What are the customs of the Manchu people? What are the customs and habits of the Manchu people?
Clothing
The Manchu people have a long history and developed culture. Its costumes are elegant and gorgeous, unique in China's national costume culture, and have had a great influence on the development of China's costume culture.
Due to the cold living environment and the needs of hunting life, in the past, Manchus, both men and women, mostly wore "horseshoe sleeve" robes. After Nurhaci established the Eight Banners system, the attire of the "banner people" became "cheongsam" (called "yijie" in Manchu).
In the early Qing Dynasty, the style of cheongsam was generally collarless, large lapel, waistband, left vent, and slits on all sides. The clothes fit well and are conducive to horse riding and shooting. When going hunting, you can also put dry food and other things into the front. This kind of cheongsam has two outstanding features. One is that it is collarless. In order to unify the dress and crown, Nurhaci once formulated the dress and crown system, stipulating that "all court uniforms should have a shawl collar, and ordinary people only have robes." That is, ordinary clothes cannot have collars, and only court clothes worn when entering the court can have a large collar shaped like a shawl; secondly, there is a half-moon-shaped sleeve head with a long top and short bottom attached to the narrow cuffs, which is shaped like a horse's hoof, commonly known as " Horseshoe sleeves". It is usually tied up and put down when hunting or fighting in winter, so that it covers the back of the hand. It not only plays a role of keeping warm like a glove, but also does not affect the bow and arrow shooting, so it is also called "arrow sleeve" (called "wow" in Manchu). ha"). After the Manchus took over the Central Plains, "letting wah ha" became a prescribed action in the etiquette of the Qing Dynasty. When officials entered the court to see the emperor or other princes and ministers, they had to flick down their horse-hoove sleeves first, and then kneel down with their hands on the ground to salute.
It is also customary to wear a short coat with a round neck, navel length, and elbow-length sleeves over the cheongsam. Because this kind of short coat was originally worn when riding and shooting, it was not only convenient for riding but also able to withstand wind and cold, so it was named "horse coat". In the early Qing Dynasty, the mandarin jacket was the "military uniform" of the Eight Banners soldiers. Later, it became popular among the people and took on the characteristics of formal dress and regular clothes. Its styles and fabrics became more diverse. Manchu people also like to wear a waistcoat outside their cheongsam. Waistcoats are generally divided into cotton, quilted and leather types and are used to keep warm. There are many styles such as double lapel, pipa lapel, twist lapel and so on.
As a "fashion" of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu women's cheongsam has developed a lot. At that time, the practice of "eighteen trimmings" was popular in Beijing and other places, that is, eighteen lines of trimming were considered good-looking, and the style became a wide robe with large sleeves. After the Revolution of 1911, the style of cheongsam changed from fat to thin; in the 1930s, Influenced by Western short skirts in the early 1900s, the length was shortened, almost to the knees, and the cuffs were narrowed; in the mid-1930s, it was lengthened, with high slits on both sides, and the curves were highlighted; in the 1940s, it was shortened again, with short-sleeved or sleeveless cheongsam appearing, with a streamlined appearance . Later, the front and back parts of the garment were separated, with shoulder seams and sleeve-style cheongsam skirts. A wide range of materials are available, including cotton, wool, silk, linen and various chemical fiber clothing materials. In addition to long and short sleeves, cheongsam is also available in leather, cotton, single and clip styles, making it easy to wear in different seasons. The general style of cheongsam, which has been continuously improved, is roughly as follows: straight collar, narrow sleeves, large placket on the right side, button fastening, tight waist, length below the knee, and slits on both sides. Pay attention to workmanship and color matching, mostly on the collar, cuffs and The edges of the clothes are embroidered with lace with various patterns. This not only brings out the beauty of the female figure, but also looks elegant and generous. The oriental-colored cheongsam has now become a popular Chinese garment among Chinese women.
The combination of cheongsam, "flag head" and "flag shoes" constitutes the typical traditional clothing of Manchu women.
"Flag head" refers to a hairstyle, also called a hair crown. It is similar to a fan shape, with iron wire or bamboo rattan as the hat frame, green satin, green velvet or green yarn as the surface, and wrapped in a fan-shaped crown about 30 cm long and more than 10 cm wide. Just fix it on your bun when wearing it. It is often embroidered with patterns, inlaid with jewelry or decorated with various flowers, and hung with long tassels. The "flag head" is mostly used by upper-class Manchu women, and is generally worn as a decoration by women from private families when they get married. Wearing this wide and long hair crown limits the twisting of the neck and makes the body straight, making it appear extra dignified and steady, suitable for grand occasions.
"Flag shoes" have a unique style and are a kind of high wooden sole embroidered shoes, also known as "high sole shoes", "flowerpot sole shoes", "horse hoof sole shoes", etc. The wooden-soled heels are generally about 5-10 cm high, some can reach 14-16 cm, and the highest ones can reach about 25 cm. It is usually wrapped in white cloth and then set in the middle of the sole of the shoe. There are usually two shapes of the base. One is open at the top and narrowed at the bottom, in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal flowerpot. The other type is thin at the top and wide at the bottom, flat at the front and round at the back. Its shape and the mark on the ground are like a horse's hoof. "Flowerpot bottom" and "horseshoe bottom" shoes got their names from this.
In addition to the uppers being decorated with embroidery patterns or decorative pieces such as cicadas and butterflies, the parts of the wooden heels that do not touch the ground are also often decorated with embroidery or beads. Some shoe tips are also decorated with tassels made of silk threads, which are as long as the ground. The high-heeled wooden soles of this kind of shoes are extremely strong. The uppers are often broken, but the soles are still intact, and... >>
What special customs do the Manchus have? Manchu customs The Manchu birth customs are generally the same as those of the Han people. However, due to differences in geographical environment, lifestyle and religious beliefs, the Manchu birth customs retain some unique customs of this nation. The Manchus believe in shamanism, so if they are 30 years old and have no children, they have to ask the shaman to ask for a child. There are many taboos for women when they are pregnant. They are not allowed to sit on the pot sill, window sill, or grinding table. They are not allowed to attend other people's weddings, and they are not allowed to serve the ancestors of gods. Before the child is born, a shaman is asked to pray to Mother Foto. The delivery room cannot be located in the Westinghouse. When a child is born, grass must be laid on the kang. When the child is born, it is called "falling grass." If the child is a boy, hang an arc (a tree branch made into a bow shape, with a feather inserted in the middle as an arrow) on the left side of the door; if it is a girl, hang a red cloth on the right side of the door. On the second day after the baby is born, a woman with many children and good health should be asked to feed him milk for the first time, which is called "breastfeeding". Then, on the third day, a bathing ceremony is performed for the child: bathe the child in water mixed with locust branches and mugwort leaves, and say some blessings. Then wipe the baby's body with ginger slices and mugwort, and wipe the baby's gums with a new cloth dipped in tea. Let the baby cry loudly, which is considered good luck and is called a "ring basin". Hitting a baby three times with a green onion means "one dozen smart, two dozen smart, three dozen clear". On the seventh day after birth, the baby is put into a rocking car, which is called "carriage day". A rickshaw is also called a rickshaw. "Feeding children and hanging them up" is one of the "Three Big Monsters" in Kanto. Yoche childcare is easy to work and safe. This is a childcare tradition left over from the hunting life. After the child is one month old, he will do a "full moon" ceremony, hang up the longevity lock, get off the rocker, and give a name; when the child is a hundred days old, the mother's family will give her a hundred steamed buns, which is called "steaming (increasing) her hundred years old", and give her a gift of money. One hundred is called "hundred-year-old money". The Manchu people have the custom of sleeping with a "flat head", that is, letting the baby lie on his back with millet or sorghum rice in the pillow, each serving as a "sleeping head". Over time, the back of the head will become flat. When a child turns one year old, there is a ritual of "Zhu Zhou" to test the child's future aspirations. In the past, the Manchu people would hang pig teeth on their children from the time they were born, in order to ensure that the children would be strong and healthy so that they could be born early. Before the child is five years old, he must "dance the God of Joy" (family sacrifice). On this day, chickens are killed to make cakes and sacrifices are made to ancestors. Another Manchu custom is "changing locks". When the child is born, the bow and red cloth hanging outside the door are taken back and tied to the children's rope after the child is full moon, and placed in the children's bag on the west wall. When offering sacrifices to Mother Fotuo to pray for blessings, the children and grandchildren ropes are pulled to the willow tree in the courtyard, and the shaman uses willow branches to sprinkle water on the children to drive away evil spirits. Then, the colorful thread on the descendant's rope is put on the child's body. Three days later, it is taken back and put into the descendant's bag. Because the colorful thread is commonly known as "locking thread", this is commonly known as "changing the lock". The Manchu people are a nation that values ??etiquette and are commonly known as "Manchu people with great etiquette". The ancient traditions of the Manchu people include virtues such as respecting superiors, respecting the elderly, hospitality, and trustworthiness. They also accepted Confucianism and adhered to the feudal ethics of "Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Rules", thus forming a set of cumbersome and strict etiquette. Respecting superiors and elders is a traditional virtue of the Manchu people. When you meet an old man on the road, you must bow and lower your hands and ask "saiyin" (meaning "good" in Manchu). On weekdays, the elderly are given three days of greetings and five days of greetings. Please Da'an is also called "Da Qian'er", and in Manchu it is called "Elada Lami". The action is: first dust the arrow sleeves, lower the sleeve head, bend the left knee forward, bend the right leg backward, lean the head and upper body slightly forward, keep the left hand close to the body, and droop the right hand. To say hello is to say hello, that is, to say hello while standing with hands down. When a woman greets you, she stands with her legs parallel, her hands on her knees and her waist bent, with her knees slightly bent like a half-squat, commonly known as "half-squat". In the past, in Manchu aristocratic families, the younger generation would greet their elders every day, which was called "Dingsheng". Good mornings were divided into "Shengsheng" and "Goodnight". The waist hugging ceremony is a great Manchu gift, also known as the hugging ceremony. When saluting, the saluting person takes a step forward with his right leg, opens both hands, touches the left knee on the ground, holds the recipient's waist with both hands, and gently puts his head under the recipient's chest. The recipient bends slightly and gently touches the head of the recipient with both hands. The shoulder-to-shoulder ceremony is when people of the same generation meet each other, after "beating a thousand children", they touch each other's shoulders to show closeness, commonly known as shoulder-to-head touching. The kowtow ceremony is a great Manchu ritual, also called "kowtow". It is usually performed on important and solemn occasions, and includes actions such as dusting the sleeves, kneeling, and kowtowing. When worshiping the ancestors and dancing to the gods and burning incense, they kowtow three times. When meeting the emperor, they have to bow three times and kowtow nine times. The Lala ceremony is a common ritual for Manchu women. Generally, when two women of the same generation meet each other, they hold each other's hands to say hello, which is called "lala ceremony".
The temple-stroking ceremony is a ceremony performed by Manchu women when they visit their parents-in-law, guests or elders. When saluting, a woman should stroke her right fingers three times from her eyebrows to her temples, and then nod and look at her. The Manchu people have the custom of honoring their sister-in-law, and unmarried Manchu girls have a high status in the family. The Manchu people are generous and hospitable, and they will warmly entertain guests when they come. They will give all they have to guests. It is still customary for Northeastern folk to serve guests in pairs of bowls and dishes, and family members will not avoid them. In places where Manchus live together, between neighbors... >>
Manchu customs and introduction (no more than 100 words) Manchu people respect their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet their elders on the road, You should bow slightly sideways, lower your hands in salute, and wait until the elders pass by. Not only the younger generation should salute when they see their elders, but also the younger ones among their peers should salute and greet the elders when they see them. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands and greeting each other, some also hug each other and greet each other. During the Spring Festival, people have to pray twice, once on the eve of the New Year to bid farewell to the old year, and again on the first day of the new year to welcome the new year.
Traditional Manchu houses generally have three rooms: west, middle and east. The door opens to the south. The west room is called the west upper house, the middle room is called the main room, and the east room is called the east lower house. The house on the west side is equipped with three Kangs on the south, west and north sides. The Western Kang is the most expensive, the North Kang is the larger, and the South Kang is the smaller. Visitors live on the West Kang, the elders mostly live on the North Kang, and the younger generations live on the South Kang.
Taboos: Do not sit on the Western Kang indoors or pile up debris at will; avoid beating, killing, and eating dog meat; do not wear dog-skin hats, do not spread dog-skin mattresses, and do not wear dog-skin hats or dog-hide muffs Sleeve guests.
The customs and habits of the Manchus in 150 words. Respecting the old, loving the young, and paying attention to etiquette are the characteristics of the Manchu people. Everyone in the Qing Dynasty knew that banner people had many etiquettes. There are so many customs and habits of the Manchu people that they are too numerous to mention.
Diet: They like to eat sticky food, meat, pickles, sorghum rice, yellow rice sticky bean buns, perilla leaf pastry, etc. are all favorite foods of the Manchu people.
Regarding residences: Rich people often live in houses with yards inside and outside, and there is a screen wall at the entrance. Ordinary families live in tile-roofed houses or earthen houses, which are built with three thousand-character kangs on three sides, the chimney is erected beside the gable, and the windows are papered on the outside.
In terms of writing and behavior: When you see an elder, you should pay a thousand dollars. Juniors should say hello every day. Manchu women never bound their feet in history.
Dressing: Men wear long-distance running jackets, and women wear cheongsam with their hair combed up. Men like to wear jade pendants, sachets, purses, finger pulls, and finger tying
What are the daily customs of the Manchu people? It is customary for the Manchu people to respect their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When meeting elders on the road, they should bow slightly sideways, lower their hands in salute, and wait for the elders to pass by. Again, not only the younger generation should salute their elders when they see them, but also the younger ones among their peers should salute and greet their elders when they see them. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands and greeting each other, some also hug each other and greet each other. During the Spring Festival, people have to pray twice, once on the eve of the New Year to bid farewell to the old year, and again on the first day of the new year to welcome the new year. Traditional Manchu houses generally have three rooms: west, middle and east, with the door opening to the south. The west room is called the west upper house, the middle room is called the main room, and the east room is called the east lower house. The house on the west side is equipped with three Kangs on the south, west and north sides. The Western Kang is the most expensive, the North Kang is the larger, and the South Kang is the smaller. Visitors live on the West Kang, the elders mostly live on the North Kang, and the younger generations live on the South Kang. Taboos: No sitting or stacking of debris on the Western Kang indoors; no beating, killing, and eating dog meat; no dog-skin hats or dog-skin mattresses; guests wearing dog-skin hats or dog-skin sleeves are taboo. Wedding customs Manchu weddings not only have strong characteristics of their own nation, but also incorporate many customs and etiquette of the Han nation. Generally speaking, they go through the following procedures: Engagement: There are two forms of engagement for young Manchu men and women. First, the parents of young men and women are acquaintances or friends. They understand each other and intend to get married, so they ask a matchmaker to make a lifelong promise to their children. In some cases, the man proposes to the woman, and in some cases the woman proposes to the man. The other is that the man and woman do not know each other, and ask a matchmaker to engage their children, and the matchmaker will hand over the couple's door posts, and issue the banners, resumes, surnames, and three generations of both parties. In addition, they should check each other's birth dates and horoscopes. Put it down: deliver financial gifts. It is divided into two types: large setting and small setting. Fang Xiaoding means that the future daughter-in-law will receive property when she visits her aunts, brothers, sisters-in-law and other close relatives of the groom's family. The enlargement is called "excessive gift", commonly known as "delivering a big meal". It means choosing an auspicious day and the man will send the betrothal gift to the woman's home. The day before the wedding, the bride-to-be is asked to drink "Wind Wine". The bride leaves home and stays in the apartment borrowed by the groom, which is commonly known as "laying down hair". In the early morning of the next day, the bride's family sent the bride off in a float, escorted by her brother. When the float arrives at the groom's house, a brazier is placed on the ground in front of the bridal chamber, and the wedding car carries the bride over the brazier. This is commonly known as going too far to ward off evil spirits.
In order to drive away or kill the ghosts that come with the sedan, the groom will shoot three false arrows at the sedan door; some actually shoot them, but they usually shoot towards the bottom of the sedan to avoid hurting the bride. Then, the bride is helped out of the sedan chair and comes to the front of heaven and earth. Together with the groom, she kowtows to the north three times, which is commonly known as "worshiping the Beidou". After worshiping the Beidou, the world-famous "Zhan-Lefting" ceremony is performed. That is, the bride and groom wearing red hijabs kneel in front of the sacred table in the courtyard, facing south. On the table are a pig's knuckle, three cups of wine, and a sharp knife. The shaman kneels on one leg in front of the table while chanting sutras in Manchu. , while using a sharp knife to cut the meat into pieces and throwing them into the air, at the same time he took the wine cup and poured the wine on the ground. The main purpose is to beg God to bless the newlyweds so that they can have children and grandchildren and grow old together. After the above ceremonies, the bride is helped into the bridal chamber by a family member (that is, a person with parents and children). When the bride crosses the threshold, a saddle is placed on the threshold and the bride must step over it. The bed in the new house must be laid by everyone. After the bridal chamber is laid, music must be played in the room, which is called "ringing the room". When the bride enters the bridal chamber, a little girl holds two bronze mirrors in her hands, takes a look at the bride, and then hangs the bronze mirrors on the bride's chest and back. Then, another little girl handed over two tin pots, which were filled with rice, money, etc., and the bride either held them in her arms or clamped them in her armpits, commonly known as "Bao Bao Vase" or "Bao Bao Matchmaking Pot". When the bride sits firmly on the bed, the groom uses a scale to remove the red cloth covering the bride's head, which is called "uncovering the hijab". Next, the couple drinks a cup of wine and eats Hexi noodles, longevity noodles, or descendant cakes. Food customs: Manchu people eat three meals a day during busy farming periods and two meals a day during slack farming periods. The staple food is mostly millet, sorghum rice, japonica rice, and dry rice. They like to add adzuki beans or beans to the rice, such as sorghum, rice, and bean dry rice. In some areas, corn is the staple food, and corn flour is fermented to make "sour soup". The Manchus in most areas of Northeast China still have the habit of eating rice with water. That is, after making sorghum rice or corn pancakes, rinse them with water, then soak them in water, take them out when eating, and put them into a bowl. They are cool and delicious. This way of eating is most common in summer. Manchu cakes have a long history and became the staple food of the palace in the Qing Dynasty. The most representative one is Yushan's "Chestnut Noodle Wo Tou", also known as Xiao Wo Tou. Manchu snack Saqima has also become a famous pastry in the country. The more famous ones include Qing Dongling pastry, also known as Qing Dongling large pastry, Beijing snack Dun pastry, Hebei Chengde snack oil pastry, Hubei Jingzhou snack lard pastry, etc. The weather in the north is cold in winter and there are no fresh vegetables. Manchu people often use pickled Chinese cabbage (sauerkraut) as the main vegetable in autumn and winter... >>
What are the customs of the Manchu people? There are many taboos in Manchu life, and breaking taboos is considered impolite. The Manchus do not like wearing dog-skin hats or eating dog meat, and they are most afraid of other ethnic groups wearing dog-skin hats entering their homes. Legend has it that when King Khan was in trouble, the dog had the grace to save him. The Manchu people regarded it as their benefactor and protected and cherished it. No one is allowed to sit casually on the Western Kang. There is a locking pole in the courtyard, and animals are not allowed to be tied.
There are also taboos and rules regarding respect and hierarchy. A new daughter-in-law cannot eat at the same table as her father-in-law, mother-in-law, or husband. When the elders eat, the daughter-in-law should serve them beside them. Otherwise, it is regarded as disrespectful and unfilial. Grandfathers and uncles are not allowed to joke with their nephews and wives. The nephew and wife are not allowed to show their arms or legs in front of the uncle. In the past, Manchu women's cheongsam was long enough to cover the insteps and the sleeves were as long as the back of the hands, which is very different from today's short-sleeved cheongsam.
The Manchu people have a custom of respecting their elders. When young people see an elder, they should stand with their hands down and answer the elder's questions in a pleasant manner. If someone criticizes their parents, their children must stand up and answer. For the elderly, a small visit is given for three days and a large visit is given for five days. Please give greetings, and men should say hello, hit Qian'er, and kowtow. To say hello is to say hello to Xiao An, and to say hello while standing with hands down. Doing Qian'er is to greet Da'an. It is also called kneeling on one leg. In Manchu, it is Elatalami. That is, first quickly dust off the sleeves, bend the left leg forward, squat back with the right leg, hold the knee with the left hand, droop the right hand, and put the head and Lean slightly forward. Kowtow ceremony, that is, kowtow, kneel down once and kowtow three times or kneel down twice and kowtow six times. In the New Year, you must kowtow four times. When you reach the third time, you will kneel down and hold your head up, as if you obey orders. If the respected elder wishes him good words, he will stand up with one kowtow, otherwise he will not get up (Volume 4 of "Liubian Jilue").
Kneel down three times and kowtow nine times to gods, Buddhas, ancestors, and emperors. Women's etiquette is different from men's. There is a squatting ceremony, commonly known as half-squatting, that is, standing with feet parallel, hands on knees and bending at the waist, knees slightly bent like a half-squatting. When women meet each other on weekdays, they should touch their foreheads with their right hands and nod in greeting. This is commonly known as stroking the temples, which means stroking their foreheads and temples three times with their fingers, and then nodding their heads to look at each other.
When women meet each other, they hold hands as a courtesy, commonly known as the Lala ceremony, which is different from the greeting ceremony for Han women. Close relatives who have not seen each other for a long time will hug each other to meet each other, and then hold hands to say hello. This is called a great gift of hugging each other.
For example, when a young person sees an elder, he puts his hands on his waist, and the elder touches his back with his hands. When an elderly couple meets each other, they bow to each other. When an old couple reunites after a long absence, the wife goes up to him and puts his head on the old man's chest. The old man gently strokes the back of his wife's head or neck a few times.
Manchu people, when they meet an unknown elder on the road, they should bow and lower their hands and ask Saiyin (meaning good in Manchu); if they are riding a horse, they should dismount and step to the side of the road to let the elder go first. The elder also said politely: Thank you, brother, please get on the horse first, and then the young man can get on the horse and go on his way.
The daughter-in-law is even more respectful to her parents-in-law. She must be dignified and courteous. She must fill her cigarettes for her parents-in-law three times a day, serve them three times a day standing up, and provide them with face and foot washing water in the morning and evening. The new daughter-in-law cannot eat on the kang for the first year. You are not allowed to wear short clothes in front of your parents-in-law, and you are not allowed to scold your children loudly. When the daughter-in-law goes out, she packs cigarettes for her parents-in-law before leaving, and asks Amma and E Niang to look after the house. When guests come, the daughter-in-law must put on an apron and listen to her mother-in-law's instructions on the kang. Every time she calls, the daughter-in-law must agree before going to work. Even if the daughter-in-law is very old, she should still serve her respectfully in front of the younger elders.
The Manchu people have a custom of paying homage to their sister-in-law. Unmarried Manchu girls have a very high status. Their parents-in-law sit on the top, their sister-in-law sits on the side, and their daughter-in-law stands by and waits carefully.
The Manchu people are hospitable and loyal. In areas where Manchus live, if someone picks something up on the road, they must try to find the owner. If they can't find it, they must claim it. There is a habit of being ashamed of stealing people's money. Neighbors get along with each other and help when they are in need. If a family is short of rice, everyone will help each other, and if one person collects firewood, everyone will burn it. This is a common thing for neighbors in the countryside. There is no need to sign a contract to borrow elixirs from each other, just make a verbal agreement and abide by the trustworthiness.
In the old days, there were few hotels in rural areas, so passers-by had to find accommodation in private houses. The host family entertained me warmly, and I naturally stayed overnight after having had enough wine and food. Since the Manchus usually live in one room with three Kangs, men and women do not avoid each other. However, it is polite for the guest to lie down with the hostess and her clothes on her back when sleeping.
The guests go on their way the next day and do not need to leave any reward. They only need to pay the host "......>>
There are many Manchu taboos in Manchu customs. No. It is allowed to blaspheme the gods and ancestors. For example, the Manchu people value the west, and the ancestral box is placed on the Western Kang. No one is allowed to live in the Western Kang, and any disrespectful behavior is not allowed. Dog killing, eating dog meat, and wearing dog skins are not allowed. Hats, and foreigners are not allowed to wear dog skin hats into their homes. Legend has it that Nurhaci once told his tribe that there are wild beasts in the mountains, and they can hunt them for food. However, in the future, they are not allowed to eat dog meat or wear dog skins. If a dog dies, it must be buried. Dogs understand human nature and can save lives. From then on, it has become a Manchu custom to love and respect dogs. In addition, the Manchu people not only do not eat the meat of crows, but also feed and sacrifice crows.
Customs and Habits of the Manchu *** Er Nationality *** Most of the houses of the Er ethnic group are courtyards. Generally, the doors should not open toward the west. The houses are square in shape and have deep front porches. The courtyards are mostly planted with flowers, grapes, and grapes. Fruit trees are kept very clean. There are earthen kangs in the room, tapestries on the walls, niches, and various floral patterns. In terms of food, they eat flour and rice as their staple food, and they like to drink milk tea with flour-baked food. Nang. There are many kinds of food, including rice porridge, ramen, soup noodles, thin-skinned buns, baked buns, tarts, barbecue, etc. They like to eat fruits such as melon, watermelon, apples, pears, apricots, and pomegranates. , mutton, chicken, duck, and fish; no pork, donkey meat, carnivores, and ferocious beasts; no blood of all animals
*** The traditional clothing of the Er people is, for both men and women. Men wear four-fold flower hats. Men generally like to wear double-breasted "tunics" (robes) with embroidered patterned blouses. Women like to wear dresses, black double-breasted vests, earrings, bracelets, rings, necklaces and other accessories. , girls usually wear pigtails, and now urban residents generally wear fashionable clothes.
*** The Er people are polite when meeting their elders or friends. They greeted all the guests at home warmly. *** The Er people are a people who are good at singing and dancing. Their dance is light and graceful, and is famous for its fast and changeable rotation, which reflects the optimistic and cheerful attitude of the *** Er people. Character. *** The Er people mainly engage in agriculture and animal husbandry, and have a business tradition. At the same time, the traditional handicraft industry is very developed, and they have a high level of art. They produce carpets, embroidery, silk clothing, copper pots, knives, ethnic Musical instruments, etc., have a unique national style.
Kazakhs Most of the Kazakhs are engaged in animal husbandry. In pastoral areas, people live in removable and portable round yurts in spring, summer and autumn, and in winter they live in flat-topped earth houses. The Kazakhs have a rich diet. They like to eat milk skins, butter, cheese, and milk pimples made from cow, sheep, and goat milk. They also like to drink mare milk, camel milk, yogurt, and milk tea. In pastoral areas, herdsmen eat more meat, eating fresh meat in summer, pre-smoked dried mutton in winter, and like to eat horse intestines. After the meat is cooked, cut it into slices and mix it with dough slices, onions, green onions, and pepper to make it the Kazakhs' favorite "Naren". In addition, the Kazakhs also eat foods such as "Jeniti", naan, "Bolshak", and pilaf mixed with horse oil, millet, and white sugar.
In pastoral areas, Kazakh men generally wear sheepskin, fox or wolf fur cloaks and camel hair lining coats in winter; trousers are mostly made of cowhide and are called "Sharibar". Women like to wear dresses in red and other colors. When the weather is cold, they wear double-breasted cotton coats. They also wear lambskin, fox fur, and wolf fur coats. Girls wear various embroidered clothes and use owl feathers as tassels on their flowered hats. Kazakh herdsmen in the Altay region wear white felt hats in summer, women wear white cloth shawls, and velvet headscarves in cold weather. Kazakhs in the Ili region wear round leather hats. Kazakh herdsmen all wear long leather boots. In winter, they wear long socks sewn with felt and leather boots. The Kazakh people are very hospitable. When entertaining guests, they must bring out the best food at home and slaughter sheep. During the meal, the host first presents a plate of meat with a sheep's head in front of the guest. After the guest picks up the sheep's head, he cuts off a piece of meat from the right cheek of the sheep's head and eats it himself, and then cuts off the sheep's ear and gives it to the host. The younger member of the family will then return the sheep's head to its owner.
Both men and women of Kazakh nationality are skilled in riding skills. Young men like wrestling and playing tricks on sheep. During festivals and celebrations, herdsmen hold various riding performances and competitions; "girl chasing" is the favorite entertainment project of young people.
*** *** Mainly engaged in agriculture and some business, he has close ties with the economy and culture of the Han people. He loves to grow flowers. There are blooming flowers in the courtyard and potted flowers in the house. He pays attention to cleanliness and hygiene. In terms of diet, meat is limited to cattle, sheep, camels, chickens, ducks, geese, and fish. It is forbidden to eat pig, donkey, mule, dog and other meat. Food has its own characteristics. Family meals generally include pulled strips, noodles, slices, steamed buns, scones, and sweet bean rolls. There are also unique dishes such as broth, mutton steamed buns, steamed meat, clear soup beef noodles, and jelly. Style food, *** likes to drink tea, mainly brick tea, black tea, green tea and Tuo tea. When entertaining guests, white sugar and red dates are usually added to the tea.
In terms of clothing, the *** scattered in cities and towns basically dress the same as the Han people. In *** residential areas, middle-aged and older men generally wear small hats, white shirts, and cyan and brown waistcoats. Young women like to wear simple and green black shirts and jackets. Married women generally have their heads tied up and wear white or cyan cloth hats or headscarves. Unmarried girls generally wear braids and no headscarves. Young and middle-aged women have the habit of wearing gold and silver jewelry such as earrings and rings.
Mongolian people The Mongolian people are mainly engaged in animal husbandry production, and some...>>