(2) The root system of Amomum villosum is shallow, so it is required to keep the soil moist frequently, especially in the flowering and fruiting period. Dry weather and dry soil will lead to serious falling flowers and fruits. Therefore, infiltration irrigation or watering should be carried out during drought to keep the soil water content at about 24% ~ 26%.
(3) Cut off the old plants in February-March and September after fruit harvesting every year, cut off the withered old plants in Amomum villosum, reduce nutrient consumption, promote the growth of new meristems, make the ground ventilated and transparent, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
(4) Adjusting Shading Degree According to the requirements of different growth and development stages and different ecological environments of Amomum villosum, the shading degree is adjusted reasonably and timely. The specific method is: when the shade is not enough in spring, trees should be planted, and the shade trees should be trees with deep roots, wide crowns and perishable leaves, such as rice trees, beech trees and Ficus opposite leaves. Shading trees with large crown can maintain 1 plant every 5 meters, and young trees can maintain 1 plant every 2 meters. If the shade is too large, it can be solved by pruning, cutting off too dense branches and shading trees.
(5) Prevention and control of pests and diseases
(1) Young leaves of leaf spot disease at seedling stage come on first, then swell after waterlogging, turn yellow and dry, and are prone to disease in nurseries with poor ventilation and shade conditions. Prevention and control methods: Nursery should pay attention to ventilation, drainage and proper shade. Spraying 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution or 80% thiram anthrax 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution before and at the beginning of the disease. These drugs can be used interchangeably.
(2) Chlorotic spots first appeared on the leaves of anthracnose seedlings, and then they expanded and merged with each other, and the leaves drooped and sometimes perforated spots appeared. In the hot and rainy season, low-lying water and poorly managed nurseries are prone to diseases. The control method is the same as seedling leaf spot.
(3) Adult leaf spot disease harms leaves and leaf sheaths. At first, it was a small chlorosis spot, which developed into a yellow-brown waterlogging spot. Finally, it expands to a gray-white point in the middle and a big brown point on the edge. In severe cases, it will dry up the leaves or the whole plant and die. It happens all year round, with two peak periods in spring and autumn. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management. After harvesting fruits, clean the garden, remove dead leaves and diseased seedlings and burn them. At the beginning of the disease, 20% tricyclazole wettable powder was sprayed with 400 times solution or 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution.
If we can pay attention to the above problems and take various important measures, the output of Amomum villosum is expected to increase greatly.