The size, shape, and location of kidney stones are different, and the treatment options are also different. According to the patient's stone condition, drug treatment or surgical treatment is performed, and related triggering factors are actively eliminated. Kidney stones require short-term treatment.

1. Drug treatment

1. Treatment of renal colic:

(1) Non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs: non-steroidal analgesics Pain and anti-inflammatory drugs are suitable for patients with kidney stones who experience pain for the first time as anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment. Commonly used drugs include diclofenac sodium and indomethacin, which have moderate analgesic effects. Diclofenac sodium can also reduce ureteral edema and reduce the recurrence rate of pain. The common method is intramuscular injection. Indomethacin can also act directly on the ureter. Patients can take it orally or insert indomethacin suppositories in the anus as directed by the doctor.

(2) Opioid analgesics: This type of drugs has strong analgesic and sedative effects. Commonly used drugs include hydromorphone, pethidine, bucinazine, tramadol, etc. For patients with severe renal colic, doctors give intramuscular injections according to the actual situation. It should be noted that opioids should not be used alone when treating renal colic. They generally need to be used together with antispasmodic drugs such as atropine.

(3) Antispasmodic drugs: These drugs can relax smooth muscles and relieve spasms. Commonly used drugs include atropine sulfate and anisodamine.

2. Stone expulsion treatment:

(1) Diclofenac sodium suppository anal plug: mainly used for ureteral stones, which can reduce ureteral edema, relieve pain, and promote stone discharge.

(2) Alkalize urine: Mainly take sodium bicarbonate tablets orally to alkalize urine, promote uric acid excretion, and reduce stone formation.

2. Surgical treatment

1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: suitable for patients with 5~20mm renal pelvis, middle renal calyces and upper renal calyces stones. Mainly, the shock wave crushes the stones and then excretes them in the urine.

2. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Mainly, the nephroscope enters the body to perform lithotripsy. It is suitable for patients with kidney stones with a diameter larger than 2cm or stones that cannot be crushed by shock waves.

3. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: mainly remove stones through the ureter. It is suitable for patients with kidney stones and middle and lower ureteral stones less than 2cm.

4. Open surgery: Due to the large trauma of open surgery and the rapid development of other surgical techniques, the use of open surgery in the treatment of kidney stones has been significantly reduced. However, open surgical lithotomy still has extremely important clinical application value in certain situations, such as when other surgical treatment methods have contraindications, complications or treatment failure.

3. Other treatments

Litholysis treatment: Litholysis treatment is an effective auxiliary treatment, often used as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy The auxiliary treatment after lithotripsy and open surgery is to dissolve the stones or stone fragments through chemical methods to achieve the purpose of completely removing the stones. It has a significant therapeutic effect on infectious stones, cystine stones, and uric acid stones.