The characteristics of children's psychological development, the development of children's psychology is a process in which the individual's attitude towards one thing is unclear and discontinuous and becomes continuous and clear. The characteristics of children's psychological development have laws to follow. Let's share the characteristics of children's psychological development.
Characteristics of children's psychological development 1 1, continuity and stages. The continuity of psychological development means that the whole psychological development of an individual is in the process of continuous quantitative change to qualitative change, and the development of the latter stage always depends on the foundation of the previous stage, and the latter stage contains the factors of the previous stage and prepares for the next stage. At the same time, children's psychological changes have gradually accumulated and made a qualitative leap on the basis of quantity, which shows obvious stage characteristics.
2. Directionality and sequence. Under normal circumstances, the direction and sequence of children's psychological development center are neither reversible nor insurmountable.
3. Imbalance. From birth to maturity, individuals do not always develop in a straight line at equal speed. On the one hand, it is manifested in the development speed, the start and end time of individual different systems and the different processes of reaching maturity; On the other hand, the same psychological phenomenon has different development speeds at different ages. On the whole, children's whole physical and mental development is advancing in waves, and there are two accelerated periods, one is infancy and the other is adolescence.
4. Difference. The difference of psychological development refers to the differences of advantages, psychological speed and development level in the process of psychological development of different individuals.
The main characteristics of children's psychological development
1, Infant children showed action thinking, preschool period children began to develop image thinking on the basis of action thinking, while junior primary school students mainly focused on image thinking, and abstract thinking began to develop. Senior primary school students already had preliminary abstract thinking ability but still maintained the characteristics of image thinking.
2. The development of the nervous system is fast at first and then slow, while the weight of the brain in early childhood is equivalent to 80% of that in maturity, and it is close to the adult level around 9 years old; The reproductive system grows rapidly during puberty (girls 1 1 year-old to 12-year-old, boys 13-year-old to 14-year-old), but develops slowly around puberty.
3. If some children are precocious, some are stupid, some are silent, and some are lively and outgoing; Some are good at writing and some are good at hands-on operation. It is these differences that lead to the differences in children's psychological development.
Characteristics of children's psychological development 2 characteristics of children's psychological development
1, age characteristics are formed under certain social and educational conditions, so there is no unified and eternal age characteristics.
2. The development of children's psychology has both continuity and stages. Each stage not only leaves the characteristics of the previous stage, but also contains the new quality of the next stage, but each stage always has the dominant essential characteristics.
3. Children's age characteristics are summarized from many individual children's psychological development facts, which represent the typical characteristics and general trends of most children's psychological development at this age, that is to say, they should be based on frequent rather than accidental performances, and the characteristics of individual children under special conditions at this stage should not be regarded as age characteristics.
4. Stability shows that under certain social and educational conditions, most children of a certain age are always at a certain level of development and show basically similar psychological characteristics.
5. The process sequence and development speed of the development stage are relatively unchanged, which cannot be surpassed or reversed.
6. The age characteristics of children's psychological development is a starting point of education. The arrangement of teaching materials and the design of teaching methods should take into account the level and age characteristics of the educated. Because the age characteristics have both stages and continuity, we should pay attention to the transition from one stage to another; Because of the stability and variability of age characteristics, we should take care of individual differences while paying attention to the same sex in teaching.
How to educate children according to their psychological development characteristics
1, children are not "villains". The fallacy of the traditional view of children begins with the difference between Chinese and foreign education, and the presupposed view of children in different time and space backgrounds is also different.
2. Especially through the comparison between domestic new schools and traditional private schools and between western education and traditional education, Chen Heqin thinks that China's traditional education "has too many weaknesses, its organization and its content are too unsuitable for the modern situation."
3. The root cause is, of course, the traditional society's view of children. "Ordinary people's misconceptions about children think that children are the same as adults, and children's various instincts are the same as adults. The difference is that children's bodies are smaller than adults.
Nowadays, education is becoming more and more scientific and closer to children's psychology. Only education close to children's psychology can play a certain role in children's education. There are many misunderstandings about children's education in China, so parents should study hard and improve their education methods. Education is still an important function for the family, so parents must take it seriously.
Characteristics of children's psychological development 3 3-6 years old children's psychological development 5 characteristics
Age characteristics
Once a child begins to enter the stage of three years old, we will find many incredible and miracles. For example, when a child suddenly pops out something particularly strange or philosophical, it is easy to get angry. At first, there are many strange ideas that we can't understand. In fact, children aged 3-6 should be another very complicated and rebellious age apart from adolescence. In my opinion, it is more important for children to grow up psychologically at this stage than adolescence.
Psychological performance and parenting measures
First, the self-construction of internal values
1, before the age of three, children need healthy mental nutrition to make him believe in the world and his loved ones enough;
2. From three to six years old, on the basis of healthy psychology, they should form their own attitudes and methods, and form preliminary social rules or values;
3. Because they are children, they are more likely to be sad and at a loss than we are.
Therefore, when you find that your child is doing something wrong, don't criticize her first, or when your child is hesitant about something, don't rush her and yell at him impatiently first. Please think calmly or talk to him first, find out the reasons behind these behaviors and point out the direction for him.
Second, the pursuit of perfection and the sensitive period of order
1, have a strong desire to control how to do a thing or how to put a thing, where to put it;
2. Even small things will be very upset and cry when they are disturbed and disrupted by others;
Then, when children protest because of such emotions or dissatisfaction, what we should do is to apologize and respect, instead of not caring and thinking it's no big deal. In this way, our children will kNOw how to protect their rights and interests from infringement, how to keep different safe distances from different people, how to say no to dislikes or disappointments, and how to excrete unhealthy emotions.
Third, the construction of self-aesthetics
1, suddenly care about what you want to wear, choose your own clothes and often play with them, asking your mother to buy the same clothes as children, and insist on dressing handsome and beautiful even if the weather is cold;
2, will observe and evaluate what others wear (ugly, beautiful, etc.);
4. The little girl behaved obviously when she deliberately walked with her head held high and asked others to pay attention to him and praise him.
This is the most important period to cultivate children's self-confidence and self-appreciation. Many adults worship a person to have the same hairstyle, clothes, even walking posture and facial expressions as him, because the self-aesthetics in childhood is not well constructed. Therefore, at this stage, children should be guided to learn to appreciate themselves in time, and build their self-confidence from the heart rather than relying on material security. Later, he will appreciate others calmly and will not be jealous, blindly worship and imitate.
Fourth, the sensitive period of marriage
1, when they begin to like being a father or a mother, it is time to take care of their "children", a rag doll or a small animal, indicating that children have entered a sensitive period of marriage;
2. They will discuss who is the father and who is the mother, and who is the master of this family.
3, will gradually extend the real idea, such as to marry someone, have a fixed favorite or good companion, will have a possessive desire, and begin to have an Oedipus plot.
At this stage, the role of everyone in the family and the relationship between the members will have a vital impact on the children's future marriage and emotion. A family that quarrels every day, even if there is a father and a mother, the child's psychology will be traumatized. So if it is inevitable to become a single-parent family, don't deny the other half in front of the children, and don't exclude the children from getting along with the other half. In a harmonious family, while ensuring the normal loving relationship between husband and wife, we should also understand the children's father-loving plot or Oedipus plot.
V. Healthy development of sexual psychology
Children's normal psychological development, at this age, will inevitably be curious about their differences with the opposite sex, and begin to explore some parts of their bodies.
Not engaging in sexual mystery, peaceful mentality and correct guidance are the key points of sexual enlightenment for children aged 3-6. When children are confused, we are still hiding, so they will be more confused. When they are confused, they will find it again, have sex prematurely and don't know how to protect themselves. Therefore, we should treat children's sexual exploration behaviors and doubts with questions and answers, scientific guidance, no rude interruption, no humiliation and abuse, and we can also take children to understand them with the help of some books and picture books, just like understanding other parts of our bodies.
3-6 years old is a very complicated age stage, and the time for children to appear these situations may be different. However, if none of these things appear, don't be glad, because it is not good news that some man-made reasons (family changes, too much intervention and control by caregivers, etc.) make children's psychological development lag or stop. I hope that everyone can interact with children more, observe children more, accompany children more, and let children get in touch with nature and become a mentally healthy and positive child. This kind of education is the best.