Parthenocissus tricuspidata, also known as Phyllostachys pubescens, maple leaf vine, small insect lying grass, red silk grass, kudzu vine, mountain tiger, red grape vine, Bashan tiger and grape plants. It blooms in summer with small yellow-green flowers and purple-black berries.
Parthenocissus usually climbs on walls and rocks. The rhizome of Parthenocissus tricuspidata can be used as medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and detoxify; Fruit can make wine, but its roots will secrete acidic substances to corrode limestone, and its roots will drill into it along the cracks in the wall, making the cracks too large and even the wall seriously break and collapse.
Morphological characteristics:
Vines: Parthenocissus tricuspidata is a large deciduous woody vine, which is similar in appearance to wild vines. Rattan stems can be as long as 18 meters (about 60 feet).
The epidermis has lenticels and the pith is white. The branches are stout, the old branches are grayish brown, and the young branches are purplish red. There are tendrils on the branches, which are short and multi-branched. There are sticky suckers at the top and tip of tendrils, which can be attached to objects, whether rocks, walls or trees.
Flowers: Parthenocissus tricuspidata blooms in summer, with small flowers, inconspicuous clusters, yellow-green or berry purple-black, opposite to leaves. Flowers are mostly hermaphroditic, and cymes are often planted on short branches between two leaves, which are 4 ~ 8 cm long and shorter than petioles; Spend 5 numbers; Calyx entire; Petal apex reflexed, ovary 2-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule.
The flowering period of Parthenocissus tricuspidata is June.
Leaves: Parthenocissus tricuspidata leaves alternate, with thick leaflets, wedge-shaped base, large variation, thick serrated edges and symmetrical veins. The leaves on the flower branches are ovate in width, 8 ~ 18 cm long and 6 ~ 16 cm wide, and often 3-lobed, or the leaves on the lower branches are divided into 3 leaflets with a heart-shaped base. The leaves are green and hairless, with white powder on the back and hairy veins on the back, which turn bright red in autumn. The leaves on the young branches are very small and often do not divide.
Fruit: Parthenocissus tricuspidata's berries are spherical and blue-black when mature, which is popular with white powder and birds.
The fruiting period of Parthenocissus tricuspidata is from September to 65438+ 10.
Ecological habits:
Parthenocissus tricuspidata has strong adaptability and likes humid environment, but it is not afraid of strong light, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant and has wide climate adaptability. It can also remain semi-evergreen or evergreen in winter south of the warm temperate zone. Resistant to pruning, afraid of water accumulation, lax in soil requirements, can thrive in wet or sunny places, but grows best in wet and fertile soil. Parthenocissus tricuspidata has strong resistance to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, and has adsorption capacity to dust in the air.
Parthenocissus tricuspidata is easy to walk, occupies less land, grows fast and has a large green coverage area. A cane with a rhizome of 2 cm thick has been planted for two years, and the green coverage rate of the wall can reach 30 ~ 50 square meters. Ornamental value:
Parthenocissus tricuspidata has lenticels on its epidermis and dense branches and leaves in summer. It often clings to walls or rocks and is suitable for planting on fences, fences, garden entrances and stone ridges at the bridge head. It can be used to green house walls and park rocks, which can not only beautify the environment, but also cool down, adjust the air and reduce noise.
Because the stems and leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata are thick and cover the walls of houses, it can not only block the strong sunlight, but also reduce the indoor temperature due to the air flow between the leaves and the walls. As a barrier, it can not only reduce noise in the environment, but also absorb flying dust. Parthenocissus tricuspidata's tendril sucker can also absorb the moisture in the wall, which helps to dry the wet house; In the dry season, the humidity can be increased.
Parthenocissus tricuspidata is the first choice for vertical greening. Vertical greening, also known as climbing greening, is a greening method that uses climbing plants to climb and grow on buildings or scaffolding. Parthenocissus tricuspidata is the most commonly used and ideal climbing plant, which climbs along the wall with the aid of suction cups. After planting for a long time, dense green leaves cover the exterior wall of the building, just like wearing green clothes. In spring, Parthenocissus tricuspidata grows luxuriantly; In summer, small yellow-green flowers bloom; In autumn, the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata turn orange; This makes the color of the building varied. Besides Parthenocissus tricuspidata, morning glory and wisteria can also be used for vertical greening.