Yao Zhe is one of the founders of Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base. 1938, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission appointed Li Jingquan as the commander, Yao Zhe as the chief of staff and Peng De as the director of the political department, and led the Eighth Route Army 120 Qingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Detachment of Normal University to advance into Daqingshan. 1940, Li Jingquan was transferred back to work in northwest Shanxi, and Yao Zhe took over as commander of the anti-Japanese guerrilla detachment in Daqingshan. He led the brave and tenacious officers and men of the anti-Japanese guerrilla detachment to fight hunger and cold, persisted in Daqingshan for seven years, skillfully dealt with the Japanese aggressors and Kuomintang reactionaries, established and consolidated the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrilla base area, smashed the enemy's crazy "encirclement and suppression" and "mopping up" again and again, and ensured the safety of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area where the CPC Central Committee is located. severe environment
Daqingshan is located in the central and eastern part of Suiyuan Province (now the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), starting from Huiteng Liangshan in the north of Jining in the east, Wulashan in the west of Baotou in the west and Tumochuan Plain in the south. The northern foot is a vast grassland, which extends to the border between China and Mongolia. This is a typical climate zone of the Great Wall Plateau. Due to the cold current invasion of Siberia and Outer Mongolia, the lowest temperature in winter is more than MINUS 30 degrees Celsius. In the cold winter, the barren hills and mountains drip into ice, and the snow is as thick as 1 meter, which can't be melted on the back of the sun for half a year. It is inconceivable to spend the winter without a fur coat in this climate.
War background
On July 29th, 1938 shook hands with teachers He Long, political commissar Guan Xiangying and other leaders. Li Jingquan, Yao Zhe and other 2,500 soldiers from Daqingshan detachment set out from Wuzhai County, Shanxi Province, and embarked on the journey of advancing to Daqingshan. On the way, they received instructions from the division headquarters of 120, ordering them to send the elite troops back to Pinglu County in the northwest of Shanxi Province to pick up the fur coats for the winter.
At that time, the enemy and puppet troops had completely figured out the direction of the troops' advance to Daqingshan, and were frantically launching a siege and interception of the troops. At this time, it is really a very difficult task to kill the carbine and pick up the fur coat. In order to transport the leather clothes to Daqingshan smoothly, Yao Zhe intends to go out in person. Together with Li Jingquan and other team leaders, he decided to divide the troops into two parts. The main force led by Li Jingquan continued to advance to the Suizhong area of Daqingshan, and he led the 1st battalion of the 7th15th regiment and the 3rd company of the 4th detachment back to Pinglu County in northwest Shanxi.
After the large army advanced in depth, Yao Zhe led a small group of commanders and soldiers around Manhan Mountain and the Great Wall several times to confuse the enemy. Unexpectedly, when my team marched to the big elm leek valley, the Japanese invaders stationed in Guisui "sniffed" the whereabouts of the Eighth Route Army and immediately mobilized hundreds of troops to pounce on my team in an attempt to encircle me with the 1 battalion and 1 company of the leek valley. In the face of the menacing enemy, Yao Zhe made a decisive decision and decided to stop moving forward, seize the favorable terrain and give the enemy a head-on blow.
Before the battle began, Yao Zhe came to the foot of Maanshan, the position of Sanlian Company. He crawled in the grass ahead and carefully observed the enemy with a telescope. Then he went into the fortifications, patted a student soldier on the shoulder and asked, "Children, have you ever fought?" Are you afraid of fighting? " "Not afraid!" Looking at the determined eyes of the chief of staff, these 17-and 18-year-old soldiers said categorically, "If Japanese soldiers dare to climb up, we will give him a good beating and tell them to go home with their heads blown off." "Treat the enemy is to have such a vicious, be brave, not afraid dead. But you can't do this foolishly! You must listen to the command and be flexible in order to win the battle. "
The battle has begun.
After the fighting started, the detachment commanders were brave and tenacious under the command of Yao Zhe and others. From morning to afternoon, they fought fiercely with the enemy for six or seven hours, repelling 10 attacks in succession, and finally forcing the enemy to leave more than 20 bodies and retreat to Suiyuan despondently.
Time is victory. After repelling the Japanese attack, Yao Zhe commanded the soldiers to rush to Pinglu overnight to get the fur coat. On the way, when they saw Sun Chaoqun, head of the Sixth Regiment of the 120 Division, and Zhang, political commissar, leading the troops to escort more than 65,438 fur coats carried by more than 1400 donkeys, the officers and men of the detachment were blindsided, and Yao Zhe was even more worried. These hundreds of donkeys are arranged in a row, and each donkey carries a dozen fur coats. The scene is really spectacular. But the goal is so big, how can we transport these things to Daqingshan intact through the enemy blockade? Yao Zhe walks around the donkey team with his hands behind his back. Suddenly, he stopped and called a battalion commander Fu Chuanzuo and a company commander Liang Jinxiu. The three of them whispered to each other for a while, and decided to let the officers and men of the detachment each wear a fur coat, and the rest were carried by donkeys.
This method is certainly good. The donkey team was reduced by two-thirds at once, but it was bitter for the soldiers. It was midsummer, and all the soldiers were wearing thin pants and sandals, but no one was sweating. Great, in addition to carrying the original weapons and ammunition, dry food and backpack, you have to wear several kilograms of leather clothes, not to mention how uncomfortable it is. Seeing the reluctance of the soldiers, Yao Zhe grabbed a leather coat and put it on. Driven by him, the soldiers never said a word again, and hundreds of leather clothes were all put on.
When the team carrying leather clothes came near Pingsui Railway, Yao Zhe learned from the captured "tongue" that the Japanese puppet troops had laid an ambush along the railway in an attempt to intercept the leather clothes of the troops. Before it was too late, Yao Zhe ordered Sun Chaoqun and Zhang to escort him, and led the Sixth Guard Regiment to attack Hongshaba Station, the lair of the Japanese Puppet Army, to rein in the enemy. At that time, the red sand dam station gunfire, flames. The enemy soldiers lying in ambush beside the railway didn't care about grabbing the leather clothes of the Eighth Route Army. They ran around and ran back to the station as if they were dead to protect their nest. Passing 18-wheeler, Yao Zhe led a group of people wearing fur coats and drove dozens of donkeys. In less than half an hour, they all crossed the Pingsui Railway, which was tightly blocked by the enemy near Sandaoying.
In the next day and night, Yao Zhe led a team to travel around the clock, driving 70 to 80 kilometers of mountain roads in one breath, and successfully arrived at the big beach in the hinterland of Daqingshan (now Chayouzhongqi) to meet the main force. Since then, a new situation has emerged in the anti-Japanese struggle in the Daqingshan area of Suiyuan. background
The enemy-occupied areas in Suiyuan are centered on Daqingshan Mountain, and besides Daqingshan Mountain and Manhan Mountain, there are Tumote Plain and Wusu Chabu Grassland, most of which are hilly areas.
The military forces of the Japanese puppet troops in Daqingshan area are mostly cavalry and mechanized troops, especially the puppet Mongolian army and bandits, all of which are cavalry armed. In many battles, the troops lost their dominant fighters because of the slow movement of infantry, which greatly restricted the development of the troops to plains and hilly areas.
Practice has proved that equipping Daqingshan infantry detachment as cavalry detachment is the best form of armed struggle to deal with the crazy Japanese and puppet troops and expand their achievements, and it is also the guarantee to carry out mass work, cooperate with the construction of local party organizations and consolidate guerrilla base areas. 1938165438+1October 22nd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out in the Decision on Work in Suimeng: "You can't fight in this area unless you have cavalry" and "You should make yourself have most cavalry quickly". Shortly thereafter, the Daqingshan detachment specifically asked the CPC Central Committee to establish a cavalry unit. Mao Zedong, 120 division commander He Long and Guan Xiangying quickly gave instructions to ask the Daqingshan detachment to quickly change from infantry to cavalry.
The agricultural, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas and animal husbandry areas at the northern foot of Daqing Mountain are rich in horses, and the Mongolian and Han farmers in the agricultural areas at the southern foot of Daqing Mountain are also good at raising horses and riding and shooting. It stands to reason that it should not be difficult for the people's anti-Japanese guerrilla detachment to rebuild the cavalry. However, due to the conscription of the Japanese puppet troops, the apportionment of the Kuomintang "self-defense forces" and the looting of bandits, there are not many horses in the people's homes. In order to solve the difficulties in Ma Yuan, Yao Zhe instructed the brigades not to increase the burden on farmers and herdsmen, but to actively crack down on Japanese puppet troops and bandits and seize horses from them.
rebuild
Zou Fengshan, the battalion commander of a battalion stationed in southern Suiyuan, immediately called a meeting of cadres above the class to study after receiving instructions from the detachment on rebuilding the cavalry company. Everyone expressed their firm support for the decision of the detachment headquarters and completed the task of changing from riding and shooting to riding and shooting through fighting. On a snowy night, Zou Fengshan led a battalion of three company commanders on foot for more than 40 kilometers, and suddenly attacked a bandit den near Taobuqi, a suburb of Qiuci. The bandit leader is Xiao Shunyi, a habitual bandit nicknamed "dried peas" (meaning peas are squeezed out of the skin). In this raid, the troops * * * captured 24 bandit leaders above the deputy platoon leader, more than 70 long and short guns and more than 65,438+000 war horses. Overnight, the southern Suiyuan team changed from infantry to cavalry.
In Suizhong area, although the 3rd Brigade, 4th Brigade and detachment headquarters captured a number of horses in the battle, they were far from meeting the needs. We need to go deep into the countryside to mobilize the patriotic Mongolian upper class and landlords to donate horses for the Eighth Route Army. The churches in Wuhe Township and Sanyuanjing Township of Wuchuan County are powerful, and the priests who control this area are all Belgian. The church is equipped with cavalry and has strict control over believers. Some big families have the intention of donating horses to fight against Japan, but they dare not do good because of the threat of church forces. After learning this situation, Yao Zhe led four political cadres, including Fan Chihua and Tian Enmin, to go to church in person to publicize the religious policies of the * * * production party and the Eighth Route Army to the priests. Under Yao Zhe's patient persuasion, the Belgian priest not only prevented Christians from supporting the Anti-Japanese War, but also donated the horses in the church to the Daqingshan detachment. Since then, Suizhong troops have successfully raised hundreds of military horses and a batch of military supplies.
In addition to solving the problems of horses and saddles, the formation of cavalry must also unify the commander's understanding of the necessity of forming cavalry, and must also train cavalry and master cavalry technology. Except for the newly added local soldiers, most officers and men of the Daqingshan detachment, including the fourth detachment, can't ride horses, don't know riding tactics, and can't raise and practice horses. Some soldiers think it is too much trouble to be cavalry. It is not as easy as infantry to get up in the middle of the night to replenish supplies and to drink and walk horses in the early morning. Some soldiers are afraid of the fierceness of war horses ... in short, there are both problems of learning to tame war horses and master cavalry techniques, and problems of solving ideological problems.
Although Yao Zhe rode horses in Jinggangshan revolutionary base area and on the way to the Long March, he didn't know much about cavalry, let alone raising and practicing horses. In order to set an example, Yao Zhe took the initiative to learn from Mongolian and Han people who are good at riding and shooting, and learned from them the domestication methods and riding skills. Driven by him, the vast number of officers and men doubled their confidence, improved their ideological understanding, overcame their fear of difficulties, and soon set off a climax of learning equestrian. In his study, Yao Zhe refined the experience accumulated by the Mongolian and Han people in raising and riding into catchy songs, such as: "Heel pedal, lean forward slightly, pinch your legs, stabilize your ass", "The grass is fat, the material is strong, and the water is bright", "The grass is short, the material is clean, and the water is clear", and so on. Under the guidance of the Mongolian and Han people, the commanders and fighters not only learned the method of taming war horses, but also mastered a whole set of riding skills after a period of hard training. In order to meet the needs of the war environment and constantly improve the combat capability of our guerrillas, Yao Zhe also put forward the slogan of "building while fighting, marching while practicing", and led the officers and men to gallop on the vast grassland at dawn or in the sunset, and immediately began training in aiming, chopping, riding and chasing. In this way, the anti-Japanese guerrilla detachment of Daqingshan soon became a powerful cavalry unit.
At the end of 1939, Yao Zhe reorganized four brigades in Suinan, Suizhong and Suixi into three cavalry battalions, plus four companies belonging to four detachments, under the jurisdiction of 13 company. On May 28th, 1940, the cavalry battalion of Daqingshan detachment was expanded into a regiment, and its strength reached more than 2,000 at the peak.
fruit
/kloc-in the spring of 0/940, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched the first anti-* * climax. Nearly 10,000 people of Suiyuan People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Force are under the control of the Kuomintang Central Committee and Suiyuan authorities, but they are actually in the Daqingshan area. On the one hand, they constantly create friction, obstruct and destroy the anti-Japanese struggle of our soldiers and civilians in Daqingshan; On the one hand, they colluded with the Japanese aggressors in secret and were ready to defect at any time. Mongolians and Han people angrily called them "the army that destroyed Mongolia and helped Japan to subjugate the country." In order to annihilate Japanese lackeys, Yao Zhe decided to follow the principle of "persisting in the war of resistance and opposing surrender; Adhere to unity and oppose separatism; Adhere to the principle of progress and oppose retrogression "and" I won't attack if people don't attack me "; If people attack me, I will attack ",resolutely fight back in self-defense and completely remove obstacles on the road to resistance against Japan. In the 1 month of this year's Spring Festival, our cavalry unit fought with the "Self-Defense Forces" for more than 10 times, and * * * captured more than 2,000 "Self-Defense Forces" and seized more than 65,438 long and short guns and 9 radio stations. After the "self-defense forces" suffered a heavy blow, all their remaining troops fled to the Hetao area.
1940 At the end of March, the Japanese invaders who marched westward into Hetao retreated to the Daqingshan area after being badly hit by Fu troops. Since April, we have carried out a series of "mopping up" the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in Daqingshan. Every time "mopping up", the Japanese invaders will implement an extremely brutal and cruel policy of burning, killing and looting all base areas. At the same time, many strongholds have been added in the guerrilla activity area of the army. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Northwest Shanxi Military and Political Committee, Yao Zhe led the Daqingshan cavalry detachment to launch a more flexible cavalry guerrilla war with the Japanese invaders in a larger area of Suiyuan. In the vast area from Jining in the east, Wuchuan in the west, Pingsui Railway in the south and Wulanhua and Turtai in the north, the company dispersed its activities. Sometimes the cavalry quickly attacked the weak enemy, sometimes quickly moved to avoid the enemy's main force, sometimes beat around the bush with the enemy in the mountains and hills, and sometimes diverted the enemy's attention, so that none of the five "sweeps" launched by the Japanese aggressors could be effective. After learning about Yao Zhe's bravery, some Japanese devils were too scared to move forward as soon as they heard that Yao Zhe was leading the cavalry.
The reconstruction and development of Daqingshan cavalry detachment in the artillery fire of anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare condensed the efforts of founders such as Li Jingquan and Yao Zhe, until 1942 June, when the cavalry detachment was abolished and the Saibei Army Division was established. In the three years and zero 10 months of fighting, in order to uphold and expand the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrilla base area, develop the anti-Japanese national United front and crush the Japanese puppet army once. The two years 194 1 and 1942 were the periods when the fascist forces in the world were extremely rampant and the people of China were extremely difficult in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In order to win the war of aggression, the Japanese invaders stepped up their plundering of the occupied areas of China and their attacks on the liberated areas, concentrated their forces on continuous "mopping up" and "nibbling away", and created a "no man's land" with the policy of burning, killing and looting, in an attempt to destroy the Eighth Route Army and our base areas. In order to weaken the anti-Japanese forces led by the * * production party, the Kuomintang reactionaries created a series of anti-* * friction incidents, and 194 1 broke out the "Southern Anhui Incident", which started the second anti-* * climax of the Kuomintang die-hards. Under the attack and intransigence of Japanese and puppet troops, the situation of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is deteriorating day by day.
The extremely difficult anti-Japanese war situation is particularly prominent in the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrilla base area, which has become one of the most difficult areas in the national anti-Japanese base area. The Japanese invaders attached great importance to the strategic position of "Mengjiang" and designated the northern part of "Mengjiang" as a defense zone, and Daqingshan was in this area. Since the spring of 194 1, in order to achieve the goals of "controlling China with China" and "maintaining war with war", the Japanese invaders carried out extremely brutal "strengthening public security movement" and "administrative leap forward movement" in Daqingshan area. First of all, the "mopping-up" in Daqingshan base area is more frequent and larger, with more than 65,438+10,000 troops deployed each time, reaching four or five thousand for a long time. "Sweeping" takes at least 1 week and at most one or two months. In the "mopping-up", we adopted such means as "converging attack", "iron wall", "combing" and "shuttling", combining hiking, horseback riding and vehicles, and sometimes equipped with airplanes. Secondly, the Japanese invaders also carried out a so-called "all-round war" against the Daqingshan base area in military, political, economic and cultural aspects. The most vicious thing is the "cage" policy of blocking and surrounding our base areas. The Japanese invaders built dozens of roads and more than 100 strongholds around Daqingshan and Manchu-Han banquet, and built a large number of bunkers, stationed in important villages along the main roads.
In the face of the crazy "sweeping" and disastrous "three light" policies of the Japanese invaders, Yao Zhe led the vast number of officers and men of the Daqingshan cavalry detachment to wage a resolute struggle with the enemy and smashed countless "sweeping" and "encirclement and suppression" by the Japanese puppet troops. Suizhong area is an area where the activities of the leading organs of the party, government and army in the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrilla base area are concentrated. 194 1 year, the Japanese aggressors "mopped up" Suizhong five times. Among them, the most cruel is three times. Every time the Japanese invaders attacked crazily, Yao Zhe decisively led the troops to retreat to the periphery skillfully, so that his plot never succeeded.
When the guerrilla war in Daqingshan entered a difficult period and the Japanese aggressors stepped up the deployment of large-scale "mopping-up", the CPC Central Committee and 120 division commander He Long paid great attention to the situation here and increased the troops for the Daqingshan cavalry detachment. 194 1 autumn, Yao Zhe was ordered to report to Yan 'an and Northwest Shanxi, and Zhu De and He Long gave instructions face to face: We should make a long-term plan for the struggle in Daqingshan, do a good job in military concealment, paralyze the enemy, preserve revolutionary forces, and resolutely achieve the goal of adhering to this strategic position. According to the harsh environment in Daqingshan and the practical difficulties of many cadres' sacrifice, the CPC Central Committee transferred more than 200 cadres from Yan 'an at one time and followed Yao Zhe to Daqingshan, so that the cadres in Daqingshan base area were replenished in time.
According to the general situation that the enemy is strong and we are weak, Yao Zhe clearly put forward: "Save yourself and destroy the enemy, fight when it is favorable, and leave when it is unfavorable." He commanded his troops to make full use of their familiar terrain and mountains to facilitate guerrilla activities, and constantly changed their tactics: when the enemy was "mopping up" in different areas and stages, he commanded my main force to move to areas that were not "mopping up" and let the enemy "mop up" the air; When the enemy attacked at the same time and carried out a comprehensive "mopping-up", he led the team to quickly take advantage of loopholes, jump from the inside out, and concentrate superior forces to attack and annihilate one or more of his troops; When "mopping up" the enemy's troops is too large to find the opportunity to destroy the enemy, we will divide the troops into several parts, break through in different ways, enter the open areas where the enemy's troops can't reach, hide near the enemy's strongholds, or attack the enemy's weak strongholds with cameras. In terms of specific tactics, Yao Zhe ordered all combat units to flexibly use various tactics between concentration and dispersion, separation and converging attack, attack and defense, assault and restraint, encirclement and circuitous, advance and retreat, accurately select the favorable opportunity and weak point of the enemy, and adopt ambush, midnight oil, long-distance attack and other methods to make a quick decision.
Due to the frequent "mopping-up" and attacks by the Japanese aggressors, the whole Daqingshan base area has always been in a state of fierce fighting. Basically, there are wars every day, sometimes several times a day. In order to prevent the enemy from suddenly attacking, the army commanders often go up the mountain to hide during the day, go down the mountain to eat and camp at night, and then go up the mountain before dawn. For several months in a row, the gun stayed with people, the horse didn't unload its saddle, it was naked, the gun didn't leave its body, and it started as soon as something happened. Even when cleaning the gun, put the parts on a piece of cloth. If there is any enemy, wrap them up and leave, and then put them back after going up the mountain. Due to the enemy's economic blockade, the troops' food supply is often cut off, and sometimes they can't eat for several days, so they have to rely on wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. In the cold winter, due to the lack of clothes, many comrades still wear light clothes, and their shoes are so rotten that they can't wear them, so they tie cowhide and broken felt pieces to their feet and walk. When the troops marched to the station, the soldiers' shoes and socks were often frozen together and could not be taken off. It is common that their ears, noses, hands and feet are frostbitten. In these two difficult years, Yao Zhe led the main force of Suizhong cavalry detachment to Suixi first, and then moved to Suinan. When the Japanese aggressors mobilized heavy troops to "encircle the south of Suiyuan", "blitzkrieg" and "mopping up", he led his troops to the west of Suiyuan.
1942 65438+ 10 15, more than 6,000 Japanese puppet troops suddenly surrounded the mountain pass in the west of Suixi, and then carried out a large-scale "sweeping". A few days ago, Suixi troops and party and government workers were surrounded by the enemy in Deshenggou, Jingergou, Wanjiagou and Dabaigou. The situation is very urgent. In order to rescue the besieged troops, Yao Zhe was calm and brave. He led the troops to kill the enemy six times, and then ordered the heads of various departments to act and disperse the preparations. In order to contain the enemy, Yao Zhe led the teaching brigade to ambush in the west of Deshenggou after the troops were transferred. When more than 200 Japanese invaders entered the trench all the way, Yao Zhe gave an order: "Fire!" I taught the commander of the brigade to shoot at the enemy suddenly with fierce firepower, and dozens of Japanese invaders fell to the ground, leaving pieces of invaders' blood in the frozen river ditch. The soldiers in the coaching staff acted quickly when the enemy was in chaos. In order to reduce the target, the teaching brigade was divided into small teams. Yao Zhe moved to Suizhong with only one class. The "grooming" of the Japanese invaders lasted 1 month and ended on 1 1.04. Under the heroic and tenacious resistance of our army commanders and soldiers, the Japanese aggressors repeated the mistakes of "surrounded by iron walls" in Suizhong and the failure of encirclement and suppression in Suinan, and finally ended in the complete collapse of the plan. During the period when the main cavalry of our country was engaged in a life-and-death struggle with the Japanese aggressors, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China * * * Jinsui Branch decided to merge Suiyuan (Daqingshan) with Yanbei (the Fifth Army Division in Northwest Shanxi) on June 24, 65438, with Yao Zhe as the commander and the secretary of the Working Committee of Saibei District as the commander. At the same time, the designation of Daqingshan cavalry detachment was cancelled, and the designation of the first, second and third regiments of the original cavalry remained unchanged. The former Fifth Army Division of Northwest Shanxi was incorporated into Yanbei detachment of Saibei Army Division. In this way, the burden on Yao Zhe's shoulders became heavier, but the anti-Japanese work in enemy-occupied areas in Suiyuan and Yanbei was further unified and strengthened, and the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in Daqingshan was more closely linked with the rear.
In June 165438+ 10, the Jinsui Branch issued an instruction letter to the Saibei District Working Committee and the Saibei Military Division, pointing out: "We must clearly understand the serious difficult situation caused by the Japanese invaders' mopping up and make preparations for persisting in the work and layout in the worst case; It is necessary to go deep into mass work, implement a correct fiscal policy, and strive for all possible puppet troops; Conscientiously implement the policy of streamlining the army, streamlining the army and retaining the backbone, adopt a small company system in the army, and organize secret small armed forces that are not full-time. "Yao Zhe, following the instructions of his superiors, reorganized the Third Cavalry Regiment into an Infantry Regiment while commanding troops to fight against' clean-up', keeping only one cavalry company, making the main force more localized and popular, and further adapting to more frequent and complicated guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines.
After Yao Zhe moved to Halaqin and other places in Suizhong, on the one hand, he learned about the situation in Suizhong after the main force retreated, on the other hand, he encouraged the cadres and masses who persisted in the struggle in Suizhong to recognize the situation clearly and establish confidence in defeating the Japanese aggressors. A few days later, Yao Zhe and the cavalry and guerrillas transferred to Suizhong met in Huanghuapu area. Due to the increase of enemy strongholds in Suizhong, the troops are not easy to move, and the western hills of Suixi are deep and easy to hide. Therefore, after the enemy's "sweeping", Yao Zhe immediately led the organs, troops and guerrillas back to Suixi. At this time, Suixi, Deshenggou and other stations have been occupied by the enemy, houses have been burned and caves have been blown down. Yao Zhe ordered Cai Jiu, the head of the third cavalry regiment, to lead troops into the northwest of Wuchuan County and Pingchuan in Guyang area to seize the opportunity to attack small enemies. Yao Zhe led the teaching brigade and some party and government cadres *** 150 people, changed from cavalry to infantry, released their horses in the homes of ordinary people, braved the snow and moved to Shihuzi Mountain, the highest peak of the desolate Daqing Mountain.
Shihuzi Mountain is surrounded by peaks and bushes, and there are no people around for more than ten or twenty kilometers. The enemy dare not set up a stronghold on the mountain. Before June 5438+065438+ 10, heavy snow had started to fall in Zi Shan, Shihu, and it was dripping into ice. The troops had nowhere to camp, and the officers and men braved the cold of MINUS 20 or 30 degrees Celsius to collect firewood and boil the frozen soil. They dug a pit less than 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and half a meter deep on the mountain, and then put up a thatched cottage on it to shelter from the wind. The wind is strong on the mountain, so the shack can't be built too high or too big. Most people have to wear a cat around their waist when they go in and out, and they can bump into the roof when they look up. Because the weather is extremely cold, it is necessary to make a fire in the shack to drive away the cold, and the commanders and fighters are all smoked black.
People in the west of Suixi are starving, ordinary people in Pingchuan can't buy 2 Jin of sorghum noodles in the sunshine, and people in mountainous areas live on gray rapeseed. The army's food is extremely difficult. Although people sometimes risk their lives to send some food, they still can't meet their needs. At the beginning, everyone could eat three or four grains of millet or drink some naked oats paste every day. Later, there was no food, so everyone had to dig around in the snow to find wild rapeseed. There was no stone mill and wild rapeseed was not rotten, so they crushed it with two stone slabs. Even so, because wild rapeseed is hard to find, they can only put an extra handful of snow and cook wild rapeseed into porridge.
In this extremely hard day, Yao Zhe and others built shacks, drank wild rapeseed porridge and collected firewood through knee-deep snow to make a fire. He talked and laughed and told the soldiers the story of the Red Army's hard struggle, encouraging everyone to cheer up and overcome difficulties. He often said: "The Japanese devils must never occupy an inch of the motherland. As long as there is a soldier in Daqingshan, it will prove that Daqingshan is still ours! " When the soldiers saw that the commander insisted on fighting with everyone on the mountain and was so optimistic and confident, they were all encouraged and strengthened their confidence in winning. It is with this strong will and perseverance that my hero's soldiers and civilians in Daqingshan not only defeated the enemy's "sweeping" and comprehensive blockade, but also withstood the severe test of cold, hunger and various difficulties.
1in March, 943, the jinsui military region decided to transfer Yao zhe and his teaching brigade back to northwest Shanxi for training and consolidation. On March 13, Yao Zhe set out from Suixi and arrived in Pianguan on the 22nd.
1945 02 17 in order to strengthen the leadership of Suiyuan work, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to set up Suimeng District Committee, with Yao Zhe, Gao, Zhang, Ulanhu, etc. 10 as members. On April 23rd, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was successfully opened in Yan 'an, and Yao Zhe attended the meeting. Shortly after the meeting, Mao Zedong and Zhu De decided to deploy the cavalry brigade in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to reinforce the Daqingshan base area, under the command of Yao Zhe. Before the meeting was over, Yao Zhe was ordered to lead the 9 th and 27 th Infantry Brigade of Jinsui Military Region and return to Daqingshan. In July, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission decided to change the Saibei Military Region into the Suimeng Military Region and appointed Yao Zhe as the commander. Yao Zhe commanded the cavalry troops in Suimeng area, cooperated with the troops in Jinsui and Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, and launched an all-round counterattack against the Japanese aggressors, winning a great victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Suimeng area.