Mushrooms can be grown in Sichuan. Mushrooms generally refer to physalis (plant). They are produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan in China.

Cultivation method

Cultivation period

The launch period of early-spring cultivated Physalis is early summer. Since the production cost is not high, the economic benefits are significant. Grow seedlings in a solar greenhouse or wind-shielded sunny border from January to February, and plant in the open field after the late frost in mid-April. Harvesting begins from late May to June.

1. Seedling cultivation

Generally, seedlings are cultivated in wind-shielded sunny plots or solar greenhouses. In the early stage of seedling cultivation, the outside temperature is low. In order to increase the ground temperature, the plastic film should be tightly fastened 15-20 days before sowing and covered with grass thatch at night.

Apply 30,000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to the seedbed per hectare, plow it lightly and rake it flat to make a flat border. Water before sowing and sow after water seeps down.

Seeds can be soaked in warm water at 45°C, or soaked in 0.01 potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes to prevent the seeds from carrying viruses and other germs. Then soak the seeds in clean water for 12 hours, remove them, and place them at a temperature of 20°C-30°C for germination. Sow the seeds after 80% whiteness.

After sowing the seeds, cover with soil 0.5-1cm. Fasten the plastic film tightly immediately and cover it with grass thatch at night to increase the temperature of the seedbed. Keep 20℃-25℃ during the day and 10℃-15℃ at night. In the most severe cold season, the seedbed temperature should not be lower than 5℃.

Thinning out seedlings after emergence to remove overly dense, parallel, disabled and weak seedlings. At the 2-3 leaf stage, separate seedlings with a row spacing of 10cm × 10cm.

Keep the soil dry and moist during the seedling stage. During the seedling stage, the outside temperature is low and evaporation is small, so watering is not needed. During the seedling stage, the outside temperature gradually becomes higher and water can be provided every 7-10 days. If the seedbed is short of fertilizer, compound fertilizer can be applied once, applying 100-150kg per hectare.

2. Colonization

Apply 45,000-75,000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare of the colonization land, plow it deeply, rake it flat, and make a flat border.

Colonization should be carried out after the late frost. The appropriate time for planting is when the first flower begins to bloom at the 6-7 leaf stage of the seedling. When planting, the seedlings should be carefully raised to avoid damaging the root system to facilitate slowing down the seedlings.

The planting density is about 75,000 plants per hectare, and the spacing between plants is 25-28cm×65-70cm.

3. Field management

(1) Top dressing

After planting and slowing down the seedlings, top-up fertilizer should be combined with watering, and applied in holes or furrows per hectare until mature. 7500kg of human feces or 160kg of urea. After the first fruit swells, apply the second fertilizer, and apply 225-300kg of compound fertilizer per hectare to promote fruit development and plant growth.

Top dressing can be applied according to the growth of the plants during the middle and late harvesting period. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, add 300kg of compound fertilizer. When conditions permit, topdress the roots, mix urea or compound fertilizer into a 0.2-0.3 aqueous solution, and spray the leaves every 3-5 days. If the leaves are hypertrophic, the internodes are too long, and the leaves appear leggy, you can spray 0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to control them.

(2) Watering

Pour enough water when planting. Slow down the seedlings, apply fertilizer and then pour some water, that is, cultivating and squatting the seedlings. After the seedlings are planted, water them properly to keep the soil moist, water every 5-7 days, and every 3-5 days in summer.

(3) Cultivating and weeding

In the early stage of planting, cultivate once after each watering to loosen the soil, increase ground temperature, and promote root development. At the time of first flowers and first fruits, combine with top dressing and cultivate the soil to turn the cultivation rows into ridges to prevent plant lodging and facilitate irrigation and drainage. Weed in time during the middle and late stages of growth.

(4) Plant adjustment

Physalis has many branches and is very creepy, so it must be trellised. Generally, bamboo poles are inserted into the soil to build a herringbone or fence frame. The vines of the plant are tied manually every 30cm in length.

In order to inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, prevent excessive branches and leaves from affecting ventilation and light transmission, and avoid delaying fruiting, pruning and pruning should be carried out in a timely manner during the Physalis growth period. Pruning is divided into double-stem type, three-stem type, multi-stem type, etc. The double-stem type leaves 2 main trunks of each plant extending upward, and the remaining side branches are removed as soon as possible.

The three-stem type retains three main trunks for each plant and removes the remaining side branches as soon as possible. In the multi-stem type, 4-5 main trunks of each plant are retained to extend upward, and the remaining side branches are removed as early as possible. In the pruning process, the fewer main trunks, the more conducive to early maturity, but the total yield is not high. Multi-dry pruning has higher total yield, but matures later.

In conjunction with tying vines, side branches and right branches should be removed in time. Remove the top center 40 days before pulling out the seedlings to stop growth and concentrate nutrients for fruiting. After pruning, pruning in time to prevent side branches from becoming overgrown.

On the basis of ensuring a certain amount of fruits, excessive and overly dense flowers and young fruits should be thinned out so that nutrients can be concentrated to produce larger fruits. Fruit thinning should be done early and lightly, and the remaining fruit positions should be evenly distributed on the plant. In the early stage of flowering, you can use anti-dropping agent 20mg/L solution to prevent flower and fruit drop.

(5) Harvesting

The sour berries fall off naturally after maturity and must be harvested manually for the best quality. The calyx of the mature fruit is withered and yellow, and the fruit is light yellow and has a strong fragrance. If the fruit is not ripe enough and tastes bad, it should be ripened. You can spray the fruits with 2000 times of ethephon and then stack them until they are fully mature. For fruits intended for storage or export, it is better to keep the calyx outside the fruit.