Crab claw orchid, as its name implies, is a very attractive plant. There are red, yellow, lavender, orange or pink flowers at the top of the green stem, which is exquisite and unique. So, what is the cultivation method of crab claw orchid? What are the cultivation techniques of crab claw orchid? How to control diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process of crab claw orchid.
Brief introduction of crab claw orchid
1, Crab claw orchid can effectively absorb carbon dioxide in the air and purify the air well. The flowering period is from September to April of the following year, and the bright and colorful crab claw orchid brings people the breath of spring. Whether waiting for the flowers to bloom or bathing in the faint fragrance of flowers, it can make people feel happy.
2. Crab claw orchid, also known as Crab claw orchid, Crab claw lotus and fairy finger flower, belongs to Crab claw orchid of Cactaceae. Tender green, reddish new stem nodes, round main stem, easy to lignify, with many branches and nodes. There are bristles on the thorn base, and peanuts are on the thorn base at the top of the stem node. Common cultivated varieties are scarlet, pink, apricot yellow and pure white. Because the middle diameter is connected, it is shaped like a crab's auxiliary claw. The leafy stems are flat and knobby, plump, ovoid, bright green, truncated at the top and coarsely serrated at the edge. Peanuts are at the top of the stem, and the perianth is open and rolled back. Colors are lavender, yellow, red, pure white, pink, orange and bicolor.
3. Crab claw orchid is a succulent plant. Crab claw orchid is an epiphytic succulent plant of Crab claw orchid in cactus family, with shrub-like hanging stems, many branches and no thorns, lignified old stems and flat young stems. Bright green or purplish, truncated at the top, flowers solitary at the top of branches, symmetrical on both sides. The calyx tip is separated, the corolla is several rounds, the stamens are numerous, and the berries are pear-shaped. The flowering period is 10 to February of the following year. Indoor cultivation can adjust flowering period by controlling light.
Introduction to crab claw orchid culture
1. Watering: Crab claw orchid is an epiphytic cactus, which often grows on trees or wet valleys in natural environment, so the cultivation environment requires semi-cloudy and semi-wet, but the pot soil should not be too wet, and the principle of "dry and thoroughly watering" should be followed. Water every 2 to 3 days in high temperature season, and avoid watering at noon; When the temperature is low in winter, water it once a week to avoid watering it at night.
2. Fertilization: Crab claw orchid likes potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. Fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 30: 15: 20 or 40: 20: 30 can be used. If fertilization is stopped in winter, potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer 1000 times can be sprayed on the leaves once a week.
3. Temperature: The suitable temperature for the growth of Crab claw orchid is 20℃ to 25℃. When the temperature is above 22℃, it is best to use ventilation equipment; When the temperature is higher than 35℃ or lower than 2℃, plants will stop growing.
4. Adjustment of flowering period: Crab claw orchid is a short-day plant, and the purpose of controlling flowering period can be achieved by adjusting lighting time. In order to promote flowering, short-day treatment should be started 60 to 70 days before the expected flowering time. The natural lighting time is 8 hours every day, and the rest time is shaded. Continuous shading, can not be interrupted, generally 20 days after the bud can be seen.
Fertilization method of crab claw orchid
The following aspects should be paid attention to in fertilization of Crabapple Orchid: after flowering in March, the dormancy period of Crabapple Orchid is short, so fertilization and water control should be stopped until new buds appear on the stem nodes, and then normal water and fertilizer management should be carried out; Applying dilute nitrogen fertilizer every half a month in the growing season does not pollute the stem nodes, which is beneficial to the vegetative growth of deformed stems.
Pot changing skills of crab claw orchid
1. Crab claw orchids can be changed once every two years, usually from March to April. In addition to adding sand and gravel with a thickness of about 3 cm at the bottom of the basin to facilitate water filtration, rotten bird and pigeon droppings and broken bone scales with high phosphorus content should also be added to the culture soil, but the roots should not be in direct contact with fertilizers; When the temperature is higher than 30℃, plants enter a semi-dormant state.
2. At this time, it is necessary not only to avoid sun exposure and rain, but also to put it in a damp and cool place, and at the same time to stop fertilizer and control water to prevent plants from rotting roots; Autumn and winter are the bud-bearing flowering periods of Crataegus pinnatifida, with less sunshine in late September and sufficient sunshine in mid-late June. 10 can promote flower bud differentiation and more pregnant buds. At this time, it is appropriate to topdressing liquid fertilizer with multi-phosphorus every 7 days to 10 days, and stop fertilization after flowering.
Holiday cactus
Pruning Techniques of Crab Claw Orchid
In order to control the plant shape suitable for indoor display, when the canopy diameter of the whole plant is more than 50cm, the stem nodes can be shortened in spring, and some old and dense branches can be thinned, so that the new branches after thinning will appear green and vigorous, and the flowers will be more lush. It is worth noting that pruning should be done in sunny days, not in rainy days or summer.
Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of crab claw orchid
1. Crab claw orchid is a plant with strong phototaxis. During its growth, changing its phototaxis position will have an impact on its growth, especially during pregnancy, and changing its phototaxis position may cause the phenomenon of dumb buds and falling buds. So in the process of maintenance, don't change its lamp position frequently.
2. Crab claw orchid is a plant adapted to weak acid soil, and its ph value is 6.5 ~ 6.8. Too high or too low will affect its growth and the brightness and color of flowers. Under normal circumstances, tap water is more than neutral, so watering flowers with tap water for a long time will make the soil alkaline. Therefore, ferrous sulfate should be used to mediate the soil once every six months. The method is as follows: 2 ~ 3g of ferrous sulfate is added into 200~300ml of clear water, shaken to make it fully dissolved, and then watered when the flowers need watering. If there is a ph test paper, it can be adjusted to 6.5 with 200 ~ 300 ml of clean water and appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate, and poured out when there is water shortage.
3. In order to make the crab claw orchid blossom luxuriantly and brightly, fertilization should be done in time after the dormancy period in midsummer, and the compound fertilizer of1:1can be used in the soil. Foliage can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
4. Potted crab claw orchids should be cultivated with loose, fertile and well-drained condensed acid culture soil to avoid water accumulation in the basin. From spring to summer, 10 ~ 14 days can be applied with 1 times diluted liquid fertilizer, and fertilization should be stopped during the high temperature period in summer; Fertilization and watering should continue from beginning of autumn to flowering. Generally, liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied 1 time every week, and available phosphate fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times before flowering. Sufficient nutrients should be supplied during this period, which is not only conducive to the formation of flower buds, but also conducive to bright colors.
5. Crab claw orchid likes semi-yin. After leaving the house in spring, it should be placed in the leeward and sunny place. After entering summer, it should be moved to a ventilated and cool place for maintenance. In midsummer, the growth of crab claw orchid is at a standstill. At this time, it is necessary to water less, but it is necessary to spray water 2 ~ 3 times a day. If you water too much at this time, it is easy to rot the roots. After autumn, it can be placed in a sunny place to promote flower bud differentiation.
6. Crab claw orchid is not cold-tolerant. After it is cool in autumn, they should be moved indoors and put in a sunny place. The room temperature should be kept at about 65438 05℃. Water should be sprayed frequently during bud pregnancy to keep abnormal stems and buds moist. The flowering temperature should be 10 ~ 15℃, and there will be a short dormancy period after flowering. At this time, water should be less, fertilization should be stopped, all residual flowers should be trimmed, and plant shape should be trimmed. Normal water and fertilizer management should be carried out after new buds grow on the stem nodes.
Common propagation methods of crab claw orchid
There are three common propagation methods of Crab claw orchid: cutting, grafting and sowing.
1, cuttage propagation, cuttage is generally in spring. First, take a well-grown deformed stem, cut off the stem node, put it in the shade for 1 ~ 2 days, and insert it into the sand bed after the incision is slightly dry. The humidity of the sand bed should not be too high, otherwise it will cause the incision to rot, so that it can take root after 3 weeks.
2. Grafting propagation. Grafting is the most commonly used and effective reproductive method, which is widely used. The grafted crab claw orchid grows vigorously and has high ornamental value. Generally, spring and autumn are the best time for grafting, because the temperature is suitable and the survival rate is high. When grafting, you should choose healthy and plump plants with a height of about 30 cm as rootstocks, cut off the top 10 cm and cut into wedge-shaped mouths. Then, cut the complete crab claw orchid scion (3-5 knots is appropriate) into the duckbill-shaped lower end, and immediately insert it into the wedge-shaped crack, and the insertion depth is as deep as the wooden part in the center of the rootstock. Pay attention to maintain a high air humidity, so that after 10 days, if the scion remains stiff and bright green, it proves that the grafting is successful. In this way, a wire hoop frame can be set up after January, so that the scions can be evenly placed on the frame and gradually placed in sunny places for normal management.
3, sowing and seedling raising, sowing and seedling raising is generally not used for family planting, so it will not be introduced here.
Pest control of crab claw orchid
Crab claw orchid is vulnerable to red spiders and scale insects, which leads to yellowing of branches and reduces ornamental value. If the air is dry and poorly ventilated, the situation will be more serious. Therefore, attention should be paid to ventilation and watering to increase air humidity. After the pests are found, they can be killed manually. In severe cases, it should be sprayed once every 7 ~ 10 day 1000 ~ 1200 times of omethoate for three consecutive times.
Indoor cultivation method of crab claw orchid
1. Selection of flowerpots: Crab claw orchid flowerpots can be mud flowerpots, plastic flowerpots, porcelain flowerpots and pottery flowerpots, but mud flowerpots are better. In order to coordinate with home decoration, color-changing plastic flowerpots can be used for cultivation, and flowerpots with a crown diameter of 2/3 should be selected for cultivation.
2. Soil configuration: Crab claw orchid likes fertile and loose soil, and families can use 3 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of sand or 4 parts of peat soil, 2 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of sand and 2 parts of perlite (or volcanic rock). After the soil is prepared, it is best to sterilize it at high temperature before use, or it can be sterilized in the sun.
3. Reasonable watering: Crab claw orchid is an epiphytic cactus, which is often epiphytic on trees or wet valleys in natural environment, so the cultivation environment requires semi-cloudy and semi-wet, but the pot soil should not be too wet, and the principle of "dry and thorough watering" should be followed. Water every 2 ~ 3 days in hot season, and avoid watering at noon. When the temperature is low in winter, water it once a week to avoid watering it at night.
4, timely fertilization: Crab claw orchid likes fertilization, when fertilizer is sufficient, more branches and more flowers. After the leaf buds germinate, topdressing can be started. In the growing season, every 0/5 ~ 20 days 100 times of decomposed liquid fertilizer 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1000 times of "Huaduoduo" general fertilizer should be used as topdressing. Fertilization frequency should be reduced in late autumn, and fertilization should be stopped when the temperature is lower than 10℃. High temperature in summer, low temperature in winter, no fertilization.
5, lighting control: Crab claw orchid is afraid of heat and high temperature, avoiding exposure and rain, so it should be placed in a ventilated place indoors or on a cool balcony in summer. After beginning of autumn, the crab claw orchid gradually recovered, and should be placed in a place with 50% light, such as a shade shed or a sunny window, to receive light and promote flower bud differentiation. As the weather turns cold, the light should be gradually increased, and sufficient light should be given from late autumn to winter.
6. Adjustment of flowering period: Crab claw orchid is a short-day plant, and the purpose of controlling flowering period can be achieved by adjusting lighting time. In order to promote flowering, short-day treatment should be started 60 to 70 days before the required flowering time, and the natural lighting time should be 8 hours every day, and the rest of the time should be shaded. Continuous shading, can not be interrupted, generally 20 days after the bud can be seen.
How to change the pot of crab claw orchid?
1. Selection of flowerpots: Before changing flowerpots, it is necessary to observe the growth of plants to determine the suitable flowerpots. The flowerpot can be a clay flowerpot, a plastic flowerpot, a porcelain flowerpot and a pottery flowerpot, but it is best to use a clay flowerpot, and a flowerpot with a crown diameter of 2/3 should be selected for cultivation.
2. Apply sole fertilizer: When changing pots, crab claw orchids should first add sandy loam to the new pots and apply base fertilizer. Fermented organic fertilizer, bone meal or calcium superphosphate can be used as base fertilizer, and a small amount of plant ash can make PH neutral.
3. Pot changing method: move the crab claw orchid from the original flowerpot to the new flowerpot with a loosening tool. Only a small amount of water is needed to replace the flowerpot. After it grows new leaves, the water volume gradually increases and it needs to be moved to a place with light and ventilation.
What if the crab claw orchid doesn't bloom?
1, apply less nitrogen fertilizer: if the crab claw orchid does not bloom, apply less nitrogen fertilizer. Although fertilizers containing more nitrogen, such as horseshoe slices and ammonium sulfate, are essential for the normal growth of crab claws, if they are applied too much, the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will be insufficient, the vegetative growth will be too vigorous, and the reproductive growth will be inhibited. At this time, there will be situations where they don't like flowering. Therefore, less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.
2. Correct illumination: Crab claw orchid is a typical short-day plant, which can bloom smoothly in both short-day and long-day conditions. Some growers like to put them near the lights in winter nights. Because of the prolonged illumination time, flower bud differentiation is affected and they don't like flowering. The correct management method is to put them in a place where the light is synchronized with nature, that is, there is light during the day and darkness at night.
3. Suitable temperature: The flower buds of Crab Claw Orchid develop slowly in the low temperature environment of about 65438 05℃, and it is easy to appear dumb bud death. In addition, if the ambient temperature drops to about 0℃, the flower buds will freeze to death. Keep the ambient temperature 15 to 20℃ to ensure the normal development of flower buds.
4. Pruning old plants: The buds of Crab Claw Orchid are planted at the top of leaflike stems, so promoting the growth of a large number of new leaflike stems is the key to ensure the normal flowering of plants. Every spring, it is best to combine changing pots, cut off some older succulent stems of crab claws, knock the plants out of the flowerpot carefully, and remove a layer of old roots on the surface of the mound with a sharp knife to promote the generation of new roots, so that plants can increase fertility, grow stronger and naturally bloom more flowers.
What if the crab claw leaves turn yellow?
1. Fertilizer: Crab claw orchid does not need too much fertilizer in the normal growth period, but it needs to be supplemented in time after entering the flower bud breeding period, so that the plant can grow vigorously, the flower bud can differentiate well and the flower bud can develop normally and fully. If there is a shortage of fertilizer, buy some potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mix it with water before watering it, so that he can rest assured.
2, watering: watering must be controlled, do not water too often, the surface of the basin soil is not dry and not watered, but it can be watered thoroughly. Especially in winter, it depends on the surface dryness of soil in the basin. Of course, it is only drought-tolerant, and the soil should not be too dry, otherwise this problem will also occur. Ensure sufficient room temperature and no cold air blowing.
3. Humidity: Crab claw orchids should not be placed on radiators or air conditioning vents, otherwise it will accelerate the dehydration of leaves and lead to yellowing of plant leaves.
4. Pests: It is necessary to guard against the harm of red spiders and scale insects. When it happens, it can be prevented by spraying special fungicides, such as mites and mites. , to prevent red spiders and kill scale insects such as pesticides and mites.
5. Dormancy period: Crab claw orchid has two vigorous periods and two semi-dormancy periods every year, so it must be watered and fertilized according to this growth law. Because I like semi-shade, I must choose different placement positions in different seasons.
6. Crab claw orchid has a dormancy period of about 40 days after flowering in early spring. At this time, watering should be controlled, but attention should be paid to loosening the soil and keeping the soil dry. When new buds begin to sprout at the top, water should be started to keep the soil moist, but no water should be accumulated in the basin to avoid root rot.
7. Crab claw orchid plants are easy to be top-heavy when they grow in large quantities, so they need to be bound with scaffolding and can be supported by iron wires and other things. After flower decay, the residual flowers should be cut off together with the terminal flower stems, and attention should be paid to water control. After the new buds grow, water can be used to keep the basin soil moist.
8. After the autumn, the crab claw orchid people gradually resumed their growth as the weather turned cold, and began to water normally to keep the basin soil moist. It is advisable to spray water and fog frequently in bud stage to keep deformed stems and buds moist, water them and keep the soil moist. After flowering, water should be controlled to prolong the flowering period.
9. When cutting propagation, select healthy and plump stem segments, cut off 1 ~ 2 segments, put them in the shade for 2 ~ 3 days, and insert them into the sand bed after the incision is slightly dry. The substrate is peat and sand, the ratio is 4: 1, and the bed insertion temperature is 15 ~ 20℃. The humidity of bed insertion should not be too high, so as to avoid the incision from being too wet and rotting. Rooting begins 2 ~ 3 weeks after transplanting, and can be potted after 4 weeks.