2. Jaundice: The liver is the center of bilirubin metabolism. When the condition is serious, the bilirubin concentration in the blood increases due to the intake, combination, secretion and excretion of bile red cord. When the concentration of bilirubin in the blood increases, bilirubin is excreted from the urine, which makes the urine darker. It is the earliest manifestation of jaundice. However, sweating in hot weather, insufficient drinking water and some drugs can also cause changes in urine color, so we should pay attention to the differences. When the concentration of bilirubin in blood continues to rise, it can cause jaundice in eyes and skin. Because of bile acid excretion disorder, the concentration of bile acid in blood increases, and too much bile acid is deposited on the skin. Stimulate peripheral nerves and cause skin itching.
Symptoms of digestive system: The liver is an important digestive organ, and bile secreted by the liver is necessary for food digestion. In hepatitis, bile secretion decreases, which affects the digestion and absorption of food. Inflammation of the liver may also cause hepatic sinus blood flow disorder, lead to gastrointestinal congestion and edema, and affect the digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, hepatitis B often has symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, aversion to oil, and epigastric discomfort.
4, hepatosplenomegaly: due to inflammation, congestion, edema, cholestasis, hepatitis B often appears hepatomegaly. If chronic inflammation does not heal, it will recur. Fibrous connective tissue in the liver will proliferate and the texture of the liver will become hard. In the later stage, due to the destruction of a large number of liver cells and the atrophy of fibrous tissue, the liver can atrophy. At the early stage of acute hepatitis or chronic hepatitis, there is no obvious swelling of the spleen, which may be caused by the proliferation of the reticuloendothelial system of the spleen and the hypertension of the posterior portal vein. Spleen congestion leads to splenomegaly. Persistent splenomegaly suggests cirrhosis.
5, liver pain: the lack of pain nerves inside the liver, hepatitis B generally does not have severe pain. But there is a thin film on the surface of the liver, called the liver capsule. Pain nerves are distributed on the liver capsule. When the liver is red and swollen, the liver capsule is tense and the pain nerve is stimulated, so some patients will have discomfort and dull pain in the right upper abdomen and right quarter rib. If the pain is severe, we should also pay attention to the possibility of biliary tract diseases, liver cancer and gastrointestinal diseases to avoid misdiagnosis.
6. Extrahepatic manifestations: Many patients with chronic hepatitis, especially patients with liver cirrhosis, have a dark complexion and are called liver disease faces. This may be due to endocrine disorders and pigmentation of the skin, or to persistent or repeated jaundice and pigmentation of biliverdin on the skin. The palm of your hand is big and the thenar is obviously congested, which is called the liver palm. A cluster of radially expanding capillaries on the skin is called spider nevus, which is several millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and will fade after being pressed. It is common on face, neck, chest and back of hand. Spider nevus can occasionally be distributed all over the body. Men may have erectile dysfunction, symmetric or asymmetric breast hyperplasia, swelling pain, and even be misdiagnosed as breast cancer and undergo mastectomy; Women may have menstrual disorders, amenorrhea and decreased libido. These may be related to the decline of liver function, the decrease of estrogen inactivation and the increase of estrogen in the body. What are the symptoms and clinical manifestations of patients with liver disease/hepatitis B/hepatitis B/chronic hepatitis B?