Shi Wa is a unique and precious product in the southern mountainous area of China. It lives in clear flowing spring water and feeds on other insects such as earthworms, shrimps, crabs, snails, moths and mosquitoes. Shi Wa is big, tender, delicious and nutritious, and has important edible, health care and medicinal values. It is the frog species with the most flavor and nutritional value among all frogs at present. Frog meat contains high protein, glucose, amino acids, iron, calcium, phosphorus and various vitamins, and is low in fat and cholesterol. It has always been a natural high-grade nourishing green food at banquets, and has been praised as "the king of hundreds of frogs" by gourmets.
I. Edible value
1, amino acid content
Shi Wa contains 18 amino acids, 8 of which are essential for human body. See the table below for amino acid content.
1, Shi Wa muscle amino acid content (g/100g dry weight)
Essential amino acids for human body refer to the above eight kinds, including isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, accounting for 40.70% of the total amino acids. Protein, a food with high nutritional value, not only contains a complete range of essential amino acids, but also has an appropriate proportion of essential amino acids to meet the needs of the human body, so that the essential amino acids can be absorbed most completely and have the highest nutritional value. Shi Wa muscle basically conforms to the requirement pattern suggested by FAO/ WHO/United Nations University Expert Committee (1985), and the total amount of essential amino acids is higher than the human requirement pattern, among which the proportion of Shi Wa is more in line with the human requirement pattern, that is to say, the nutritional value is more ideal. Therefore, the proportion of essential amino acids in Shi Wa muscle meets the needs of human body and is easily absorbed by human body.
2. Composition of mineral elements in Shi Wa muscle and frog skin.
According to the analysis and test, Shi Wa muscle contains more than 20 mineral elements (see Table 2 and Table 3 below), among which 8 elements are rich, namely potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (al), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) in sequence.
Table 2 Contents of general mineral elements in Shi Wa muscle (mg/ 100g wet weight)
Table 3 Contents of Trace Mineral Elements in Muscle of Shi Wa (mg/ 100g wet weight)
Calcium is one of the elements with high content in human body. The content in human body is 1.300g, which is about 1.5% ~ 2% of body weight. It has important physiological functions in human body. If lacking, it will cause abnormal development of teeth and bones, muscle spasm, osteoporosis, and even osteomalacia in severe cases. The calcium needed by human body mainly comes from food, but people often eat cereals, pork, beef and other foods with low calcium content, so it is necessary to supplement some foods rich in calcium that are easy to supplement. It can be seen from Table 2 that the calcium content in Shi Wa muscle is 2 1mg/ 100g (based on wet weight), while the calcium content in Shi Wa skin is as high as 248mg/ 100g (based on wet weight), which is much higher than other animal foods. Therefore, the total content of Shi Wa is not low on the whole, and it can still be used as one of the drugs for people to supplement calcium.
Table 4 Comparison of Shi Wa muscle with other mineral elements (mg/ 100g wet weight)
The data in the table are quoted from the food composition table compiled by Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. "-"means there is no reliable data. The content of essential trace elements in human body is very small, accounting for about 0. 1% of body weight, but it has important physiological functions. The high selenium content shows that it has high nutritional value. A large number of facts have proved that selenium is a very important trace element in human body, and selenium deficiency can cause nutritional muscle fiber atrophy, liver dysfunction and immune function decline. The important physiological function of selenium is to form selenium-containing enzymes, participate in the catalytic reaction of three enzymes, and reduce toxic peroxides into harmless hydroxylates, thus protecting cells and tissues from damage. In addition, selenium can also promote the production of immunoglobulin and inactivate toxic metals (such as mercury) in the body.
Second, the health care and medicinal value
According to Compendium of Materia Medica and Animal Records of China, "Shi Wa has the effect of nourishing and strengthening, which is mainly used to treat tuberculosis, malnutrition and physical weakness in children, especially for pregnant women". From the point of view of medical care, Shi Wa is sweet in taste, flat in nature, enters the heart, liver and lung meridians, can strengthen the spleen and promote digestion, and can treat dyspepsia, anorexia, weakness and other symptoms. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, nourishing and strengthening the body, clearing away heart fire, nourishing yin and reducing fire, strengthening tendons and bones, nourishing the liver and stomach, tonifying deficiency, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and disinfecting sores, and is especially suitable for physical weakness after illness. Modern medical research shows that Shi Wa is effective in treating cancer. Modern research also found that the frog skin contains bradykinin, which can make the human uterus contract and have a miraculous effect on postpartum recovery. It is a high-grade health tonic and a treasure on the table. The "frog" in the ancient eight treasures of "ginseng, wing, bone, abdomen, nest, palm, frog and tendon" refers to Shi Wa, which has always been the first-class delicacies and rare delicacies in the royal court banquet, and is called the precious game of "taking medicine and getting sores".
1, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney
Shi Wa's meat is mild and sweet. Entering the heart, lung and kidney meridians, it has the functions of nourishing and strengthening, nourishing yin and reducing fire, clearing away heart fire and moistening lung, relieving fatigue and tonifying deficiency, strengthening bones and muscles, benefiting essence and subduing yang. It has a good curative effect on waist and knee soreness, five-upset fever, postpartum weakness, pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, night sweats, neurasthenia and other diseases caused by yin deficiency.
2. Postpartum recovery
Shi Wa contains Brandylnin, which can make women's uterus contract in vitro, especially suitable for lying-in women.
3, detoxification, healing sores, eyesight
Shi Wa tadpoles can detoxify, heal sores and blacken hair, while Shi Wa eggs can improve eyesight.
4. Promote bone growth
Because of Shi Wa's special calcium gland, the calcium in the calcium gland is easily absorbed by people. Therefore, it can promote the growth of children's bones and help fracture patients recover as soon as possible.
5. Malnutrition and wasting
It can be used for treating sallow and emaciated face, abdominal distension, anorexia, night sweats, and low fever in children.
6, weak body, upset and thirsty after illness
Shi Wa contains 8 kinds of amino acids and more than 20 kinds of trace elements necessary for human body, and has curative effects on physical weakness after illness, wound healing after operation, vexation, thirst, fatigue, emaciation and loss of appetite. When people (especially women) avoid eating, eating Shi Wa meat can stimulate appetite, and patients with weak stomach or hyperacidity are also suitable for eating frog meat.
Shi Wa has rich and comprehensive muscle nutrition, high content of protein and unsaturated fatty acids, and complete amino acids, among which the content of essential amino acids is high, and the proportion meets the needs of human body. There are many kinds of mineral elements, which are rich in trace elements necessary for human metabolism and have high nutritional, health and medicinal values.
Third, how to eat
(1) Cook Shi Wa soup.
1, 500g of raw material Shi Wa and 0.5g of sesame oil.
2, Shi Wa's practice to head, viscera, without peeling, cut into small pieces, first fried in the oil pan, pour sesame oil, and then add water to stew in the pot for about half an hour, add the right amount of salt to eat, this soup is delicious. Boiled Shi Wa soup has two colors, clear soup and milky white soup. If you start to add warm water, the soup is milky white; If boiled in cold water, the soup is clear.
(2) Steamed Shi Wa
1, raw material Shi Wa 500g, salt 1.5g, cooking wine 15g, a little onion, ginger and monosodium glutamate.
2. Methods Cut the frog viscera into 4 pieces and put them into the prototype soup bowl. Add the above seasonings, cover the bowl and steam for half an hour. This meat is delicious, fragrant and attractive.
(3) Fried frog legs with green peppers
1, raw frog leg 300g, green pepper 200g, onion, ginger and garlic 30g each, cooking wine 20g, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, water starch and appropriate amount of vegetable oil.
2. Method: Cut the frog legs into 2cm long pieces and mix them with Jamlom salt and cooking wine. Dice onion, ginger and garlic. Mix the juice with refined salt, monosodium glutamate and water starch. Cut the green pepper into 2 cm long sections. Heat the pan, add some oil, stir-fry frog legs in the pan, then add green pepper, onion, ginger and garlic in the pan, stir-fry a little, and boil the juice until it is cooked. This dish is fresh and delicious, salty and slightly spicy, and appetizing after eating.
(4) Shi Wa Hotpot
1, raw materials Shi Wa 1500g, radish 200g, water bamboo 200g, bamboo shoots 200g, ginger 5g, refined oil 100g, garlic 5g, onion 5g, dried pepper 5g, pepper 3g, rock sugar 3g, watercress/kloc-0.
2. Methods Shi Wa slaughtered the head and internal organs, temporarily made into pieces with a square of 4 cm, and put them in a soup pot to soak in water. Peel bamboo shoots, water bamboo and radish, change them into small pieces, wash them and put them in a hot pot basin for later use. Ginger is cut into nail slices, and onion is cut into "horse ears". Put a wok on a stove, heat it with oil, add watercress, ginger, onion, pepper and dried pepper, stir-fry until fragrant red, add Shi Wa meat, whole garlic and crystal sugar, add red soup, add monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, pepper and cooking wine, bring to a boil, let out all floating foam, and pour in green bamboo shoots, water bamboo shoots and white rice. Shi Wa meat is tender and spicy with a long aftertaste.
(5), mountain pepper Shi Wa
1, raw materials: Shi Wa meat 350g, cucumber 100g, water-borne auricularia 20g, pepper 20g, pepper water 25g, egg white 1, dry starch, refined salt, cooking wine and refined oil 200g (about 100g).
2. Method: Wash Shi Wa meat, chop it into 5 cm pieces, wash the blood with clear water, and then size it with refined salt, egg white and dry starch; Wash cucumber and cut into diamond-shaped pieces; Wild pepper with pedicle. Light a clean pot, put the refined oil in, and heat it to 30% to 40%. Then add Shi Wa meat, disperse with chopsticks, and fry until the surface turns white. Then cook cooking wine, add pepper and fungus, stir-fry until fragrant, add appropriate amount of water, add refined salt and pepper water after boiling, add cucumber slices, and then take the pot and put it into a glass wok. Features: Tian chicken is tender, salty and slightly spicy, and wild pepper is strong.
(6) Garlic Shi Wa
Raw garlic 1, 10 petals, 300g of Shi Wa, 4 slices of ginger and a little green garlic. Accessories: medicinal materials: 6 grams of Cortex Lycii, 3 grams of Herba Ephedrae, 6 grams of Cortex Mori, 3 grams of Radix Glycyrrhizae, and 0.5 grams of Ramulus Cinnamomi/kloc-0. Seasoning: cooking wine 1/2 tbsp, salt 1/2 tsp.
2. Wash and chop Shi Wa; Garlic is fried in a frying pan. Shi Wa is put into a pot, and 400 ml of all medicinal materials, ginger slices, cooking wine, garlic, salt and water are added. Stew 15 minutes, sprinkle with green garlic and serve. Features: This dish can relieve cough and asthma, and relieve lung heat, cough, asthma and bronchitis.