With the improvement of people's quality of life, the demand for Stichopus japonicus is increasing day by day. However, in recent years, due to over-harvesting, the resources of Stichopus japonicus have been destroyed, and the harvesting amount has been far from meeting the market demand, and the market price has continued to rise. In this case, the prospect of artificial culture of Stichopus japonicus in seawater ponds is quite optimistic, which can become a new way for fishermen to increase their income. Stichopus japonicus is native to the shallow sea of the North Pacific Ocean, and the environmental climate in China's coastal areas is more suitable for its growth. At present, the culture of Stichopus japonicus in many coastal areas of China has begun to take shape.
The artificial culture of Stichopus japonicus mainly has the following characteristics: First, the culture technology is simple, and it can be used in mud pond, stone throwing culture and shallow seabed sowing culture. Second, the market prospect is broad, and the nutritional value of sea cucumber is high. Now the market is in short supply and there is no shortage of sales. Third, the efficiency is high. Take Yantai City, Shandong Province as an example, the annual aquaculture benefits per mu in this city are more than 20,000 yuan, and some benefits in other areas can reach 30,000 yuan. At present, more than 450 mu of sea cucumbers are cultivated in ponds in this city, and the bottom sowing of seawater reaches 1200 mu.
Stichopus japonicus culture has high income, but it is also a project with large investment and must bear certain risks. Artificial culture of Stichopus japonicus can be carried out by releasing proliferation or building ponds around the sea. It is necessary to create suitable conditions for the growth of Stichopus japonicus by pond culture. Stichopus japonicus generally inhabits the shallow sea of 3m ~15m, and likes to live on the bottom of a rocky reef with calm water and lush algae, or on the bottom of a hard sediment with large algae. Stichopus japonicus is a narrow-salt animal, which can't tolerate low salt, and the most suitable salinity is 28 ~ 38. Therefore, the pond should be built in a wide sea area with clear water quality, rich bait, far away from the estuary and unpolluted sea area, where Stichopus japonicus grows rapidly.
In order to ensure that the pond water can be circulated in time and kept clean, practice has proved that the pond can be built into a free tide-receiving type. The free tidal pond is connected with the sea. Every day when the tide is high, the intake gate is opened to absorb fresh seawater, and when the tide is low, the gate is opened to discharge part of the pool water. This not only ensures the freshness of seawater in the pond, but also absorbs a lot of plankton to provide sufficient bait for Stichopus japonicus. It should be noted that Stichopus japonicus has high requirements on salinity, and the sudden rise and fall of salinity is the most taboo. Therefore, during and after heavy rain, the pond drainage should not be too large, and it should be gradually discharged to ensure the stability of salinity. At present, the effect of adopting free tidal pond culture mode is quite good.
Stichopus japonicus likes to attach to hard attachments, so it is necessary to create such an environment for it to cultivate Stichopus japonicus, and artificially build reefs by putting stones, tiles, cement bricks, etc. at the bottom of the pond. Because the surface area of stone is relatively large, and there are many basic bait for growth, it can provide food for Stichopus japonicus, so the effect of building reef with stone is the best.
After the pond is built, stock the ginseng seedlings. The selection of seedlings should pay attention to early, big and strong, that is, the first batch of eggs are stronger, so choose early seedlings; If there are plenty of seedlings, try to choose big seedlings; In the same batch of big seedlings, if they are all big, we should choose strong seedlings. It should be noted that the stocking density should be reasonable, and excessive stocking density will cause diseases.
Select 3 cm ~10 cm, and stock 2,000 ~ 6,000 seedlings per mu. If the stocking density is too high, it may cause diseases or even grow up, resulting in low commodity rate.
The daily management of Stichopus japonicus is simple. First, change the water, adopt free tidal culture, and ensure that the water is taken twice a day. Less water exchange is prone to diseases.
Stichopus japonicus has strong adaptability to temperature, and can grow normally in the water temperature range of 0℃ ~ 20℃. However, when the temperature exceeds 28℃, it is necessary to take measures such as shading and changing water to cool down. The usual feeding management is relatively simple. Stichopus japonicus mainly feeds on plankton, benthic diatoms and organic debris, and the bait organisms in seawater can basically meet their growth needs. In the season with little plankton, a proper amount of feed can be fed.
Stichopus japonicus is less harmful, mainly including Japanese sturgeon, Cargill and perch. Once found, it should be fished out in time. Stichopus japonicus is a high-grade sea treasure, and its breeding investment is large and risky, and it needs a suitable water environment. Therefore, I hope that everyone should be practical and adapt to local conditions, and must not blindly follow the trend.