Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple in Dali, Yunnan The famous stupa in southwest China is located in front of the original Chongsheng Temple in northwest Dali, Yunnan. The three towers are arranged in a triangle. The Great Tower is Chihiro Tower, a hollow brick tower with dense eaves, with a square 16 floor and a height of 69.13m. There is a coupon niche on the front of each floor of the tower, with a stone statue of Buddha built in, and a copper cover bowl and a phase wheel at the top of the tower. The two small towers in the north and south are 10-story octagonal solid brick towers, each 42. 19 meters high. The surface of the tower is coated with a layer of white mud and carved with various patterns. Each layer is decorated with carvings such as coupon niches, Buddha statues, lotus flowers, Ruiyun and vases, and there are three copper gourds at the top of each tower. When 1978 and 1980 were rebuilt, more than 600 pieces of cultural relics from Nanzhao and Dali periods were found in the tower.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province was founded in the third year of Tang Yonghui (652) to preserve the Buddhist scriptures that Xuanzang brought back from India. The original name of the pagoda is Ci 'en Temple Pagoda, and later it was named Wild Goose Pagoda based on the legendary stories of Indian Buddhism recorded in the Records of the Western Regions of Datang. The tower is 64 meters high, and the square, bucket arch and column forehead of the tower are all blue brick imitation wood structures. There are stairs in the tower, which can spiral up. There are arches on all sides of each floor, which can be overlooked by the railing. There are stone gates on all sides of the bottom of the tower, and there are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the lintel. The statement map of the west lintel is engraved with the palace buildings at that time, which is an important material for studying the architecture, painting and sculpture art of the Tang Dynasty. On both sides of the south gate of the tower, there are inlaid the Preface of the Three Monks in the Tang Dynasty written by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and the Preface of the Three Monks in the Tang Dynasty written by Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.
Yingxian Wooden Pagoda in Shanxi Yingxian Wooden Pagoda is the oldest and tallest wooden stupa existing at home and abroad. The tower was built in the second year of Qing Dynasty in Liao Dynasty (AD 1056). The bottom of the tower is 30m in diameter, 67.13m in height, with five floors and six eaves, and the plane is octagonal. The whole wooden pagoda * * * used 54 different forms of bucket arches, making it the most representative pavilion-style stupa among the ancient buildings in China. Because of its solid structure, it has stood upright after more than 900 years and many earthquakes. The characteristics of the pavilion-style stupa are: first, the height of the pagoda is large; second, the distance between each floor is large, and each floor of the pagoda has wooden doors, windows, beams and arches. There are wood-like structures such as purlins, rafters and flying heads on the tower eaves. There are stairs in the tower for people to climb the floor and overlook.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Pagoda of Six Harmonies and China Ancient Pagoda in Song Dynasty. Located on Yuelun Mountain beside Qiantang River in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It was first built in the third year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (970). The tower is 59.89 meters high, with an octagonal plane, thirteen floors in appearance and seven floors in the interior. There are steps in the tower to reach the top floor. Images of flying fairy, musical instrument, sea pomegranate, lotus leaf flower, treasure flower, phoenix, lion, unicorn, fairy deer, palindrome, moire, ruyi and so on carved in brick on Sumi Tower are valuable materials for studying decorative patterns in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the tower, there are also the tablets of Shangshu Province in the Southern Song Dynasty and the residual stones of Forty-two Chapters Scripture written by forty-two writers.
Leifeng Pagoda in Hangzhou, Zhejiang The Leifeng Pagoda by the West Lake in Hangzhou is widely known because of the legend of the White Snake. 1924 After the collapse of Leifeng Tower, two essays by Mr. Lu Xun made it famous all over the world. Originally, Qian _, the last king of Wu Yueguo, called a group of top craftsmen in the second year of Taiping Xingguo (977) in the name of "respecting heaven and Xiu De", and began to build the Leifeng Tower on Xizhao Mountain, the best section of the West Lake landscape in the world.
The new Leifeng Tower * * * has five floors, with a height of 7 1 m and an area of 3 133 square meters. Its design is based on the appearance after the reconstruction of the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is an octagonal pavilion tower.
Lingguang Pagoda in Changbai County, Jilin Province is located on a flat platform at the southern end of Tashan Mountain in the northwest suburb of Changbai Town, Changbai County, Jilin Province. It was built during the Bohai Sea period in the Tang Dynasty (698 -926). It is the oldest ancient pagoda in Northeast China and the most representative historical relic left by Bohai State in Tang Dynasty. It is a square pavilion-style brick tower, with decorative tiles on all sides under the eaves of the bottom floor, and square straight lattice windows in the middle of all sides from the second floor to the fifth floor, which has the style of Tang Dynasty. Lingguang Tower is about 13 meters tall, with an equilateral quadrilateral tower base, five stories high and a blue brick structure. The peak of the tower is plain and plain. The pagoda is condescending, and the Yalu River flows day and night under its feet, and it reaches the ancient pagoda, overlooking the scenery of one river and two countries. The tower is of great historical value to the study of culture and architecture in Bohai period.
Tiger hill, tiger hill, Suzhou, Jiangsu, also known as Yunyan Temple Pagoda, was built in the ninth year of Renshou of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (60 1). The existing tiger hill was built from the eighth year of Ganyou in the last week to the second year of Song Jianlong (959-961). The tower is a plane octagon with seven levels. Tiger hill is now 47.5 meters high, and its tower is made of bricks, weighing more than 6,000 tons. According to records, due to the foundation, since the Ming Dynasty (1368-1 1644), tiger hill has been tilted to the northwest, and the center of the top of the tower has deviated from the center of the bottom by 2.3.
M, with an inclination of 2_40', is called the "Leaning Tower of Pisa in the East".
Linggu Pagoda in Nanjing, Jiangsu is the tallest and most beautiful pagoda with eight sides and nine floors in Nanjing. It is made of reinforced concrete and Suzhou Jinshan granite. The original name of Linggu Pagoda is Memorial Pagoda for fallen soldiers, which was built in 193 1 year and is an important organizational part of the cemetery complex for fallen soldiers. Linggu Pagoda is a novel and unique pagoda, 66 meters high, with nine floors and eight sides, and each floor is covered with green glazed tiles. All floors are surrounded by granite corridors, and there is a spiral escalator in the middle of the tower, which can go straight to the ninth floor along the 252 steps. The tower is beautiful in shape, elegant and solemn, with national style and characteristics, and has been highly praised by people from all walks of life.
Kaifeng Tower, Henan Kaifeng Tower, formerly known as Kaibao Temple Tower, was built in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1049) and has a history of 900 years. It is famous for its outstanding architectural art at home and abroad, and it completely adopts the traditional wooden structure of China. High tower
55.88 meters, the whole body is covered with colored glazed bricks, and the brick surface is decorated with dozens of patterns such as lifelike flying sky, unicorn and geisha music, which has the reputation of "the first tower in the world" Kaifeng Tower is famous for its outstanding architectural art. Because its appearance is all inlaid with brown glazed tiles, it looks like iron from a distance, and it is strong and abnormal, just like iron casting, so it has been called "iron tower" by the people since the Yuan Dynasty.
Anqing Vibration Tower, Anhui Anqing Vibration Tower is located near the Yangtze River, known as the first tower of the Yangtze River, which was built in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. This tower is a pavilion-style masonry structure with seven octagonal floors, with an elevation of 82.74m and a tower height of 60.86.
Rice. The width and height of each layer contract from bottom to top, and the overall outline is conical. There are 168 steps in the tower, which spiral up to the top floor. The tower doors on each floor are staggered, the platform is surrounded by white stone railings, and the eaves of each floor are hung with wind. The Tasha consists of an octagonal sumeru pedestal, a round cover bowl, a spherical quintuple wheel and a gourd-shaped vase. In the tower, Amitabha Buddha, Maitreya Buddha and Five Dhyani Buddhas are introduced to the west. There are more than 54 brick-carved Buddha statues, historical myth story statues 1000 and stone inscriptions embedded in the tower. This tower stands on the river and enjoys the reputation of "the first tower of the Yangtze River" and "Don't talk about the tower after Anqing".
Song Yue Temple Tower in Dengfeng, Henan Province belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit. It is located in the Song Yue Temple under Junji Peak at the south foot of Songshan Mountain, 5 kilometers northwest of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou. It was first built in the fourth year of Zhengguang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 523) and the top of the tower was rebuilt in the Tang Dynasty. After 1400 years of wind and rain erosion, the tower still stands tall, which is the earliest existing brick tower in China and an isolated case among ancient pagodas in China. Songyue Temple Tower is a brick-built tower with dense eaves, and it is also the only dodecagonal tower. Its nearly circular plane is divided into upper and lower sections, which are quite close to India's "stupa" and are the early forms of dense eaves tower.
The Baoen Temple Tower in Suzhou, Jiangsu was rebuilt in Shaoxing during the Southern Song Dynasty (1131~1162). It is an important scene in the city of Nanjiang (now Suzhou) and has an octagonal nine-story brick eaves. The inside of Baoen Temple Tower is a double-layer sleeve, and each layer in the octagonal tower center has a square tower ventricle, and the wooden ladder is arranged in the cloister between the double-layer sleeves; Each floor has a railing with a flat seat, and the bottom has a secondary step (a circle of corridors around the tower). These are all similar to the Sakya Pagoda in Shanxi. However, the eaves of the secondary steps and the eaves of the first floor tower are sloping down without double eaves. Unlike Sakyamuni. The brick tower is divided into three rooms on each side, with a door in the middle. The wooden structure was rebuilt during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and the eaves were towering, and many eaves columns were added to the platform, which has partially changed the original state. There is a wall between the secondary columns, with a plane diameter of 30 meters, which is similar to Sakya Tower; The tower is 76 meters high, nearly 9 meters higher than Sakya Tower. Although the scale of the whole tower is huge, the number of floors is four more than that of Sakya Tower, and the proportion is also higher and thinner than that of Sakya Tower. In addition, the eaves are held high, which also contains the charm of elegance in the grandeur and still reflects the architectural art style of Jiangnan.
Tallinn Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng, Henan Province Tallinn Shaolin Temple is the tomb of monks in Shaolin Temple, which is famous in Buddhism. After the death of prominent monks, they put their ashes or bones into the underground palace and built towers on them to show their merits. The height, size and number of floors of the tower are mainly determined by the depth of Buddhist attainments, prestige and merits of monks during their lifetime. There are 232 pagodas in Tallinn of Shaolin Temple, covering an area of10.4 million square meters. After Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, it is an ancient pagoda complex with the largest existing area, the largest number and the highest value in China. The number of floors of the tower is different, generally ranging from one to seven, and the height is about below l5 meters, and the shapes are square, hexagonal and octagonal. There are cylinders and vertebral bodies; There are linear and parabolic shapes; It has a bottle body and a trumpet shape. These pagodas are representative works of various historical periods, and are a treasure house for comprehensive study of ancient Chinese architecture, calligraphy and sculpture.