1. Choose a sandy loam plot with deep and fertile soil layer and groundwater level below 1 m to cultivate yam.
2. Choose suitable varieties. Choose long cylindrical yam varieties with high yield and disease resistance, excellent shape and epidermis characteristics, and the tuber length is above 1 meter. Commonly used varieties are: fine wool long yam, Jiaxiang long yam, Peixian long yam, etc.
3. For processing plastic casing, a hard plastic pipe with an inner diameter of 6-7 cm is selected, and a small section with a length of 1 m is sawed with a hand saw, and the pipe is cut in half with a knife, and then the end of the plastic pipe is obliquely cut to the port at a distance of 20 cm from the port, and the port is cut into a semicircle. From the other end of the plastic pipe to the middle part, drill holes with a hand drill or electric drill, with the aperture of 1 cm and the spacing of 3 cm, with 6 holes in each row and 4 rows of * * *. The plastic sleeve processed in this way can be used for 6 ~ 8 years.
4. Digging trenches and burying casings Generally, after the soil is thawed in April, the yam ditch is dug with a width of 30 ~ 40 cm, a depth of 50 ~ 60 cm and a spacing of 60 cm. When digging, soil should be taken in layers for backfilling. Fill the bottom of the ditch, evenly place the plastic sleeves at the interval of 30cm, so that one end of the incision is upward, and then backfill the soil layer with a thickness of15cm, while being steady, and arrange the plastic sleeves in a row at an inclination of 60 degrees, with the upper ends flush and10cm higher than the ground. Then backfill the soil layer10 ~15cm, and fill in the half-ripe soil after being stabilized. Don't step on it, then apply 4000 kilograms of fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer every 667 square meters, mix the applied organic fertilizer with the soil evenly, and then fill the yam ditch with cooked soil.
5. Mark the whole border. Make a flat border for every two rows of yam, and the border width is1.4 ~1.5 meters. Before making the border, apply 2000 kilograms of fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer every 667 m2, and level the border surface after deep ploughing. Mark the rows of plastic sleeves at both ends of the border, so as to find the plastic sleeves when sowing.
2, preparing seed potatoes
1, preparation of yam seed potato: firstly, yam bean was used to prepare seed potato once, and then yam segments were used as seed potato for about 3 years continuously, which can effectively prevent the degeneration of yam seed potato.
2. Use yam bean harvested in autumn? The aerial stems are sown at a spacing of 3 cm, and yam tubers with a length of 20-30 cm can be harvested in the autumn of the following year, and the whole tuber is used as seed potato.
3. The yam section is a section with buds at the upper end of the yam tuber. It is cut from the tuber when harvesting yam. It is 20 cm long and weighs about 50 grams. Dry in the sun before sowing to heal the wound, and then store it in layers, and pay attention to antifreeze when storing it.
Third, sowing at the right time
1, seed selection requires bright color, full terminal buds, thick tubers, sparse tumors, few roots, no pests and diseases, no decay, no freezing, and the weight is about150g. Sowing with yam segments requires that the diameter be more than 3 cm and the length be15 ~ 20 cm.
2. Before accelerating germination and sowing15 ~ 20 days, take out the sliced yam stored in layers and put it in an environment of 25 ~ 28℃ to cultivate sand for 3 ~ 5 cm to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, you can use a sunny bed or a small arch shed, which should always be sealed and insulated. When the young buds of Chinese yam emerge from the sand, they can be sown.
3. The sowing date of yam is not frost-tolerant, so the sowing date should be after the final frost. Generally, sowing in Shandong is in the middle and late April.
4. Before sowing, use a hoe to trench along the marked line, with a depth of 8 ~10 cm, and find the plastic casing. Then place the seed potato horizontally above the incision of the plastic casing, and then water it. After the water infiltration, cover the seed potato with wet soil, then cover it with a layer of dry soil, and then cover the planting ditch with dry soil after the water soaks through the dry soil.
Four, the management points after planting
L, intertillage can not only preserve soil moisture, but also increase ground temperature and promote the unearthed yam. After sowing, intertillage1~ 2 times in time, and to prevent weeds from growing after excavation, shallow intertillage is still needed for 2 ~ 3 times. During intertillage, the place near the yam should be shallow and the place far from the yam should be deep. With the growth of yam, it is necessary to stay away from yam in intertillage.
2. Scaffolding When the stems and vines of Chinese yam grow to 30 cm long, a herringbone scaffold should be erected, which is1.5 ~ 2.0 meters high and firm to prevent being blown down by the wind. It is necessary to lead the vines to the shelves in time, generally not to remove the side branches, but to remove the aerial stems that are not used for seed retention in time, because too many aerial stems will affect the expansion of yam tubers.
3. Watering When the stems and vines of yam grow to about 1 m, water them for the first time. This watering should not be done too early, otherwise it will delay the growth of roots. The amount of water should be small, not flooding. Water for the second time after 7 ~10, and the amount of water can be larger. After watering, keep the soil dry and wet. Keep the soil moist when the main vine grows to the top of the frame and side branches begin to appear at the bottom of the plant.
4. Topdressing Generally, the first topdressing is carried out during the second or third watering, with topdressing of urea 10 kg every 667 m2. When yam bean began to expand, the second topdressing was carried out, and 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was topdressing every 667 meters. When grown in yam bean, some yam bean began to shed, it was topdressing for the third time, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was topdressing every 667 m2.
5. Disease prevention and insect control The main diseases of yam are anthracnose, leaf spot, stem rot and root-knot nematode. 600-fold solution of 70% mancozeb and 500-fold solution of 80% anthrax thiram can be used to control anthracnose and leaf spot; Root irrigation with 600 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil to control stem rot; When controlling root-knot nematodiasis, 30% captan can be used, with the dosage of 1 kg per 667 m2, and mixed with soil for disinfection before sowing. Insect pests mainly include Pieris rapae and Lepidoptera guttata. 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution is used to control Pieris rapae, and 800 times solution of phoxim is used to irrigate the roots to control Lepidoptera guttata.
Five, timely harvest
1late October, harvested when the stems and leaves above the ground are dead. When harvesting, firstly remove the bracket and the stems and vines, dig the soil from one side of the yam ditch until the plastic sleeve is completely exposed, remove the yam together with the plastic sleeve, and open the plastic sleeve to take out the yam.