters (determined according to the cultivation scale), the width from north to south is 8 meters, the height of the north wall (including the digging depth) is 2.8 meters, the height of the south wall is 1. 6 meters, and a partition wall is built every 15 meters from north to south. The wall is a brick structure, and the north wall is a double-layer hollow wall to facilitate thermal insulation; The south wall is provided with two windows every 3 meters for ventilation. Dig 50 cm below the ground in the shed, and the top surface of the shed is covered with non-dripping film for insulation. Conditional mushroom farmers can also use the greenhouse for Hericium erinaceus cultivation.
Second, the cultivation season
According to the requirement of temperature for the growth and development of Hericium erinaceus, the cultivation bag should be made in the middle of1October in Shandong Province, and the mushroom will begin to grow in the middle and late of 1 1 month after about one month of cultivation, and it will end in the middle and early of March of the following year.
Third, the preparation of cultivation bags
1.Formula 1: cottonseed hull 90%, bran 8%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Formula ②: cottonseed hull 58%, sawdust 30%, bran 10%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Formula 3: cottonseed hull 50%, corn cob powder 38%, bran 10%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. Mix the raw materials of the above formulas evenly, and adjust the water content to 65% according to the material-water ratio1:1.2 ~1:1.4.
2. Packed in15cm× 32cm ~ 34cm× 0.04cm polypropylene plastic bags, and the weight of dry materials in each bag is about 0.4kg ~ 0.45kg.. The material should be moderately compacted, and then the bag mouth should be tightened with a rope.
Fourth, sterilization
1.Sterilization at normal pressure: put the culture material bag in a sterilization pot in layers, heat it to 100℃, keep it for 10 hour, simmer for 5-6 hours, and then take out the bag and cool it for inoculation.
2. High-capacity autoclave is used for high-pressure sterilization, and the material bag is also placed in layers, and the pressure is kept at1.2kg/cm2 for 2 hours, and then the pressure is naturally cooled to zero, and the lid is opened to take out the material bag for cooling. When sterilizing in a large-capacity sterilizer, if the pressure is raised to 1. 5 kg/cm2, bag melting and bag expansion will easily occur, which will affect the sterilization effect.
V. Inoculation and culture
When the bag is cooled to below 30℃, it is transferred to an inoculation box for inoculation. The inoculation box is fumigated and sterilized with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde, and the inoculation is carried out in aseptic operation for 20 minutes. Inoculation is carried out from both ends of the material bag, and generally 25 bags can be connected to each bottle of strain. After inoculation, the bag can be directly moved into the greenhouse to cultivate the fungus. Before moving into the greenhouse, the greenhouse should be fully disinfected, the window should be opened to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, the ground and the walls should be sprayed with lime water, and then sealed with formaldehyde or sulfur for 24 hours. If Hericium erinaceus is cultivated in a greenhouse with warm vegetables in winter, the inoculated bag can be placed in a culture room for culture until the feeding depth of the mycelium reaches about 2 cm, and then moved into the greenhouse for further culture. The material bags are arranged in a wall type, with 6 layers stacked in each row, and a layer of bricks is laid on the bottom, with a row spacing of 60 cm, so as to facilitate management.
During the fungus growing period, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation management, properly put a straw curtain on the top of the shed for shade, and control the temperature in the shed not to exceed 27℃. After about 30 days, when the hyphae are close to full growth, the bags should be inspected, and the bags contaminated by heavy miscellaneous bacteria should be removed, and the mushroom growing bags can be managed.
Six, mushroom management
Untie the ropes at both ends of the bacterial bag full of bacteria, and then gently pull the bag mouth and reset it to improve the ventilation condition inside the bacterial bag. Increase the humidity in the shed to above 85% and keep the temperature in the shed at10℃ ~ 20℃. After entering the end of 1 1 month, the intensity of sunshine warming in the northern region is obviously weakened, and the straw curtain can be properly removed during the day to increase sunshine warming, and the straw curtain can be covered at night to keep warm. If the light is strong and the temperature in the shed is on the high side, the grass curtain can be properly covered for shade during the day. In sunny and warm weather, gently open the south window for moderate ventilation. Generally, buds begin to appear after 7 days ~ 10 days, and the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus should be harvested in time after10 days ~15 days when the thorn length is about 0.5 cm ~1cm. After harvesting, the mushroom roots should be eliminated and the culture should continue. In severe winter, if the heat preservation effect of greenhouse is poor, the mushroom production management can be suspended until the temperature rises in early February. Generally, 2 ~ 3 tidal mushrooms can be harvested, and the biological efficiency can reach 100%. Because the greenhouse has good thermal insulation performance and the evaporation in the greenhouse is small in winter, the number of spraying water should be reduced appropriately in management, and it is strictly forbidden to spray water on the bag mouth and mushroom buds to avoid causing mushroom buds to rot.
For the mushroom bags with 2 ~ 3 tides, the method of covering soil can be used, and its biological efficiency can generally exceed 120%. The method is as follows: dig a border with a width of 1.2 m and a depth of 25 cm in the shed, remove the plastic bags from the bacterial bags, put them in a bunch of 3-4 vertical borders, cover them with fine loam with a thickness of about 2 cm, and then keep the border moist for about 15 days. When the spines are as long as 0.5 cm, they can be carefully harvested, and the part of the mushroom stalk stuck with soil can be cut off with a knife and sold or processed.