Tea seed is the fruit of tea tree and the by-product of tea production. The pure kernel rate of tea seeds is about 70%. The whole tea seed contains oil 15% ~ 35%, tea saponin 10% ~ 14% and high starch. For a long time, people paid more attention to the cultivation, processing and development of tea products, but paid less attention to the development and utilization of tea seeds. Therefore, in addition to the propagation of tea trees, most mature tea seeds naturally fall off and rot in the ground, resulting in a waste of resources. There are more than 1.8 million hectares of tea gardens in China, and there are abundant tea seed resources. Based on the yield of 450 kg/ha, the potential tea seed resources are about 800,000 tons. If we make full use of tea seeds, we can turn waste into treasure, increase the income of tea farmers, promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and maintain the sustainable development of tea production. At present, the oil production and comprehensive development and utilization of tea seeds have attracted great attention of domestic tea enterprises and related professionals.
2.2 Camellia oleifera seeds
Tea seed oil is an edible vegetable oil obtained from the mature seeds of tea tree (CamelliasinensisOKtze). Because of its short production and development time, there is no national standard for tea seed oil in China, and there is no standard Chinese and English name. In some places, it is easy to call tea seed oil tea seed oil.
Confused with camellia oil. So it should be more accurate to call it "tea seed oil". Tea seed oil contains about 56% oleic acid and 20% linoleic acid, which is an edible vegetable oil with rich nutritional value. The fatty acid composition of tea seed oil is similar to that of camellia oil, with higher unsaturated fatty acid content and oleic acid content, but the linoleic acid content of tea seed oil is higher than that of camellia oil. The refined tea seed oil has good thermal stability, is not easy to be oxidized and deteriorated, is safe, non-toxic and has no side effects. Therefore, tea seed oil can be used to prepare hair care products and skin care products; Tea seed oil, like tea seed oil, is also a medical raw material, which is used to make injections for injection and to prepare various ointments and pills. In particular, tea seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, which can be used to prevent and treat diseases such as dermatitis, eczema, edema, subcutaneous hemorrhage, alopecia, hyponeurosis, etc., promote human growth and normal metabolism of cholesterol, and improve human immunity. As tea seed oil is a renewable resource, with the deepening of tea seed oil
With the development of science and technology and tea industry, it is possible for tea seed oil to be widely used in industry. Developing the application of tea seed oil in various fields will greatly improve the added value and economic benefits of tea seed oil products.
3.2 camellia oil
[8- 13]
Camellia oleifera seed oil has a dining table history of more than 2000 years. It is recorded in many ancient books, such as Compendium of Materia Medica, Compendium of Materia Medica, Classic of Mountains and Seas, and Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration. , also included in the Pharmacopoeia of Modern China.
Because there are many aliases of camellia oleifera, and the common name of the place of origin, camellia oleifera seed oil also has many aliases, such as camellia oil, camellia oil, clear oil and so on. It is easily confused with tea seed oil. Camellia oil is one of the oldest woody edible vegetable oils in China. China is the country with the widest distribution of camellia plants in the world, and it is also the largest camellia oil production base in the world. Camellia oleifera seed oil is a traditional edible vegetable oil in China and a royal tribute in China. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid is above 90%, among which the content of oleic acid is above 80%, and the content of saturated fatty acid is much lower than other edible oils, even lower than olive oil. Because of its fatty acid composition, oil characteristics and nutritional components, it is known as "Oriental olive oil". Long-term consumption is beneficial to prevent arteriosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and other diseases.
4 tea tree oil
[2,3, 14]
4. 1 plant classification
Commonly used tree species of tea tree oil mainly include Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca alternifolia and Melaleuca alternifolia. According to the biological taxonomy, the scientific classification of Melaleuca alternifolia is shown in Table 2.
Melaleuca oil tree species are several small evergreen trees of Melaleuca in Myrtaceae. Its origin is located in Queensland in the east of Australia and northern New South Wales, namely 2 1 ~ 23 south latitude and 0/45 ~153 east longitude. It is a famous aromatic oil tree in Australia.
Introduced in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Chongqing. At present, there are seven kinds of Melaleuca, Melaleuca, Melaleuca, Melaleuca pentaphylla, Melaleuca, Melaleuca jade and Melaleuca.
Table 2 scientific classification of Melaleuca alternifolia
Classification name
regnumvegetable(regnumvegetable)
angisopermae
Dicotyledonous plants
Rosae Subclass (Rosaceae)
Legend of Myrtle (Myrtle Legend)
Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae)
It belongs to Melaleueal.
cajeput
4.2 tea tree oil
Tea tree essential oil, trade name, is a colorless to yellowish light oily liquid obtained by steam distillation of fresh branches and leaves of Myrtaceae, Melaleuca and Melaleuca plants, commonly known as "tea tree essential oil". The discovery and use of Australian tea tree oil has a history of 100 years. After people fully realized that it has powerful antibacterial, bactericidal and bacteriostatic health care functions, it has developed rapidly in recent 20 years. At present, the annual biomass of Melaleuca alternifolia in Australia is 6000 ~ 7000 t, the yield of steam distillation is 0.7% ~ 0.9%, and the annual output of tea tree oil is about 50 t. Because of its strong bactericidal effect and mild pungent smell, tea tree oil is a natural perfume, which has been widely used in agricultural fungicides, daily hygiene products, skin care products, cosmetics, food spices, medicine and other industries. Seven species of Melaleuca introduced from China can distill the primary and secondary components of six kinds of tea tree oil, such as terpineol -4, but the contents of different species are very different. The basic components of tea tree oil are terpenoids and enols, and terpineol -4 and γ-terpineol account for 56.88% of the total content of tea tree oil. Tea tree oil is a kind of natural fragrance, which can be used in food, cosmetics and medicine industries, and its price is expensive.
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