Method for cultivating snakehead
1. The fish pond should be ventilated to the sun, with sufficient water resources, with an area of 1 ~ 5 mu and a water depth of 1 ~ 1.5 m. Some water hyacinths or peanuts should be planted around it, and the lower places should be surrounded by nets, which can not only prevent snakehead from escaping, but also provide shade and create a good ecology.
2. After the pond is cleaned and disinfected, drain the pond water first, and add water140 ~150kg of quicklime every 667m2. The whole pond will be splashed evenly, and the mud will be turned over with tools such as rakes for full disinfection. One week before stocking mullet, the pond water was injected into the depth of 1 m, and appropriate base fertilizer was applied to improve the water quality.
There are two kinds of fish, one is wild and the other is farmed. However, no matter which variety it is, it must be screened before entering the pond. Varieties with basically the same specifications should be bathed in 3% ~ 5% salt water for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and then put into the same fish pond. Stocking density depends on water source, water injection and drainage conditions, source of bait fish, etc. Under normal circumstances, 6000 ~ 10000 fish 3 ~ 5 cm long are stocked in 667 square meters; 10 ~ 15 cm long fish, 4000 ~ 6000; Stocking about 2000 species of fish about 20 cm. If the water source, water injection and drainage conditions are good and the source of bait fish is sufficient, the stocking density can be appropriately increased.
4. Feeding snakehead with low-value fresh fish and shrimp as the main bait for artificial intensive feeding. Because wild or some artificially cultured fish eat live bait, they should stop feeding for a day or two after entering the pond, then feed a proper amount of dead bait around the pond every morning for domestication, and then gradually move to a pond for feeding. After the fish are used to eating dead bait, they are fed 1 time at 9 am and 4 pm every day, and the daily feeding amount is 5% ~ 10% of the fish weight, which can be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature, growth and feeding situation.
The feed is powder feed produced by regular units, with crude protein content of 45% and crude fiber content of 3%. The main raw materials of the feed are fish meal, bone meal, soybean meal, flour, vitamin and mineral premix, etc. Supplemented by fresh bait such as clam meat and small fish.
5. The daily management of snakehead is not easy to get sick in natural water or under the condition of sparse culture. However, in the case of artificial intensive culture, if it is not properly controlled, fish diseases will break out, causing serious economic losses. According to the author's practice for several years, the common diseases of mullet are water mold, skin rot, ascites, gill rot and so on. If proper control measures are taken, fish seldom get sick or not. Therefore, in the process of mullet culture, it is necessary to regularly check the water quality and fish situation, salvage residual bait and prevent escape. , and handle the abnormal situation in time.
6. Catch the big fish and leave the small ones, and go on the market in time. Because mullet is a fierce carnivorous fish, it will kill each other when the bait is insufficient, so every 1 month or so, it is necessary to catch the big fish and leave the small ones 1 time. If the specifications differ greatly and the quantity is large, they can be raised separately in other fish ponds or cages with the same specifications. When the market price is good, adult fish that meet the commodity specifications can be put on the market for sale. This can not only sell a good price, but also be beneficial to the growth of small-sized fish.
Nutritional value of snakehead
It's delicious and nutritious. Eating snakehead also has anti-inflammatory effect on wounds.
Cooking methods mainly include: shredded mullet cake, black fish roll with jade belt, black fish in soup, black fish in soy sauce, black fish in vinegar and pepper, black fish in corn soup, black fish in red fermented grains, black fish in sauerkraut, black fish in dry roasting, steamed black fish in braise, black fish in garlic stew and so on.
Every100g of snakehead contains protein19.8g, fat10.4g, heat 384.6kJ, calcium 57mg, phosphorus163mg, iron 0.5mg, thiamine 0.03mg, riboflavin 0.25mg and nicotinic acid 2. The caudal muscle contains 18 kinds of free amino acids, such as citrulline, proline and serine. , is a good food and medicine.
In general, pickled fish in restaurants rarely use snakehead, and most of them are made of grass carp (bastard), which is cheaper than snakehead. It is not easy to buy wild snakehead in the market. Domestic snakehead has slow reaction and lower nutritional value than wild snakehead. Look at the mental state and texture of snakehead when you buy it to see if it is wild.
The snakehead contains protein, fat, 18 amino acids and so on. It also contains essential calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins.
Suitable for people with physical weakness, hypoproteinemia, spleen and stomach weakness, malnutrition, anemia, etc. Guangxi people often regard snakehead as a precious tonic, which is used to promote lactation and replenish blood.
The snakehead has the effects of expelling wind, curing malnutrition, invigorating spleen and qi, and inducing diuresis to reduce swelling. Therefore, lying-in women, rheumatic patients and malnourished children in the three northern regions often seek snakehead as an auxiliary diet therapy.
The vitality index of snakehead is 0, but the disease prevention index is 6.4 1.
note:
The general population can eat it, but those with sores can't eat it, which makes people white.
Some people are allergic to snakehead, and the symptoms after eating are generally diarrhea, vomiting, rash, backache and other symptoms. There is no discomfort when you just eat it, and it often appears 5-6 hours after eating. Therefore, children, the elderly and other people with poor resistance should pay attention.
If allergic symptoms appear, you can take antiallergic drugs to relieve them, usually within 24 hours; If the symptoms are serious, please go to the hospital and follow the doctor's advice.
The growing environment of snakehead
Benthic fish usually inhabit still water or micro-flowing water full of aquatic plants and soft sediments. The habitat of snakehead is distributed in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds and other waters. Often dive to the bottom and swing the pectoral fin to maintain balance.
It has strong adaptability to the changes of environmental factors in water, especially to hypoxia, poor water temperature and water quality. When the water is short of oxygen, it can stick its head out of the water. The back side is flat. The head is long, slightly flat at the front and slightly higher at the back. With the help of the suprabranchial device consisting of the upper branchial bone on the back of the first branchial arch and the bone fragments extending from the glossopharyngeal bone, oxygen in the air can be directly breathed. So it can survive for a long time even in humid areas with little water and no water. The survival water temperature of mullet is 0 ~ 4 1℃, and the optimum water temperature is 16 ~ 30℃. When the water temperature reaches above 8℃ in spring, it often moves in the upper and middle layers of water. Active in the upper water body in summer; When the water temperature drops below 6℃ in autumn, it swims slowly and often lurks in the depths of water; When the water temperature approaches 0℃ in winter, it will stay in the mud and stop eating. It has a strong jumping ability. When the weather is hot and rainy, snakehead often jumps out of the water and runs along the pond bank. When there is water impact, it will also arouse the fish to jump and escape. If the bait in the pond where it lives is insufficient, it will also move to other ponds, and its body will move forward slowly like a snake when moving. When the temperature range is 10℃ to 15℃, it can be out of water for 3 to 4 days.
Raising snakehead for profit
When it comes to Renzhao Town, the first thing people think of is planting spicy food. However, Lijiatuan Village, Ren Zhao Town, because it is close to Dagu River, and the bait transportation is convenient, started fishing. It is understood that the snakehead in Lijiatuan Village is very popular with buyers because it is fed with natural bait. More than two and a half kilograms of snakehead are sold to South Korea and Japan. Snakehead farming not only made the villagers rich, but also led the villagers in the surrounding villages to embark on the road of getting rich through fishery farming.
Breeding snakehead with local materials
Recently, the reporter came to Lijiatuan village in the town and followed Li, secretary of the village branch, to the fish pond he built for fishery breeding. The reporter saw that the surface of the fish pond was covered with green algae and occasionally one or two big fish jumped out. ? Fish are afraid of heat and don't like to float to the surface at noon. In fact, there are 7500 fish in this pool. ? Li pointed to the fish pond and told reporters. This is one of the two fish ponds that I invested 30,000 to 40,000 yuan with my partner Li Xiande when I started to raise fish in the first year. They are all snakeheads. ?
It is understood that in 2006, Li Xiande saw that people often fished small fish from Dagu River, and all the fish caught were transported to other places. ? I was curious about the location and use of fish. After asking about it, I know that the small fish that were shipped before were all fed to snakehead by fishery farmers as green bait. ? Li Xiande said,? Since some people come from other places to salvage fish food, as locals, we should make good use of this natural resource. After understanding the market of snakehead and the local water quality, we dug two ponds on our own land, each with an area of about two and a half acres. ?
? Earned more than 20 thousand in the first year, which was not a small sum at that time. After tasting the sweetness, we continued to raise it until now. ? Say, Lee? Later, other villagers saw that we raised fish to make money, and also built fish ponds for farming, and even villagers from neighboring villages participated. ?
The net income per pool is 50,000-60,000 yuan.
? It is easy to raise fish once a day, but snakehead is a fierce carnivore and is greedy. It needs to feed about 300 Jin of fish food at a time. At present, there are not many small fish on the Dagu River, so we mainly buy marine fish from Weihai, with fish food per catty 1.2 yuan. ? Li told reporters that although the input cost of fish farming is high, the income is also high. Once a year, snakeheads are sold to purchasers at a price of 15 yuan, with an average of about two kilograms per fish. Now the net income of each fish pond can reach 50,000 to 60,000 yuan, and every farmer has two or three fish ponds at home. ?
According to reports, fishermen generally go public when snakehead weighs two pounds. Among them, less than two kilograms are mainly sold to Beijing, Wuhan and other places, and two and a half kilograms are exported to South Korea and Japan. ? Because snakehead is deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad, it is in short supply at present. ? In 2009, Li expanded the scale and contracted two larger pools three or four kilometers away from the village. Four or five acres of land in each fish pond can hold 15000 fish, and the income is twice as much as the original. ?
? Engaged in fishery farming for many years, it has also opened up its popularity. Weifang Xiashan Reservoir often has technicians to provide technical guidance for fishery farmers, and the input cost of villagers has been reduced a lot because of the gradual scientific management methods. ? Li told reporters that in the past, the fry in the fish pond had to be bought from other places, but now they are all raised by themselves, saving a lot of costs. ?