Also called escape, fan shell or comb shell.
Any of various marine bivalve mollusks of the family Chlamydae, especially the genus Chlamys. There are about 50 genera and subgenera and more than 400 species in this undergraduate course. Global distribution, found in intertidal zone to deep sea. The shell is fan-shaped, but the butterfly hinge line is straight, and there are wing-shaped protrusions at both ends of the butterfly hinge. The size is around 2.5? 6? 5 15 cm ( 1？ 6? 56 inches) or larger. The shell is smooth or has radiating ribs. The ribs are smooth, scaly or nodular, and the colors are bright red, purple, orange, yellow to white. The lower shell is lighter and smoother. There is a large adductor muscle. There are eyes and short tentacles at the edge of the mantle, which can feel the change of water quality. When it is opened, the shell is located between the two shells like a curtain. Scallops are usually found in sand or fine gravel in clean seawater. Feeding on tiny creatures. Food particles are collected by cilia and mucus and moved into the mouth. I can swim, jump intermittently with my double shells, spray water, and push myself forward by my own reaction. Eggs and sperm are discharged into water for fertilization. The hatched larvae swim freely, and then the larvae are fixed at the bottom of the water to develop, and some will crawl. After the larva is formed, the foot silk gland is used to fix on other things. Some are attached to life all their lives, while others wander freely in the middle.
Starfish is its most important enemy. It will be surrounded by wrists, its shell will be opened by the tube foot, and its stomach will be turned out to digest its soft body. Primitive people ate scallops and made utensils out of shells. In the Middle Ages, the pattern of the shell of the pilgrim scallop (P. jacobaeus) became a religious symbol (Chapter of St. James). Adductor muscle of scallop is edible, mainly produced in the northeast of George Shoal and Fendi Bay (New Brunswick-Nova Scotia) in Massachusetts. Sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) is produced in New England and eastern Canada. There are also common species here, such as bay scallop (Aequipecten bay scallop) and scallop (A. opercularis), which are edible shellfish in the British Isles and also used as bait.
Scallop has two shells, almost equal in size, and the shell surface is generally purple brown, light brown, yellow brown, reddish brown, apricot yellow, gray white and so on. Its shell is like a fan, so it naturally gets the name of scallop. The inside of the shell is white, and the muscles in the shell are edible parts. Scallop has only one adductor muscle, so it belongs to single-ring scallop. The adductor muscle is white, tender, delicious and nutritious. Obturator internus is sun-dried as "scallop" and listed as one of the eight treasures.
Widely distributed in all sea areas of the world, with the tropical sea being the most abundant. About 45 species have been found in China, among which Chlamys farreri in the north, Chlamys farreri in the south and Chlamys farreri are important economic species.
Classification of scallops
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Scallops belong to mollusca, Claphabranchia, Fin and Scallopidae.
Scallop habit
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Scallop is a filter-feeding animal, which has the ability to choose the size of food, but has no ability to choose the species. Food with appropriate size is sent into the mouth with the oscillation of cilia, and inappropriate particles are discharged from the groin of the foot. Its food intake is related to the filtration rate, and the filtration rate is the lowest at night 1-3. So I eat the most at night. The main foods are organic debris, tiny particles suspended in seawater and plankton, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates and copepods. Then there are algae spores, bacteria and so on. Its food composition is consistent with the species in the environment.
Scallops, like mussels and pearls, live in shallow rocks or sandy seabed with plenty of silk. Generally, the right shell lies flat on the seabed, and the left shell lies flat on the seabed. Usually there are not many activities, but when you feel that the environment is not suitable, you can take the initiative to hang your feet and do a small range of swimming. In particular, young shellfish can quickly open and close their shells to drain water and swim quickly, which is quite special in bivalves.
[use value]
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Scallops are generally not exposed at low tide, so it is more troublesome to catch them. Along the coast of China, scallop fishing is mainly in the north, and only Dongchu Island, which is a little north of Shidao in Shandong, and Changshan Island in Bohai Sea are the most famous.
Scallops and shells have bright colors and neat ribs, which are good materials for making shell carving crafts. People who go to the seaside to work, travel or recuperate like to collect some scallops as souvenirs for their friends. Scallops are delicious and nutritious, and are as famous as sea cucumber and abalone, and are listed as three treasures of seafood. The adductor muscle of scallop is developed, which is the main raw material for making scallop. Since 1970s, China has cultivated scallops in the coastal areas of Shandong and Liaoning. Artificial culture of scallops can shorten the maturity of scallops, with high yield and convenient harvest.
Scallop species
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Scallop is one of the main cultured shellfish along the coast of China. There are more than 60 kinds of scallops produced in the world, of which China accounts for about half. The common species of scallop culture are Chlamys farreri, Argopecten irradians and Chlamys yessoensis.
Chlamys farreri
Variety source: Yellow Sea
Features: It belongs to mollusca, Scallop, Heteropoda, Scallopidae, and Scallop. Living on rocks and sandy seabed from 3m to 30m; Filter feeding, the bait is mainly phytoplankton; Temperature range-1.5℃ ~ 25℃; The suitable salt range is16 ‰ ~ 43 ‰; The spawning period is May to June; It has a wide range of uses, tender meat, delicious taste and high economic value.
It is a natural species in China's sea areas. It is suitable for aquaculture in China's vast sea areas, especially in the northern coastal areas. Chlamys farreri is attached to life and has well-developed feet. The height of adult shells can reach more than 8 cm. Named after the right shell front ear has obvious foot holes and several fine comb teeth. The growth line of the shell surface is thin, with radial ribs of different thickness; The left shell is about 10, and the right shell is about 20 pieces, with irregular microprotrusions on the ribs.
Bay scallop (radian)
Variety source: 1982 introduced from America.
Features: Mollusca, Claudiobranchia, Heterocladocera, Scallopidae, Scallop. The shell is fan-shaped, the two shells are almost equal, the rear ear is larger than the front ear, and there is a foot hole under the front ear. There are 18 radiation edges on the shell surface, and the shell surface is dark brown or brown. The optimum growth temperature is 5-30℃ and 18-28℃.
comb shell
Variety source: 1982 introduced from Japan.
Features: It belongs to filter-feeding bivalve, mollusk, Claphabranchia, Heteropoda, Scallopidae and Scallop. The shell is fan-shaped, the right shell is more prominent, yellow-white, and the left shell is slightly flat, slightly smaller than the right shell and purple-brown. There are 15-20 radial ribs on the shell surface, and shallow footline holes on both sides of the shell ear. The natural distribution water depth is 6-60m, and the bottom material is gravel. Patinopecten yessoensis is a cold-water shellfish, with the growth temperature ranging from 5℃ to 20℃ and the breeding and spawning water temperature ranging from 5℃ to 9℃. The largest individual that grows naturally can reach 20cm and weigh 900g, and can be cultured artificially 17-23 months. The average shell length of an individual can reach 10cm, and the body weight is 100- 150g, so the meat is delicious and the nutritional value is high.
Chlamys nobilis
The shell surface is light purple-brown, red, yellow-brown or jujube-red cloud markings, and the shell height is about equal to the shell length. The radial rib is larger, about 23. Found in South China Sea and South East China Sea, it belongs to warm-water shellfish. From the low tide line to the deep sea.
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