Category: Medical health gt; gt; Obstetrics and Gynecology
Problem description:
Everyone knows that you should not take medicine randomly when you are pregnant. Do people get angry easily? How to treat
Analysis:
If you get angry and blindly use our usual cooling foods (such as herbal tea, lotus seeds, mung beans, etc.) to get rid of the irritation, for women, especially pregnant women and Not all lactating mothers are suitable for this. The reasons are:
1. The "fire" of "heat" is divided into excess heat and deficient fire. Before taking supplements, you must find out which one you are suffering from. Generally speaking, men tend to have more excess fire, while women tend to have more deficient fire. And we also need to figure out what kind of fire the fire is - for example, is it lung heat, stomach heat, or heart fire? , Only in this way can we provide symptomatic diet therapy
2. Although women often have deficient fire (you can use foods that nourish yin to remove deficient fire, but you must not use foods or medicines that can remove excess heat), but there are also times when there is excess heat. Therefore, when women have When there is excess heat, special attention should be paid to: Foods or medicines with strong cooling properties (such as herbal tea, lotus seed hearts) that can remove excess heat are more likely to damage yin energy. When using these foods for dietary therapy, you must pay attention to eating other foods to nourish yin. , Only in this way can the real effect of dietary therapy be achieved. Therefore, when women have excessive heat, it is best to use foods that are not easy to damage Yin Qi, such as mung bean water and chrysanthemum tea for dietary therapy.
3. Pregnant women have excessive blood due to , Generally, the internal heat is due to excess heat. Remember not to use cold food as a diet therapy. Drink more cold vegetable soup, mung bean water is good.
4. Breastfeeding mothers are prone to deficient heat. Generally, Due to blood deficiency and qi deficiency, it is easy for yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity. Food or medicine that can remove excess heat cannot be used for deficient fire, otherwise the body will be even weaker. At this time, it is even more necessary to understand your physical condition (such as liver and kidney yin deficiency, blood deficiency or Qi deficiency, etc.), symptomatic food supplements are effective.
Pregnancy process and precautions (one month pregnant)
The calculation of the pregnancy period is from the first day of the last menstrual period to the full number Days are calculated based on how many weeks of gestation you have reached. The menstrual cycle lasts 28 days. Usually, you will not get pregnant in the first 14 days, so fertilization is not possible until about 14 days after the last menstrual period. Therefore, the gestation period, which is calculated after the pregnant woman knows she is pregnant, only accounts for the initial pregnancy in the first month of pregnancy. 2 weeks.
1. Growth of the fetus
About 7-10 days after fertilization, the fertilized egg implants in the endometrium, absorbs nutrients from the mother, and begins to develop. In the first 8 weeks, it should be called an embryo, not a fetus.
The size of the embryo is about 0.5-1.0 cm long in the late third week of pregnancy, and its weight is less than 1 gram, but its shape can already be seen with the naked eye. In appearance, the embryo cannot clearly distinguish between the head and the body, and has gill arches and a tail, which is no different from the embryonic development of other animals.
At this time, the original placenta begins to take shape, and the fetal membranes (also called chorion) are also formed at this time.
2. Changes in the maternal body
In fact, it cannot be called pregnancy within a week after the fertilized egg is formed. Pregnant women begin to show signs of pregnancy, usually after two weeks, so there are no symptoms at this time.
However, some people may experience symptoms of chills, fever, laziness, sleepiness, and difficulty sleeping. Because they are not aware that they are pregnant, they often mistakenly think they have a cold.
At this time, the size of the uterus is the same as before pregnancy and has not yet increased.
3. Matters that should be paid attention to in life
Women who are pregnant for the first time will undergo a series of physical and psychological changes. Because it is the first time, the pregnant women themselves are often not aware of the changes. If you are not aware of it, have no original plan to have a child, or do not understand the body's reaction at all, so you accidentally take drugs or neglect the details of your life, it may have adverse effects on the fetus and mother.
In terms of physical reactions, you may experience cold-like symptoms in the early stages of pregnancy. If you buy over-the-counter medicines and take them randomly, not only will you not be able to achieve the therapeutic effect, you may even give birth to a deformed baby! Therefore, do not take any over-the-counter medicines under any circumstances. The safest way is to see a doctor to find out the cause of the disease.
When you feel unwell, do not force yourself to do strenuous exercise or travel far away at this time to avoid accidental miscarriage. In addition, do not take X-rays unless necessary. You should check your physical condition first to make sure Pregnancy or not.
These details in life may not seem to matter if you are in good health and working normally. However, if you are pregnant, it is likely to be a fatal injury. In order to avoid regrets, you must Proceed with caution.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
Although there is nothing special that you should prepare for at this time, but you will have morning sickness when you are about one month pregnant, so you should be more prepared. Some foods that can alleviate morning sickness, such as pickled plums, fruits, etc.
Pregnancy process and precautions (two months of pregnancy)
1. Fetal growth
At 7 weeks of pregnancy, the length of the embryo is about 2.5 cm , weighing about 4 grams, the heart, stomach, intestines, liver and other internal organs and brain have begun to differentiate, and organs such as hands, feet, eyes, mouth, and ears have formed. It can be said that the body is getting closer and closer to the human body, but it is still Small body and big head.
The chorion is more developed, the placenta is formed, the umbilical cord appears, and the connection between mother and fetus is very close.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The basal body temperature shows a high temperature state, which will last until 14-19 days.
The body is lazy and hot, the lower abdomen and waist are slightly protruding, the vagina is swollen, the vagina is sometimes painful, the color becomes darker, the frequency of urination increases, the mood is irritable, the stomach feels nauseated, and When morning sickness occurs, some people may even experience symptoms such as dizziness, nose bleeding, and rapid heartbeat. These are unique phenomena in the early stages, so don’t worry too much.
At this time, the uterus is like a goose egg, a little larger than before pregnancy, but the surface of the pregnant woman's abdomen has not yet increased.
3. Things to note
Pregnant women are very prone to miscarriage during this period. Special attention must be paid to carrying heavy objects or strenuous exercise, and doing housework and going out as often as possible. reduce. Don't overwork, get more rest, get enough sleep, and control your sex life. Do not take a shower when you feel particularly tired, but go to bed as early as possible. If leucorrhea increases during pregnancy, after urinating, use absorbent cotton soaked in warm water or boric acid water to scrub the external genitalia from front to back to keep it clean. And pay attention to keeping the stool smooth. If bleeding occurs along with lower abdominal distension and pain, waist weakness or soreness and pain, you should go to the hospital immediately.
This period is an important period for the fetus to form its brain and internal organs. Do not accept X-ray examinations, do not take medicine easily, and especially avoid colds.
Smoking and alcohol will have adverse effects on the fetus. It is not advisable to try either. If you have pets such as cats, dogs or birds at home, you should try to avoid contact with them to avoid being infected with hemoprotozoa. It is best to give these pets away or temporarily board them with friends.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
The obstetrics and gynecology hospital and doctor you seek medical treatment are related to future regular examinations and admission to the hospital for delivery, so you should choose carefully.
Pregnancy process and precautions (three months of pregnancy)
1. Fetal growth
At this point, when this period ends, the embryo can be officially called "Fetus". The length of the fetus is about 7.5-9 cm and the weight is about 20 grams.
The tail has completely disappeared, the shapes of the eyes, nose, mouth, ears and other organs are clearly distinguishable, and the hands, feet, and fingers are also clearly visible, almost exactly the same as ordinary people.
The internal organs are more developed, the kidneys and external organs have grown, and they have begun to create the urethra and perform excretion, and the surrounding fetus will be filled with amniotic fluid.
2. Changes in the mother's body
This month is the most serious period for morning sickness. In addition to nausea, the stomach is not in good condition. At the same time, there will be symptoms such as stuffiness in the chest.
The abdomen is still not too big, but because the uterus is as big as a fist, it will directly compress the bladder, causing frequent urination. The waist will also feel pain, and the legs and feet will be swollen. In addition, secretions will increase. Prone to constipation, diarrhea, etc. However, starting from the middle of the third trimester, the pregnancy reaction was greatly alleviated, the appetite increased, and the lost weight began to increase. At the same time, most people with retroverted uteruses begin to transition to anteverted uteruses.
The vagina is more swollen, and the areola and vagina are darker.
3. Matters that should be paid attention to in daily life
It is the same as in the second month of pregnancy. Miscarriage is also easy to occur at this time, so you must pay special attention to the details of life.
If you have the habit of doing exercise, you can still do it, but it must be easy and effortless, such as calisthenics or walking to stretch your muscles. Avoid strenuous exercise, and it is not suitable to carry heavy objects or long distances. When traveling, you can ask your husband to share the housework with your husband. Don’t force it. Go up and down the stairs smoothly. You should especially pay attention to the abdomen not to be oppressed at all times.
Working women should maintain a happy working mood to avoid excessive psychological burden and pressure that may affect the development of the fetus. If you can get the understanding of your colleagues and supervisor at this time, it shouldn't be a problem to continue working.
At this stage, it is best for couples not to have sex, at least they need to exercise moderation and avoid pressing the vagina on the abdomen. The shorter the time, the better.
In addition, in order to prevent constipation, it is best to develop the habit of going to the toilet regularly every day. You can drink cold milk or cold water after getting up in the morning. The lower abdomen should not be exposed to cold, keep warm at all times, do not stay up late, and maintain a regular life. If the secretion increases, it is easy to breed bacteria. You should bathe every day to keep the body clean.
If you have lower abdominal pain or slight bleeding, it may be a sign of miscarriage, and you should go to the hospital immediately.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
You should receive an initial prenatal check-up at least before this period, and then have regular check-ups every 3-4 weeks.
Pregnancy process and precautions (four months pregnant)
1. Fetal growth
At the end of 15 weeks, the length of the fetus is about 16 cm , weighing about 120 grams.
At this time, the appearance of a human is fully formed. Men and women can be identified by the difference in body size. The skin begins to grow lanugo hair, the bones and muscles become increasingly developed, the hands and feet can move slightly, and the internal organs are roughly completed. , the heart pulse is active, and the heart sounds can be measured with an ultrasonic stethoscope.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The painful morning sickness is over. Pregnant women will feel more comfortable and their appetite will begin to increase at this time. Frequent urination and constipation gradually returned to normal, but secretions remained unabated.
At the end of this stage, the placenta has been completed, the possibility of miscarriage has been greatly reduced, and it can be considered to have entered a stable period.
The uterus is as big as a child's head, and the appearance of a "big belly" can already be seen from the appearance. The basal body temperature drops and remains low until delivery.
3. Things you should pay attention to in daily life
Uncomfortable symptoms such as morning sickness and pressure have disappeared, and your body and mind are stable, but you still need to be careful. This is an important period for the completion of the placenta. It is best to keep the body and mind calm to avoid moving the fetal gas.
In order for the fetus to develop well, it is necessary to take in sufficient nutrients, including protein, calcium, iron, vitamins and other nutrients in a balanced manner, and not to have a partial eclipse. Pregnancy anemia may occur at this time, so iron absorption is particularly important.
The body is prone to sweating, increased secretions, and bacterial infections. It is necessary to shower every day and change underwear frequently.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
Pregnant women should fully absorb all knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth.
In addition to eliminating anxiety and fear during pregnancy, it can also help smooth delivery. There is currently a complete pregnancy encyclopedia series available for pregnant women to purchase and read. Therefore, pregnant women can go to the nearest bookstore to buy it.
In addition, in order to make childbirth easier, it is best to start doing some gymnastics for pregnant women, but they should be limited to the range of physical load and must not be overly forced.
In another month, you will no longer be able to wear your usual clothes, so you should make preparations while your health is good. When you go out for a haircut, you can ask the master to design a hairstyle that is easy to wash and manage. In addition to making you look refreshed, you will also feel happy. Enlarged and loose underwear are also necessary pregnancy supplies. The fourth month of pregnancy is the period when the rare molar pregnancy can be found. For example, if you find black blood clots on your vagina, and sometimes blood flowing out (of course, there is also the possibility of miscarriage), you should go to the hospital for examination. When you are pregnant with molar pregnancy, in most cases the fetus has died in the womb, the villous tissue that makes up the placenta develops abnormally, there is a large amount of gonadotropin in the urine of pregnant women, edema and white urine appear, and the reaction in the early stages of pregnancy is severe.
Pregnancy process and precautions (five months of pregnancy)
1. Fetal growth
At the end of this period, the length of the fetus is approximately 25 cm , weighing between 250-300 grams.
The size of the head is about one-third of the body length. The shape of the nose and mouth will gradually become more obvious, and hair and nails will begin to grow. The whole body is covered with lanugo, subcutaneous fat begins to form, and the skin turns opaque red. The pulsation of the heart also increases, the strength increases, and in the case of a baby girl, the vagina develops and takes shape.
The bones and muscles further develop, the hands and feet move more actively, and the mother begins to feel fetal movement.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The uterus is as big as an adult’s head, and the height of the uterine fundus is located 15-18 cm above the pubic bone. The belly is already so big that one can tell that she is a standard pregnant woman at a glance. Moreover, the vagina and hip circumference become enlarged, subcutaneous fat thickens, weight increases, and edema occurs all over the body.
If you had mild morning sickness in the previous month, it will completely disappear at this time, your appetite will not decrease, and your body and mind will reach a stable period.
At this time, you can feel the fetal movement slightly. It may not be obvious at first, but there will be a peristaltic sound in the intestines and stomach discomfort. During this period, pregnant women often feel dry mouth and tinnitus, but no fever. These are changes in the body caused by pregnancy, not pathological changes, and can heal on their own after delivery.
Fetal movement is the best way to understand the development status of the fetus. Pregnant women should write down the date of the first fetal movement for the doctor's reference.
3. Things you should pay attention to in life
In the fifth month of pregnancy, you should pay attention to keeping the abdomen warm and prevent abdominal relaxation. It is best to use a corset, abdominal belt or abdominal belt. Protective cover.
*** If the breast is swollen, it is best to change to a larger size bra. Some people may have discharged a small amount of milk.
The fetus is developing at an accelerated pace and needs adequate nutrition. Especially when iron is insufficient, it can easily cause maternal anemia, and in severe cases, it can also affect the health of the fetus.
This is the most stable period of pregnancy. If you want to travel or move, you should take advantage of this opportunity, but pregnant women should still avoid overexertion.
4. Things you should know and prepare for.
You should make a list of baby supplies and necessary supplies for delivery and start preparing.
If your teeth need treatment, you must start immediately. You should also pay more attention to oral hygiene. In addition, pregnant women during this period should fill out the Perinatal Health Handbook (Maternal and Child Health Handbook) and undergo all examinations in the handbook. These inspections are very important. If there are any missed items or missed inspection opportunities, make up for them and record the inspection results.
Pregnancy process and precautions (six months of pregnancy)
1. Growth of the fetus
The length is 30 cm and the weight is about 600-750 grams.
The bones are stronger, the hair is longer, and the eyebrows and eyelashes begin to grow.
The face shape is also clearer, and it is completely human-like, but it is still very thin, and there are wrinkles all over the body.
The sebaceous glands begin to secrete and produce white fat-like vernix, covering the surface of the skin. The gastrointestinal tract will absorb amniotic fluid and the kidneys will excrete urine, thus preparing for birth. In case of miscarriage at this time, the baby can still grow healthily as long as it is well cared for in an incubator.
At this time, the fetal voice can be heard with a stethoscope. The doctor can feel the fetal head and buttocks on the abdominal wall of the pregnant woman to determine where the fetus is in the uterine cavity.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The uterus is larger, and the height of the uterine fundus is about 18-20 cm. The belly will become increasingly swollen and protruding, the weight will also increase day by day, the waist will become heavier, and daily movements will become more difficult and slow.
The growth of the vagina is more vigorous. Not only is the appearance plump, but when squeezed hard, yellowish and thin milk "colostrum" will flow out, and the secretions will still increase in large quantities.
During this period, almost all pregnant women can clearly feel fetal movement.
3. Matters that should be paid attention to in daily life
When a pregnant woman’s belly becomes enlarged and protruded, her body’s center of gravity also changes, making her walking less stable and tiring easily. Especially when bending forward or doing other unusual postures, you will feel low back pain. You should pay special attention to safety when going up or down stairs or climbing to high places.
At this time, the body has fully adapted to the state of pregnancy, and the body and mind tend to feel more relaxed. It's best to take more walks or do moderate gymnastics to stretch your muscles and bones, and get enough rest and sleep. You don't have to deliberately avoid short-distance travel and sex, just follow the normal pace of life.
A balanced intake of various nutrients should be taken in the diet to maintain the health of the mother and fetus. In particular, the requirements for iron, calcium and protein should be increased, but salt must be particularly controlled.
Constipation is easy during this period, so you should eat fruits and vegetables rich in fiber. Milk is a drink that is very helpful for defecation, so you should drink more. But when the constipation is severe, it is best to ask a doctor for advice on how to improve it.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
In order to ensure smooth postpartum breastfeeding, you should pay attention to the nursing care of your baby at this time. Especially pregnant women with flat vagina and sunken vagina must be corrected first. Do a check-up for anemia and treat any aggression. If a pregnant woman's blood type is Rh-negative and her husband is Rh-positive, the pregnant woman's blood should be checked for antibody titers.
Couples should read and discuss information about baby care together to prepare themselves psychologically for the birth of a baby.
Pregnancy process and precautions (seven months of pregnancy)
1. The growth of the fetus
The length is about 36-40 cm and the weight is about 1000-1200 grams. The upper and lower eyelids have formed, the nostrils are open, and the appearance is discernible, but the subcutaneous fat is not sufficient, and the skin is dark red and has many wrinkles. The face will look like that of an old man.
The brain begins to develop and can control body movements on its own. The testicles of male fetuses have not yet descended into the vagina; the vagina of female fetuses has not yet matured.
The fetus has not fully adapted to life outside the body. If it is born at this time, it may cause stunting or death due to premature birth, such as heavy rain.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The fundus of the uterus is about 23-26 cm high, and the upper abdomen has also been significantly protruded and swollen. The abdomen protrudes forward into a linear arch and often causes back pain when used.
The muscles of the uterus become sensitive to various vaginal discharges, fetal movements become more frequent, and contractions occur occasionally, and the vagina becomes more developed.
3. Things to pay attention to in daily life
Due to a big belly, the center of gravity of the body will be unstable and the eyes cannot see the feet. You must be very careful especially when going up and down stairs.
During this period, if the mother's body is exposed to excessive external stimulation, there will be a risk of premature birth. She should avoid strenuous exercise and should not be in positions that compress the abdomen.
Standing for a long time and compressing the lower body can easily cause varicose veins or swollen feet. Elevating the feet to rest frequently can better avoid these problems. If varicose veins occur, elastic stockings should be worn to reduce symptoms.
You should still pay attention to the intake of balanced nutrients in your diet, especially foods rich in calcium and iron. Excessive intake of water and salt is likely to cause pregnancy toxemia and must be strictly controlled.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
Fetuses born during this period are almost premature babies with stunted growth. As a precaution, hospital supplies should be fully prepared.
In addition, large items such as cribs, baby rooms or places where babies sleep should be properly prepared.
In the weeks after delivery, pregnant women often need to take care of themselves and may not have time to style their hair. Therefore, you can take advantage of this period of good physical condition to change your hair style to a refreshing hairstyle.
Pregnancy process and precautions (eight months of pregnancy)
1. The growth of the fetus
The length is about 41-44 cm and the weight is about 1600-1800 grams.
The fetal body development is considered complete, with developed muscles and rosy skin, but the face is still full of wrinkles. The nervous system has begun to develop and will respond to strong sounds outside the body. The fetus' movements will be more lively and powerful, and sometimes it will even kick the mother's abdomen hard.
At this time, the fetal head should be facing down, which is the normal fetal position.
Generally speaking, the fetus has the ability to live outside the womb, but pregnant women still need to be particularly careful.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The lower abdomen is more protruding, and the fundus of the uterus is 27-29 cm high.
All the internal organs are pushed upwards, and the heart and lungs are compressed. Sometimes it is difficult to breathe, and the stomach is also squeezed, so it is easy to lose appetite.
You will feel soreness in your waist and other parts, edema in your lower limbs, varicose veins, and various other symptoms. This is the painful period of the second morning sickness.
The skin on the abdomen is tight, the subcutaneous tissue is broken, and purple-red stretch marks can be seen everywhere. The skin on the lower abdomen, around the vagina and outer vagina will appear black due to melanin deposition, and brown spots of pregnancy will also be very obvious. These are physiological changes in the skin during pregnancy and are not abnormal.
Psychologically, you will fall into a state of nervousness again, and it is often difficult to fall asleep.
3. Things you should pay attention to in life
It is easy to contract pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome during this period. If the edema does not go away when you wake up in the morning, or if your weight increases by more than 500 grams within a week, you should go to the hospital for a diagnosis as soon as possible.
Although pregnancy-induced hypertension is scary, as long as it is detected early and treated promptly, it should not be a serious problem. Therefore, starting from this month, regular prenatal check-ups should be changed to once every two weeks. Don't ignore it.
You should rest more, avoid overexertion, and control your water and salt intake. In addition, be careful to avoid catching influenza.
4. Things you should know and prepare for
Start preparing for delivery and practice auxiliary movements such as breathing, massage, compression and force during delivery. Newborns born at 8 months of pregnancy can be fed in an incubator and receive special care from the hospital. The mortality rate of such premature infants reaches 1/3. Moreover, the physical development of many premature babies does not reach the standards of normal children even when they reach school age.
Pregnancy process and precautions (nine months of pregnancy)
1. Fetal growth
At the end of this period, the fetal length is approximately 47-48 cm cm, and weighs about 2400-2700 grams.
The complete subcutaneous fat is visible, and the body is round and cute. The lanugo hair on the face, chest, abdomen, hands, and feet gradually becomes sparse, the skin turns glossy pink, and wrinkles disappear. At this time, a baby-like face will appear, and the nails will grow to the fingertips.
The testicles of the baby boy descend into the scrotum, the vagina of the baby girl begins to develop, the internal organs are fully functional, and the lung function is adjusted to adapt to life outside the womb. The fetus moves violently, and the fetal movement sometimes scares the mother. Babies born at nine months of pregnancy are very small, but their internal functions are quite complete. As long as they are cared for carefully, they can still grow healthily quickly.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The belly is getting bigger and bigger, and the fundus of the uterus is about 30-32 cm high, rising to the middle of the protrusion and the umbilicus.
The enlarged uterus puts pressure on the stomach, lungs and heart, so you may feel hot and stuffy in your heart, not wanting to eat, your heartbeat and asthma will increase, and you may have difficulty breathing.
Sometimes the abdomen will feel hard and tense. At this time, you should lie down to rest. The secretion still increases, the frequency of urination also increases, and the urge to urinate after urination still occurs.
3. Matters that should be paid attention to in daily life
The mother’s physical strength is greatly reduced and it is easy to appear tired. In order to reserve physical strength in preparation for childbirth, you should have adequate sleep and rest. The rest time after doing housework should also be lengthened, but moderate exercise should not be forgotten. It’s best to wear shoes with a low, balanced heel to maintain balance.
At this time, the uterus cannot be arbitrarily exposed, and due to the possibility of premature birth, it is best to suppress sexual life.
Don’t eat too much at one time. Eat small meals frequently, and eat foods that are easy to digest and have high nutritional content.
4. Things you should prepare and understand
For pregnant women who want to return to their parents’ home to wait for delivery, it is best to leave now, not later than thirty-six weeks later, and during the day. Take a vehicle with low vibration, preferably one that takes a short time and can go directly. Before that, it is best to go back to your parents' home to find the hospital where the delivery is scheduled for a check-up. If it is impossible to make the trip, you should also ask your family to help find the place and make an appointment in advance. When you return to your parents' home to give birth, you should immediately go to the hospital where your delivery is scheduled for a check-up. Of course, don't forget to bring your previous check-up records. Before preparing to go into hospital, check your delivery supplies carefully to avoid missing anything.
Pregnancy process and precautions (ten months of pregnancy)
1. Fetal growth
The fetus is about 50-51 cm in length and weighs about 2900-2900. 3400g.
The subcutaneous fat continues to thicken, the body shape is round, the skin has no wrinkles, and appears shiny light red.
The bones are strong, the skull becomes hard, the nails continue to grow beyond the fingertips, and the hair grows about 2 or 3 centimeters. The internal organs, muscles, nerves, etc. are very developed and are fully equipped to live outside the mother's body.
The fetus's body is about four times as long as its head. Under normal circumstances, the head is embedded in the mother's pelvis, and its mobility is relatively limited.
2. Changes in the maternal body
The fundus of the uterus is about 33-35 cm high. The fetal position descends, the protruding part of the abdomen feels slightly reduced, and the pressure on the stomach and heart is relieved, and the appetite gradually returns to normal. However, after the fetus descends, the pressure on the bladder and large intestine increases, making frequent urination and constipation more serious. In addition, there is also a feeling of difficulty in moving the lower limbs.
The body's preparations for childbirth have matured. The uterus and vagina tend to soften, expand and contract easily, and secretions increase to facilitate the passage of the fetus through the birth canal. Moreover, the uterus contracts frequently and signs of labor begin to appear.
3. Things you should pay attention to in daily life
Because your water may break and labor pains may occur at any time, you should avoid going out alone, traveling far away, or staying out for a long time.
If there is nothing special, it is best to stay at home and prepare for delivery. Appropriate exercise is still indispensable, but it should not be excessive so as not to consume too much energy and hinder childbirth. Nutrition, sleep and recuperation must also be sufficient.
Keep your body clean and change your underwear frequently. If signs of labor such as water breaking or bleeding occur, you will no longer be able to bathe, so it is best to shower frequently every day before then.
From the beginning of pregnancy, a fertilized egg develops into a mature fetus weighing 3 kilograms. During these 280 days, the growth and development of the fetus is completely dependent on the mother's nutritional supply. How to know whether the caloric intake during pregnancy is appropriate? A simple self-examination method is to observe the weight changes in the middle and late stages. You should gain 0.4-0.5 kilograms per week. Insufficient and excessive calorie intake are useless.
Early first trimester of pregnancy (0-3 months): The weight of pregnant women increases slowly and does not change much, with the weight gain not exceeding 1 kg. This is the period when various tissues and organs of the embryo are forming, and the impact on environmental factors, including nutritional disorders, is very high. The nutritional status of the mother is crucial to the continued growth and normal development of the fetus. During this period, due to changes in endocrine metabolism, pregnant women often experience pregnancy reactions of varying degrees, such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc. Meal arrangements should be based on each person's situation and pay attention to comprehensive nutrition. More than 150 grams of carbohydrates must be consumed every day to avoid excessive ketone bodies in the blood of pregnant women due to hunger, which may have adverse effects on fetal brain development; the daily protein intake should be no less than 40-50 grams to ensure basic needs.
The food supply and meal preparation should be diversified, mainly light and less greasy, and eat smaller meals more frequently. On the premise of not affecting physical health, try to take care of the personal eating habits and hobbies of pregnant women, but bad and unscientific eating habits and hobbies should be corrected. Pregnant women should avoid smoking, alcohol, and excessive amounts of strong tea, coffee and other sexual drinks. In order to reduce reactions such as nausea and vomiting, you can eat some easily digestible, dry foods, such as biscuits, steamed buns, toast, cakes, etc., and eat more water-rich vegetables and fruits to supplement water, vitamin C, B vitamins, calcium, and potassium. Other inorganic salts can reduce the discomfort of pregnancy.
Second trimester of pregnancy (April to June): During this period, the pregnant mother begins to store a larger amount of nutrients such as protein, fat, and calcium to provide material for consumption during childbirth and lactation. Prepare. Pregnant women can gain up to 5-6 kilograms of weight during this period. Therefore, the demand for heat energy and various nutrients for pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy should increase significantly, such as 200 kcal (0.8 megajoules) of heat energy, 15 grams of protein, 200 mg of calcium, 10 mg of iron, 200 micrograms of vitamin A, and 200 mg of vitamin A per day. B1 and B2 are 0.6 mg each, and each nutrient is increased.
During this period, the pregnancy reaction of pregnant women basically disappears, the appetite tends to improve, and the appetite increases. Therefore, the variety of food should be more diverse. In order to ensure the supply of heat energy, the intake of a certain amount of staple food should be increased; more animal foods such as meat, fish, and eggs should be consumed to obtain high-quality protein; animal offal, especially liver, can provide iron, zinc, vitamins A, B1, B12, folic acid, etc. are best consumed 1-2 times a week; milk, beans and soy products, dried shrimps and green leafy vegetables should be consumed every day to obtain more calcium and prevent calcium deficiency symptoms such as calf twitching in pregnant women.
The third trimester of pregnancy (after 7 months): This period is the period when the fetus grows and develops most rapidly, and the fetus stores the most nutrients, so the supply of nutrients in the third trimester should reach or exceed the level of the second trimester. . In particular, protein should be increased by 25 grams per day. You can increase the intake of high-quality protein (50 grams of meat, poultry, fish, or 250 ml of milk or 250 ml of soy milk) on the basis of the mid-term meal. Calcium should be increased by 700 mg per day. Eat more calcium-rich foods. food. In addition, during this period, you can choose foods that are small in size and have high nutritional value in terms of dietary composition. The number of meals per day can be increased to 5 meals, with the principle of eating less and more meals. Pregnant women in this period are prone to edema (mainly in the lower limbs). The intake of water and salt should be controlled in the diet. For those with obvious edema in the lower limbs, they should avoid eating bacon, salted fish, pickles, mustard, pickles, etc. Foods high in salt.