1. Seedling raising and transplanting
The amount of seeds used for seedling raising and transplanting is small, which is convenient for centralized management at seedling stage and has high yield. However, most of the harvested Abrus cantonensis have small main roots, many lateral roots and branches, and the rattan stems are too long, which can not meet the purchase specifications, and it is difficult to find a market, which greatly reduces the commodity price.
2. Live broadcast
The method of direct seeding planting does not go through the seedling stage, does not need hedgerows, and does not need to apply chemical fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer), which can save seedling stage management and transplanting procedures. The obtained medicinal materials have obvious taproots and few lateral roots, so the harvested products have better specifications and quality, are easy to export, have high commodity prices, and can achieve better economic benefits. However, the amount of direct seeding seeds is large and the yield is low.
Considering the quality of medicinal materials, the specifications of medicinal materials produced by transplanting seedlings are poor, which do not meet the export standards (large taproots, few lateral roots, short rattan stems and few leaves). Therefore, direct seeding should be adopted in the breeding method.
(1) seed treatment
The seeds of Abrus cantoniensis are wrapped in wax, which is not easy to absorb water and swell. Under natural conditions, the germination rate is very low, generally only 20%-50%, so the seeds need to be treated manually before sowing. Treatment methods usually include: soaking seeds in warm water; River sand grinding; Sandpaper grinds seeds; Chemical dewaxing. Among them, the first three methods are simple and easy to operate, and can be carried out alternately, which are commonly used methods; Methods Before wiping the seeds, the seeds can be soaked and directly sown after wiping the wax layer. But you can also soak the seeds in warm water at 25~30℃ 1-2 days, and change the water twice. After the seeds fully absorb water and swell, they can be sown separately. If it can't absorb water and swell, use sandpaper to grind the skin, or put the small river sand and seeds with a ratio of 3: 1 into a stone jar (or other container) for friction, and grind off the waxy layer to make the surface of the seeds rough and transparent, then continue to soak them in warm water, and drip dry the water before sowing. Or use the method before using the method.
The specific operation is as follows:
Sand kneading method: mix the seeds with clean and moist fine sand for about 5 times, put them in a cloth bag and knead them by hand until the surface of the seeds becomes rough and loses luster, then soak them in cold water for 24 hours, select the seeds that have absorbed water and are ready for sowing, and treat the unexpanded seeds in the same way.
Hot water soaking method: according to the hardness of the seeds, soak the seeds with hot water with an initial temperature of 60 ~ 80%. The method is to put the seeds into a jar or barrel, then pour in hot water to make the water level about 3 cm higher than the seeds, and stir the seeds with a stick to make the seeds evenly heated. After the water is cooled, it is soaked in cold water for 24 hours, and then the swollen seeds are picked out for sowing. Seeds without swelling are treated in the same way, and generally higher germination rate can be achieved after two treatments.
Warm water soaking method of Amomum villosum: put Amomum villosum into a container and pour it into the initial temperature of 60℃. 70% hot water, the seeds were soaked in water for 2 ~ 3 cm for 24 hours, and then picked up for sowing, with good results.